Experimental study on characteristics of stress wave propagation in mesoscale and complex rock mass by microseismic monitoring

采用全数字型多通道微震监测系统,对深部复杂采空区岩体和上部露天台阶絮渣岩体分别进行了现场爆破应力波传播特性试验,利用P波触发时间和传播距离组成的离散点进行线性拟合,得出应力波传播速度,结果显示深部复杂采空区岩体和上部絮渣岩体明显出现两个层状速度模型。利用应力波振幅和传播距离组成的离散点进行曲线拟合,并对应力波信号进行频谱分析和滤波处理,研究应力波的衰减特性。试验结果表明,应力波振幅随传播距离的增加而减小,且在数值上呈乘幂衰减;应力波衰减系数和应力波频率成正比,数值上呈三次多项式关系,高频成分应力波衰减更加明显。利用试验数据,分别计算出深部复杂采空区岩体和上部絮渣岩体的平均品质因子,计算结果分别为4.055和2.478,两者远小于一般原岩的岩体品质因子,说明复杂采空区和絮渣的存在对应力波的传播有很大影响。By using the digital multi-channel microseismic monitoring system, the characteristics of blast stress wave propagation in deep complex and mined-out area and upper fractured rock mass are tested.The wave velocity is acquired by the curve fitting method, which uses the P wave triggering time and propagation distance.The results show that the wave velocities in deep complex and mined-out rock mass and upper coagula rock mass are obviously different.Fitted the curve by using the stress wave amplitude and propagation distance, it is found that the stress wave amplitude decreases in the form of power when the propagation distance increases.By using the signal spectrum analysis and filtering, the attenuation coefficient and frequency are in cubic polynomial relations, and the attenuation of the high-frequency wave is more obvious.The average quality factors in deep complex and mined-out area and upper fractured rock mass, are calculated and they are 4.055 and 2.478, far less than those of the original rock mass, indicating that the mined-out area and fracture have great influence on the stress wave propagation

DEFORMATION MONITORING of BULKY BACKFILL IN NO.2 MINE AREA IN JINCHUAN

针对金川二矿区大体积充填体稳定性问题,简要论述近年来地表岩移和井下地压显现特征,并开展大体积充填体的变形机制研究。制定针对大体积充填体变形的监测方案:采用自制的变形监测装置对1 150~1 200 M水平50 M高充填体的相对变形进行监测,采用水准仪对大体积充填体和围岩体的下沉变形进行量测。监测结果表明,大体积充填体综合下沉变形速率为16.00~51.44 MM/月,最大累计下沉量达515 MM,大体积充填体自身相对变形速率为1.953~28.585 MM/月,最大累计相对变形为285.85 MM。进一步分析大体积充填体综合变形、自身相对变形和围岩体变形的发展趋势。研究成果对于深刻认识二矿区大体积充填体的稳定性、围岩体的变形等提供了重要的依据。The characteristics of surface subsidence and ground pressure in recent years in No.2 mine area,Jinchuan were briefly described and the mechanism of deformation was carefully analyzed.A monitoring scheme was implemented based on the results of deformation analysis.A device was made to monitor the relative deformation of bulky backfill of 50 m in height at the altitude level of 1 150 to and 1 200 m.Bubble level was used to monitor the vertical displacement of the bulky backfill and the surrounding rock.The monitoring results shows that the rate of total deformations of measurement points is 16.00 – 51.44 mm/month and that the maximum accumulated deformations is 515 mm.The rate of relative deformations at measurement points is1.953 – 28.585 mm/month, and the maximum accumulated relative deformations is 285.85 mm.The development trends of the total deformation,the relative deformation and the deformation of surrounding rock are also studied

香炉山钨矿残采区地压灾害微震监测技术应用分析

香炉山钨矿东区形成了形状复杂、体积巨大的采空区,地压灾害问题突出。为了确保矿山生产安全,该矿成功地建立了国内最大、最先进的48通道全数字型微震监测系统。本文简要介绍了多通道微震监测系统的组成、传感器的优化布置,分析了微震监测系统对微震事件的定位误差和效果;论文进一步对采区内微震定位事件、非定位事件进行了初步的应用研究;论文还对西区大爆破对东区地压的影响程度进行了监测。最后,论文对井下岩体破裂类型与释放的弹性波波形进行了辨识与频谱分析。初步的地压微震监测与分析结果表明,微震监测技术能对香炉山钨矿残采区进行动态的地压监测,可以预见该技术将在今后的矿山安全管理中起到更加重要的作用

基于矩张量分析的特大山体破坏前兆孕震机制研究

工程岩体震源机制研究是岩体破坏灾害监测预警研究和应用的基础。针对一次特大爆破诱发的采空区上覆岩体产生特大破坏案例的前兆微震定位数据,采用矩张量理论对前兆微震源定位事件进行震源机制解反演,计算监测所得微震定位事件的矩张量并进行分解,获得纯双力偶成分MDC分量;采用Feigner和Young矩张量破裂判据计算得到破坏类型判别参数R值,对前兆微震事件的岩体破裂类型进行判断,同时根据矩张量分量计算震源体积不变部分参数T和体积变化部分参数k,据此绘制并研究了哈德森震源类型-T k图,分析表明前兆微震源的破裂类型主要为剪切破坏;进一步根据矩张量分解所得纯双力偶成分MDC分量,解得岩体震源处的断层参数。将震源机制解分析得到的前兆微震事件剪切破裂类型与现场山体宏观剪滑破坏相对比,其结果是基本一致的。研究表明基于微震矩张量理论对前兆震源机制解的分析,可较为准确地判断中尺度工程岩体破裂类型,该研究可作为进一步的中尺度工程岩体破裂机制研究以及岩体工程灾害预警研究参考。国家自然科学基金资助项目(51674218);;\n国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0600702