A Study on the Core Resources and Competitive Advantage of Leisure Farms

由於經濟成長, 生活型態轉變, 以及2001年全面週休二日, 勞工工時亦縮短為每週四十二小時, 均提高現代人對正當休閒的需求; 因此, 我國未來休閒遊憩之人口, 及推展休閒農場遊憩經濟總效益, 勢必大幅增加.本省的休閒農場緣自民國七十二年, 為因應國家整體經濟政策及國際自由化的趨勢, 已積極結合一級產業與三級產業形成一新興的「休閒服務產業」.但一般休閒農場未顧及資源特性及市場定位, 較著重利用有形資源以吸引遊客; 更缺乏企業化經營策略, 導致目前發展上之瓶頸; 因此, 探究休閒農場的資源配置及運用, 是休閒農場能否具有競爭優勢與能否成功永續經營的重要課題.本研究從資源基礎理論觀點, 探討不同類型與特性休閒農場之優勢核心資源及競爭優勢為何? 以期提供休閒農場建立持續競爭優勢, 突破經營上之瓶頸, 並對有意從事休閒農場之農業經營者, 提供檢視經營能力之參考.計畫目標: ( 1 )探討休閒農場不同特性對優勢核心資源之影響.( 2 )探討不同農場特性及經營特性之休閒農場, 其競爭優勢為何? ( 3 )探討休閒農場宜經由何種資源組合運用, 建立長久的競爭優勢, 並提供休閒農場經營者之參考.架構( 重要工作項目 ): 本研究擬採理論分析、專家座談、問卷與個案訪問法, 其進行步驟如下: 1.理論分析與專家座談: ( 1 )收集國內外相關文獻, 分析有關休閒農場、資源基礎理論、核心資源與競爭優勢等理論之探討.( 2 )邀請對休閒農場經營具有專業素養之專家學者數人, 針對欲研究之不同特性休閒農場進行研究與探討.2.調查訪問法: 從經營者觀點探討不同特性( 有關農場特性包括產業體驗、生態體驗、休閒遊憩; 經營特性則包含專業經理、組織聯盟及區位規模 )綜合性休閒農場之優勢核心資源與競爭優勢之關聯, 抽樣進行問卷調查後, 並彙整比較分析.3.個案深度訪談: 選定國內兩個縣農會經營之東勢林場與走馬瀨農場, 針對其經營現況、核心資源運用狀況及未來競爭優勢作一深度的個案研究, 並進一步與個別家庭經營之休閒農場作一比較.預計可能遭遇之困難1.受訪者個人經驗對核心資源與競爭優勢之意義可能會有主觀的看法.2.受訪者可能基於本位主義, 對於休閒農場經營相關議題產生主觀的排斥.解決途徑: 1.透過專家、實務家客觀、充分討論, 尋求共識.2.謹慎選定訪問對象, 調查訪問前辦理說明會後再進行個別調查訪問.預期效益: 提供休閒農場建立持續競爭優勢, 突破經營上之瓶頸。Owing to economic progression, living style transferring, two holidays a week in 2001, shorten the period of working time to 42hours, all of these that proper leisure needed was more required for modern people.For these reasons, population of leisure or stroll in the future, total economic profits of promoting the Leisure Farms management would be increased extensively.Leisure Farms management of Taiwan was originally created in 1983.To coordinate of the tendency of National Whole Economic Policy and International Economic Freedom of this country, a primary and third industrial has been combined positively to form a new and developing one Leisure and Service Industrial named.As a common Leisure Farms, the characteristics of resources and the market demonstration had not been taken into account yet.But attracting the tourists by making use of tangible resources was more emphasized.Lacking of tactics of enterprise management became the key to develop at the present moment.For this reasons, to study of resources distribution and utilization in Leisure Farms was the important courses on competitive advantages and ever management.From the view point of Resource-based Theory, what the core resources and competitive advantages in different types and characteristics of Leisure Farms was studied in this paper.Looking forward to providing the leisure farms to establish competitive advantage sustained, breaking through the limited of management was also studied in this research.To provide the reference on inspecting management ability was also concerned for prospected Leisure Farm managers

An Analysis of the Formation of Lugu Shiang Tea Producing Area in Taiwan

產地形成是指特定地區運用產地營運機制與產地間競爭策略而促成其產地能有效率的達到高度發展之目標。本研究針對鹿谷鄉茶葉產地，採群組茶葉專家SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats)模式分析並整合成策略規劃的發展指標，期能供為鹿谷鄉茶葉產地發展為高度主產地之參考依據。研究結果顯示： 一、鹿谷鄉茶葉產地形成階段性發展層次之定位劃分，依序為「茶葉生產地區」、「茶葉產地」、「茶葉主產地」及「高度茶葉主產地」階段。研究結果顯示鹿谷鄉茶葉產地發展階段之層次，尚未達到第四階段之「高度茶葉主產地」階段。 二、鹿谷鄉茶葉高品質特殊化之S-W策略目標為： （一）應建立茶葉品質商品化的策略目標，此可藉由規劃茶葉併堆技術加以達成。 （二）應訂定產地茶葉品質分級標準化的策略目標，形成促使消費者認同其茶葉確為高品質的市場區隔。 （三）應建立產地的茶葉品質在全國市場上所具有的信譽特殊性。 三、鹿谷鄉全國性品牌特徵化之O-T策略目標為： （一）應提昇其產地品牌達到全國性品牌形象之策略目標，此可規劃藉由結合產地文化與產地休閒等加以形象包裝。 （二）應提高其產地品牌競爭性之策略目標，此可規劃自我品牌發展並進行市場區隔而達成。 （三）應提昇其產地品牌服務形象之策略目標而達成促使消費者對其產地產生品牌的信心、滿意及忠誠。 The formation of a highly developed and competitive tea producing area involves applying specific mechanisms and strategies. The study on the Lugu Shiang Tea Producing Area was conducted using the SWOT-analysis method and defines a development objective aid strategic plan. The analysis and results will be used as a strategic plan for further development of a ”Highly Developed Tea Producing Area”. The results of these studies were as follows: 1. The stages of development of ”Lugu Shiang Tea Producing Area” were ”Tea Producing Site”, ”Tea Producing Area”, ”Major Tea Producing Area” and ”Highly Developed Major Tea Producing Area”. In this study and analysis we found that Lugu Shiang is not a ”Highly Developed Major Tea Producing Area”. 2. The main S-W Strategic Plans for Lugu Shiang to become a ”Highly Developed Tea Specialty Producing Area” are as follows: (1). The standardization of the area's tea quality can be ensured by enhancing research and development in Tea Blending Technology. (2). The Lugu Shiang tea producers should establish their own quality classification grades in concert with consumers to be easily able to identify Lugu Shiang tea quality. (3). The strategic planning of Lugu Shiang tea will be nationwide as a fatuous specialty tea. 3. The main O-T strategic measures will be as follows: (1). The Lugu Shiang Tea brand can be promoted using cultural and recreational activities. This will cause the brand to become familiar to consumers nationwide. (2). The brand strategic planning will be competitive, with Lugu Shiang tea producers enhancing the quality and quantity. The establishment of individually grown local brands will lead to marketing diversification. (3) The Lugu Shiang Specialty Tea brand will have to be marketed as a specialty tea: Consumers will gain confidence, satisfaction and loyalty to the brand when it is established

Studies on the Organizational Reinventing and Reengineering of County Farmer's Association in Taiwan-Concerning Taiwan's Agricultural Finance Cost Efficacy and Japan's Practical Experiences of Japanese Agriculture Cooperatives

一、 計畫目標: ( 1 )整理與分析影響日本農協系統組織再建構、機能重組之相關理論與經驗實務, 以供台灣探討此問題的參考.( 2 )從「促進基層農會機能的發揮, 提昇系統農會整體經營競爭力」的觀點來研討縣農會組織再建構、機能重組的必要性及可行性.( 3 )分析全國階段的農會體制為類似目前台灣農會體制的總合型連合組織或為日本農協體制的專門性單事業別連合組織對系統農會整體經營競爭力較有利? ( 4 )分析縣農會在農會共同運銷經濟事業所扮演的角色與機能, 並比較縣農會合併後, 可能對農會共同運銷產生的重大影響, 以烘托縣農會合併對基層農會經濟機能促進的影響情況.( 5 )探討農會信用部現況與問題, 並針對農會信用部異於一般金融機構的農業金融地區金融業務加以分析, 以作為實証分析之基礎.並分析檢測目前各農會信用部是否具有規模經濟與範圍經濟.更嘗試以同一縣( 市 )內鄉鎮農會合併之方式, 進行模擬分析.二、 架構( 重要工作項目 ): 本研究擬採理論分析、專家座談、問卷與個案訪問法, 其進行步驟如下: 1.理論分析與專家座談: ( 1 )收集國內外相關文獻, 分析有關組織再造意義、系統農會組織再建構、機能重組的相關理論, 並進行理論分析與文獻探討.( 2 )分析日本系統農協組織再造及二階段系統制的背景、意義、成效及全國都府縣連合會、中央會機能調整、發展的重點及其對基層農協機能強化的影響.( 3 )分析國內農會之問題, 並探討縣農會組織再建構、機能重組與農會現存問題之關連性.舉辦產、官、學三方面之座談會, 就本研究之研究方法、內容之妥當性進行研討.( 4 )以個別農會之規模經濟及範圍經濟進行實証分析, 尋得農會信用部的最適規模, 以了解農會信用部應否擴大其規模, 發展成為區域性的地方金融.並探討農會信用部經營項目間, 是否存在成本互補性, 以作為將來應朝向專業銀行發展或綜合性銀行發展時之依據.( 5 )使用多元產出超越對數成本函數模型( translog cost function ), 並以Zellner's的近似無關迴歸分析法( seemingly unrelated regression estimation method )推估其成本函數之參數值, 估算出其規模經濟與範圍經濟.且進一步以同一縣( 市 )內鄉鎮農會合併方式, 進行模擬分析.2.問卷與個案訪問法: ( 1 )抽樣進行問卷調查及個案調查訪問, 從系統農會機能強化的重點分析縣農會選聘任人員對系統農會組織再建構、機能重組的需求、意願, 並分析縣農會對系統農會共同運銷的影響.( 2 )針對營運績效( 尤其是共同運銷事業 )特佳的縣農會, 實施個案研究, 以分析縣級農會合併對其所屬基層農會業務更進一層發展之意義及必要性.三、 預期效益: ( 1 )完成日本農協系統二階段組織再建構、機能重組及其對所屬基層農協機能發揮影響( 包含對於信用、共同運銷業務的影響 )之相關理論與經驗的整理與分析.( 2 )從農會系統整體機能發揮的觀點…尤其如系統農會共同運銷機能的強化, 比較分析縣農會進行組織再建構與機能重組之必要性.( 3 )本研究針對農會信用部特殊性質, 以同一縣( 市 )為單位進行模擬分析, 了解合併後是否改善其規模效果.由於縣( 市 )為單位較不涉及跨縣( 市 )政府及不同政經利益團體之協調, 此種行政區域劃分為原則的農會組織加以重組合併, 將可減少層級並擴大經營規模, 以改善經營體質.( 4 )從農會所有者與經營者的需求與意願及其農業背景、農會未來發展的因素, 探討台灣農會系統進行二階段制組織再建構與機能重組之可能性。Keywords: reengineering, organizational reinventing, cost efficacy.As financial liberalization has progressed, more and more new financial institutions have entered the market, and the credit departments of Farmers'Associations have found themselves facing a serious threat.Ordinary financial institutions are not affected by regional restrictions; they can establish new branches freely in accordance with their operational needs in order to achieve the ideal branch network.The credit departments of Farmers'Associations are only permitted to operate within the boundaries of the township or rural township to which they belong; they are not permitted to expand their operations into other administrative districts.This makes it difficult for the credit departments of Farmers'Associations to expand their scale of operation, and as a result they are unable to benefit from economies of scale.Only through mergers would they be able to expand their scale of operation, thereby improving their management efficiency and making themselves more competitive.The main purpose of this study is to explore the current status of the credit departments of Farmers'Associations and the problems affecting them, and to analyze the agricultural finance and local finance operations in which they are involved ( in which respect they differ from ordinary financial institutions ), to serve as a basis for empirical analysis.Analysis is also undertaken of the question of whether each Farmers'Association credit department possesses the necessary economies of scale and economies of scope, in order to explore the feasibility of implementing a policy of mergers among them.An attempt is made to simulate the merging of Farmers'Associations within the same county or city, and estimates produced with respect to whether overall operating costs would be reduced following such a merger

強腎鏈始創計畫：以多中心隨機臨床試驗驗證結合醫療大數據、人工智能、與區塊鏈技術所架構之臨床腎病照護平台--強腎鏈始創計畫：以多中心隨機臨床試驗驗證結合醫療大數據、人工智能、與區塊鏈技術所架構之臨床腎病照護平台(2/4)

[[abstract]]台灣的末期腎病發生率與盛行率高居全球第一，每年花費健保逾五百億台幣但未見腎病的顯著改善，主因在缺乏系統性之全幅數據。此計畫預建構「強腎鏈」，串聯大數據、區塊鏈架構、人工智能建構平衡數據產生者與數據使用者之互惠數據生態圈，為全球第一個以區塊鏈架構為基礎之血液透析照護平台，並將進行隨機臨床試驗。與現今腎病治療相較，此計畫能透過全距數據收集平台結合人工智能技術加強醫護與患者之連結，整合各項生理影像數據與基因資訊間，即時預測以輔助醫師提供精確的預防、診斷與治療，大幅提升病人自我照護能力期望「強腎鏈」能顯著減少透析患者急慢性併發症、改善患者生活品質，最終增加其健康餘命，成為全球血液透析智能照護的示範。[[note]]科技部[[note]]2021-07-01～2022-06-3