ペプチダーゼ ハ ハクナイショウ ケイセイ ニ ジュウヨウナ ヤクワリ ヲ ハタス ： シュミヤ ハクナイショウ ラット ガンキュウ ニ オケル ペプチダーゼ ノ メンエキ ソシキ カガクテキ ケントウ

The role of proteolytic enzymes in Shumiya cataract rats (SCR) in alterations to lens proteins duringcataract formation was immunohistochemically studied using antibodies against exopeptidases, such aslysosomal dipeptidyl peptidase II (DPP II), cytosolic DPP III and alanyl aminopeptidase (AAP-S), membraneboundAAP-N, and against cytosolic endopeptidases such as μ- and m-calpains, and 20S proteasome. αBCrystallinwas detected as a proteolytic marker in the lenses. The reactivity of these peptidases increasedin lens fibres with age in SCRs, but that of αB-crystallin decreased. No reactivity against exo- and endopeptidaseswas shown in the lens perinuclear region of lenses of control rats at all ages and in SCRs at 8 and 10weeks of age, but an intensive reactivity against these peptidases was observed in the lens perinuclear regionof lenses in SCRs at 12 and 14 weeks of age. AAP-N was feebly detected in the lens epithelium and fibresof both types of rat at all weeks of age. These findings indicate that these exo- and endopeptidases, exceptfor AAP-N, are thought to kinetically induce lens opacification during cataract formation in SCRs through the intracellular turnover of lens proteins

日本人のマグネシウム, 亜鉛, 銅摂取量 : 無機質成分表による計算値とICP-AESによる実測値との比較

1. Dietary intakes of magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) were estimated by means of food composition table (FCT) -based calculation, and the values thus obtained (the calculated values) were compared with the values measured by the inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) (the measured values). The calculated values were all lower than the measured values, and were considered to be inadequate for the estimation of dietary element intakes. 2. Not all of the food items consumed were listed in the FCT. The weights of the food items consumed that were listed in the FCT were summed up (FCT-SUM), and the sum was compared with the weight of total food items consumed (CONSUMED). The measured values were corrected by multiplying the ratio of CONSUMED/FCT-SUM (the corrected values, or the values corrected on a total food basis). The corrected values were 116,116 and 117% of the measured values in cases of Mg, Zn and Cu, respectively. The corrected values are related with the measured values in all three comparisons, although the correlation coefficients were all less than 0.5. 3. Further trials for obtaining a better correlation were made by classification of food items in terms of food groups after the ECT, followed by the correction for each food groups, and then summing up the corrected values. No improvement, however, could be achieved by this procedure. 4. It was concluded, therfore, that the correction on the total food basis would be recommended, and that rough estimates of Mg, Zn and Cu intakes should be available by this procedure

陰膳方式食物収集による日本人の栄養調査 : 血清脂質と栄養摂取量

Nutrient intake was surveyed by total food duplicate method in combination with serum biochemistry among adult Japanese women. The survey was conducted twice in the same 19 sites all over Japan, once in the years around 1980 (the first survey on 199 women) and then in 1991-6 (the second survey on 379 women). The participants 19 sites were classified into four groups of those in Hokkaido, urban areas, rural areas and Okinawa by the location of residence, and relation of findings serum lipid analyses with nutrient intakes was examined. In the Hokkaido group, cholesterol and triglyceride in serum, and intake of animal fat and saturated fatty acids (SFAs) were lower in the second survey than in the first survey. In the urban group, serum cholesterol, and intakes of animal fats and SFAs were the highest among the four groups both in the first and second surveys. In contrast, serum cholesterol, and intakes of animal fats and SFAs in the rural group were lower than the levels in other groups in the first survey, but the three groups in the second survey. In Okinawa, serum cholesterol was lower than others in the second survey. Intake of fat-based energy was high, but intakes of monounsaturated fatty acids and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids were also high. When all subjects were combined, the serum cholesterol level was 193mg/100ml (as an arithmetic mean) in the first survey and it was 202 mg/100 ml in the second survey, and this increase was paralleled by the increase in the number of aged survey subjects. Serum triglyceride level was 111mg/100ml in the first survey, and 99 mg/dl in the second survey. The reduction may be attributable to the reduced nutrient intake among young people. Serum cholesterol correlated significantly with intake of animal fats and SFAs, but the correlation with total energy intake was significant only in the second survey. BMI correlated significantly with serum triglyceride levels in both surveys, but the correlation coefficient was smaller in the second survey than in the first survey. There was no correlation between BMI and serum cholesterol in both surveys

日本人女性の食事からのカルシウム摂取量

This study was initiated 1. to examine if there was any secular changes in dietary calcium (Ca) intake among Japanese women in past 15 years, and 2. to identify the food groups insufficient intake of which may induce Ca insufficiency. 24-Hour food duplicate samples were collected from 433 and 760 adult women in the first (1977-1981) and the second survey (1991-1998), respectively, from various parts of Japan. Daily Ca intakes were estimated from weights of food items in the duplicate samples, taking advantages of food composition tables (FCT-based estimates). Possible difference in means was examined by Student's t-test and multiple comparison test (Scheffe), and that in distribution by chi-square test. The average dietary intake of Ca was 607 and 605 mg/day in the first and the second survey, respectively, with no significant difference. The subjects, separately for the two surveys, were classified by the Ca intake into 5 groups, i.e., those with intake of 419 or less, 420 to 539,540 to 659,660 to 999 and 1,000 or more mg Ca/day, and also by decade of ages. Reduced Ca intake from fish (including shellfish) and vegetables coupled with increased intake from milk (including milk products) were noted among the three low Ca intake groups when the intakes were compared between the two surveys, whereas no food group-specific changes were noted among the two high intake groups. Ca intake from milk was high in the latter two groups. Further analysis showed that low intakes of pulse, fish, milk, vegetables and algae were associated with insufficiency in Ca intakes. Classification by ages showed that Ca insufficiency among those at the ages of 20's was attributable to low intakes of pulse, fish and algae. When compared between the two surveys, reduced intakes of fish and vegetables and increased intake of milk were commonly observed in most age groups, and milk intake was substantially increased at advanced ages. FCT-based estimates and ICP-MS measurements gave 581 and 542 mg/day as averages for the former and the latter, respectively. The observation that the latter is 93% of the former suggests that Ca insufficiency should be taken more seriously than the estimates would suggest