最大后验贝叶斯估算法制定华法林个体化给药案例探讨

目的:探讨临床药师在华法林个体化给药方案制定及实施监护过程中发挥的作用。方法:临床药师采用最大后验贝叶斯估算法制定华法林患者的给药方案,并对方案实施过程进行了监护,及时识别了药物相互作用导致的INR升高,避免了出血不良反应的发生,同时也及时发现了患者漏服药物导致的国际标准化比值(INR)降低,避免了患者再次发生血栓。结果:最大后验贝叶斯估算法可以较好地估算和指导临床用药,对于个体化给药方案具有极大的参考价值。结论:根据基因检测结果选择合适的算法为华法林患者制定了个体化给药方案后,临床药师还需要对整个给药方案实施过程提供全程化的监护,以便及时发现疾病、药物相互作用、依从性不佳等导致的INR异常波动,从而提供抗凝效果,减少出血和栓塞等不良反应。福建省科技计划引导性项目(编号:2015Y0020

Iron and manganese oxides enhance electron output efficiency of Clostridium pasteurianum

[Background] Fermentative dissimilatory metal-reducing bacteria, which are capable of reducing metallic oxides, get energy from fermentation. Little is known about how metallic oxides affect electron output efficiency of fermentative dissimilatory metal-reducing microorganisms. [Objective] This study was conducted to explore the influence of iron and manganese oxides (Fe_2O_3/MNO_2) on electron output efficiency. [Methods] Different concentrations of Fe_2O_3/MNO_2 were added into fermented system containing glucose and inoculated 5% C. pasteurianum. Electrochemical activity of C. pasteurianum was detected. The concentrations of Fe(Ⅱ) and Mn(Ⅱ) were measured by ferrozine spectrophotometry and formaldoxime method. Fermentation substrate and metabolites of C. pasteurianum were detected by gas chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. Lastly, we calculated the electron output efficiency. [Results] The current density peaked with the value of about 0.93 mA/m~2. The concentrations of Fe(Ⅱ) and Mn(Ⅱ) gradually accumulated. The consumption of glucose was increased by 9.4%/7.7%, Meanwhile, acetate production was increased by 37.5%/25.0%, and butyrate production was increased by 22.7%/6.8%. Additionally, hydrogen production was increased by 21.6%/9.8%, and the total electron output efficiency was increased by 24.27%/10.82%, respectively. The pH values between experimental group and control are no significant difference. [Conclusion] This study shows that iron and manganese oxides can improve the electron output efficiency of C. pasteurianum by increasing glucose consumption and buffering pH value. The results provide evidence for revealing the effects of multivalent metal oxides on the electron output of fermentative dissimilatory metal-reducing bacteria, and further expand our understanding of the interaction mechanism between multivalent metal oxides and fermentative dissimilatory metal-reducing bacteria.</p

Design and synthesis of hydrogenation nanocatalyst with synergetic multiple catalytic sites

基于催化剂多活性中心分工协同作用可活化两种或多种反应物,本研究工作以一种新的制备策略对贵金属-过渡金属-过渡金属氧化物催化剂进行合理设计,构筑金属与金属氧化物双活性中心。结果发现,贵金属负载于过渡金属/过渡金属氧化物(nM-TM/TMO)结构的催化剂在加氢反应中具有优异的催化活性。同时,热处理方法可有效调控催化剂微观结构,并对此构效关系进行了较为深入的研究。As synergic multiple active sites catalysts can theoretically activate two or more reactant or substrates simultaneously resulting in significantly increase of activity and stability of catalysts, we herein develop a novel catalysts preparation strategy to design and construct noble metal-transition metal-transition metal oxide(NM-TM/TMO) to form bi-active catalytic sites.The experimental results show that such a catalyst has excellent performance in catalytic hydrogenation, e.g.aromatic compounds hydrogenation as the case studies.It was also found that the nanostructure of catalyst can be tuned via thermal treatments, which are investigated and the relationship between structure and activity is explored to some extent.国家自然科学基金项目(20973140;201106118;21303140)~

软颗粒饲料对“红膏蟹”培育生长、存活和营养成分的影响

将平均体质量(453.6±46.91)g、已交配的健康锯缘青蟹饲养在36cm×26cm×27cm塑料箱中,投喂由鲜杂鱼糜加淀粉、电解多维粉末和卡拉胶制得的软颗粒饲料,培育锯缘青蟹\"红膏蟹\"。试验结果表明,29~31d育成\"红膏蟹\";投喂软颗粒饲料的青蟹肌肉占比(59.89%~60.84%)显著低于投喂冰鲜杂鱼和贝类的青蟹(P<0.05),但培育成活率(96.9%~97.1%)、质量增加率(67.26%~69.47%)、特定增长率(1.39%/d~1.53%/d)、可食部分(65.67%~66.32%)和红膏占比(17.36%~17.68%)均显著高于投喂冰鲜杂鱼和贝类的青蟹(P<0.05);软颗粒饲料组\"红膏蟹\"肌肉中粗蛋白、脂肪和水分的含量分别为19.9%、0.8%和75.1%,生殖腺中粗蛋白、脂肪和水分含量分别为30.59%、14.50%和54.69%,肌肉和生殖腺中必需氨基酸的含量分别为5.59%和8.14%,呈味氨基酸的含量分别为6.50%和9.90%,氨基酸评分分别为71.7和100,肌肉和生殖腺中饱和脂肪酸总量分别为44.0%和49.2%,单不饱和脂肪酸总量分别为24.6%和29.2%,多不饱和脂肪酸总量分别为27.9%和15.7%;投喂软颗粒饲料提高了青蟹肌肉中粗蛋白的含量和青蟹的营养价值。福建省星火项目(2016S0055);;福建省公益性项目(2018R1037-1);;2017年宁德市现代渔业结构调整资金资助项目(宁财农指[017]65号);;宁德师范学院科研发展资金资助项目(2016FZ24

熊胆对二乙基亚硝胺诱发大鼠肝癌的影响

探讨熊胆对二乙基亚硝胺(diethylnitrosamine,DEN)诱发大鼠肝癌的影响。将大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组及熊胆两个剂量组(200、400 mg.kg 1,灌胃18周,每周5次)。DEN诱发肝癌,用熊胆粉干预。实验观察了体重等一般情况,检测肝功能,HE染色观察肝组织病理改变,免疫组化检测肝组织中增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)和平滑肌动蛋白(α-SMA)。结果显示:4周后正常组体重高于其他各组(P<0.01),熊胆两组均高于模型组(P<0.05);除正常组外,其余各组谷丙转氨酶、总胆红素显著升高,但熊胆两组显著低于模型组;模型组呈典型肝硬化、肝癌改变,熊胆两组肝硬化程度较轻、癌组织分化较好;模型组高表达PCNA和α-SMA,熊胆两组较模型组弱,α-SMA减少具有显著意义。实验提示:熊胆在一定程度上抑制了DEN诱发肝癌的进程,可能与抑制肝星状细胞活化并减轻肝损害、肝硬化有关

Tax Competition and Hypothesis of Economic Growth Threshold:An Analysis Based on China's Empirical Data

税收竞争对经济增长的影响存在积极效应和消极效应,它主要通过影响企业决策和公共服务的提供而作用于经济增长。通过对经济增长门槛假说的检验发现:在经济发展水平较高的地区,税收竞争的积极效应大于其消极效应,促进经济增长;而在经济发展水平较低的地区,税收竞争的积极效应小于其消极效应,抑制经济增长。此外,研究结果还表明:中国并未出现恶性的税收竞争,但各地区的税收负担与经济发展水平不相适应。可见,地方政府只有合理利用税收竞争手段,才能促进地方经济的可持续发展。Tax competition has both positive and negative impacts on economic growth, and this impact on economic growth is mainly exerted through affecting corporate decision and the provision of public service.Through the test of the hypothesis of economic growth threshold, this paper finds that the positive effect of tax competition is greater than its negative effect in regions with higher level of economic development, and thus promoting economic growth.While in regions with lower level of economic development, the positive effect is smaller than the negative one, therefore restraining economic growth.In addition, the result also shows that there is actually no vicious tax competition in China yet, but the regional tax burden is not consistent with the local economic development.It is thus clear that only by making rational use of tax competition means can local governments achieve sustainable development of local economy.福建省软科学项目“加速区域经济增长的研发激励政策研究”(2012R0079); 国家社会科学基金重大项目“健全公共财政体系研究”(10ZD&036

高热流作用下微通道内的周期性射流特性

在低质量流速和高热流密度下，对深度为30μm的微通道内的流动沸腾进行了实验研究，发现了毫秒级周期性喷射流型、液膜的波动及液丝的断裂现象。分析表明，喷射周期的长短与沸腾数（Bo）有关，界面非平衡蒸发导致液丝失稳及液膜波动；微通道宽度方向上的Marangoni效应引起液膜和液丝的收缩、波动及断裂