中国医务人员医疗标准执行现况及影响因素调查

目的调查我国医务人员医疗标准执行现况及其影响因素,进而了解标准未完全执行的原因。方法采用多阶段分层抽样法,通过实地和网络问卷调查相结合的方式,根据国家统计局地区划分标准,共招募了中国东部、中部、西部和东北4个地区共抽取10375名医务人员填写问卷。结果中国医务人员自我报告的对专业范围内已发布的标准执行率为82.2%。样本医务人员对医疗标准执行率上存在地区(Wald=10.973,P<0.05)、机构级别(Wald=95.052,P<0.01)以及标准认可程度(Wald=689.166,P<0.01)间存在差异。结论中国医务人员对所在专业范围内已经发布的相关标准的自我报告执行程度较高。国家卫健委医疗相关标准调查(2018-65

Transparent electrode design and interface engineering for high performance organic solar cells

With the growing needs for energy, photovoltaic solar cells have attracted increasing research interests owing to its potentially renewable, feasible and efficient applications. Compared to its inorganic counterparts, organic solar cell (OSC) is highly desirable due to the low-cost processing, light weight, and the capability of flexible applications. While rapid progress has been made with the conversion efficiency approaching 10%, challenges towards high performance OSCs remain, including further improving device efficiency, fully realizing flexible applications, achieving more feasible large-area solution process and extending the stability of organic device. Having understood the key technical issues of designing high performance OSCs, we focus our work on (1) introducing flexible graphene transparent electrodes into OSCs as effective anode and cathode; (2) interface engineering of metal oxide carrier transport layers (CTLs) in OSCs through incorporating plasmonic metal nanomaterials ;(3)proposing novel film formation approach for solution-processed CTLs in OSCs in order to improve the film quality and thus device performance. The detailed work is listed below: 1. Design of transparent graphene electrodes for flexible OSCs Flexible graphene films are introduced into OSCs as transparent electrodes, which complement the flexibility of organic materials. We demonstrate graphene can function effectively as both the anode and cathode in OSCs: a) Graphene anode: we propose an interface modification for graphene to function as anode as an alternative to using aconventional polymer CTL. Using the proposed interfacial modification, graphene OSCs show enhanced performance. Further analysis shows that our approach provides favorable energy alignment and improved interfacial contact. b) Graphene cathode: efficient OSCs using graphene cathode are demonstrated, using a new composite CTL of aluminum-titanium oxide (Al-TiO2).We show that the role of Al is two-fold: improving the wettability as well as reducing the work function of graphene. To facilitate electron extraction, self-assembledTiO2is employed on the Al-covered graphene, which exhibits uniform morphology. 2. Incorporation of plasmonic nanomaterialsinto the metal oxide CTLinOSCs By incorporating metallic nanoparticles (NPs) into the TiO2CTLin OSCs, we demonstrate the interesting plasmonic-electrical effect which leads to optically induced charge extraction enhancement. While OSCs using TiO2CTL can only operate by ultraviolet (UV)activation, NP-incorporated TiO2enables OSCs to perform efficiently at a plasmonic wavelength far longer than the UV light. In addition, the effciency of OSCs incorporated with NPs is notably enhanced. We attribute the improvement to the charge injection of plasmonically excited electrons from NPs into TiO2. 3. Formation of uniform TiO2CTLfor large area applications using a self-assembly approach A solution-processed self-assembly method is proposed for forming large-area high-quality CTL films. Owing to the careful control of solvent evaporation, uniform film is formed, leading to enhanced OSC performance. Meanwhile, our method is capable of forming large-area films. This approach can contribute to future low-cost, large-area applications.published_or_final_versionElectrical and Electronic EngineeringDoctoralDoctor of Philosoph

Supervision of Local Financial Expenditure Deviation Degree:Based on Factor Analysis

通过对2010年全国36个省、自治区、直辖市和计划单列市按政府功能分类的财政支出预决算偏离度进行因子分析,建立了双因子的支出偏离度的分析体系。研究结果表明,根据因子得分进行的各地区支出偏离度排序和聚类树分析,显示了我国财政支出偏差的格局;主因子的置信监控界定了地区偏离度的适度性区间,发现地方政府的财政支出偏离度仍在可控范围之内。可见,以政府的支出结构为测度,基于统计数据的监督体系,有助于考核地方政府财政职能改革发展的绩效。Through a factor analysis of the financial expenditure budget and final budget deviation degree classified by the government functions of 36 provinces,autonomous regions,municipalities and municipalities with independent planning status in China in the year of 2010,this study establishes an analytical system of the expenditure deviation degree with the double factors.The results reveal that the order of the expenditure deviation degree of different regions according to their factor scores and the analysis of the clustering tree show the situation of China's financial expenditure deviation degrees.The confidence monitoring of the major factors defines the interval of appropriateness of the regional deviation degree;it reveals that the financial expenditure deviation degrees of the local governments are still under control.It is thus clear that the supervision system with government financial expenditure structure as the measure and based on the statistical data are beneficial to the measurement of the performances of the reform and development of local governments' financial functions.国家社会科学基金重大招标项目“健全公共财政体系研究”(10ZD&036

多巴胺包埋磁性SiO_2固定化漆酶催化去除4-氯酚

以磁性纳米颗粒为载体,通过多巴胺（dopamine,DA）聚合原位包埋制备了磁性SiO2固定化漆酶（Fe3O4@SiO2-PDA-Lac）。结果显示纳米颗粒尺寸均匀,并且保持较高的饱和磁性。通过最优条件制备出的固定化漆酶在50℃放置6h后,活性保持在63%,而游离酶仅保留18%。将固定化酶用于催化降解4-氯酚（4-CP）,探究了溶液pH、漆酶浓度和ABTS2,2-联氮-二（3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸铵）对4-CP去除率的影响。固定化漆酶在反应最适pH时,4-CP去除率为84.3%,而游离酶仅为65.7%。当漆酶浓度为1.2U·ml^-1时,反应8h后,4-CP去除率可达95%,而游离酶的4-CP去除率仅82%。ABTS可促进固定化漆酶降解4-CP,当体系中加入50μmol·L^-1的ABTS,反应10min后,固定化酶对4-CP去除率可达99%。固定化漆酶在重复使用10次后,4-CP去除率仍可达67%

氯氧化铋在盐酸溶液中溶解度的测定和关联

在水解法制备氯氧化铋的反应结晶过程中,氯氧化铋在盐酸溶液中的溶解度数据至关重要。采用平衡法测定了303.15~363.15 K范围内氯氧化铋在盐酸溶液中的溶解度,并用Apelblat方程、经验多项式方程、&lambda;h方程对实验数据进行关联。结果表明:氯氧化铋溶解度随着盐酸浓度和温度的升高而增加,盐酸的浓度对氯氧化铋溶解度的影响更为显著;上述3种模型都可用于关联氯氧化铋的溶解度与温度的关系,就BiCl3-HCl-H2O体系而言,Apelblat方程、经验多项式方程和&lambda;h方程的拟合精度分别为0.99、0.98和0.93,Apelblat方程的模拟结果最佳

多巴胺包埋磁性SiO2固定化漆酶催化去除4-氯酚

以磁性纳米颗粒为载体,通过多巴胺（dopamine,DA）聚合原位包埋制备了磁性SiO2固定化漆酶（Fe3O4@SiO2-PDA-Lac）。结果显示纳米颗粒尺寸均匀,并且保持较高的饱和磁性。通过最优条件制备出的固定化漆酶在50℃放置6h后,活性保持在63%,而游离酶仅保留18%。将固定化酶用于催化降解4-氯酚（4-CP）,探究了溶液pH、漆酶浓度和ABTS2,2-联氮-二（3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸铵）对4-CP去除率的影响。固定化漆酶在反应最适pH时,4-CP去除率为84.3%,而游离酶仅为65.7%。当漆酶浓度为1.2U·ml^-1时,反应8h后,4-CP去除率可达95%,而游离酶的4-CP去除率仅82%。ABTS可促进固定化漆酶降解4-CP,当体系中加入50μmol·L^-1的ABTS,反应10min后,固定化酶对4-CP去除率可达99%。固定化漆酶在重复使用10次后,4-CP去除率仍可达67%

多巴胺包埋磁性SiO2固定化漆酶催化去除4-氯酚

以磁性纳米颗粒为载体,通过多巴胺（dopamine,DA）聚合原位包埋制备了磁性SiO2固定化漆酶（Fe3O4@SiO2-PDA-Lac）。结果显示纳米颗粒尺寸均匀,并且保持较高的饱和磁性。通过最优条件制备出的固定化漆酶在50℃放置6h后,活性保持在63%,而游离酶仅保留18%。将固定化酶用于催化降解4-氯酚（4-CP）,探究了溶液pH、漆酶浓度和ABTS2,2-联氮-二（3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸铵）对4-CP去除率的影响。固定化漆酶在反应最适pH时,4-CP去除率为84.3%,而游离酶仅为65.7%。当漆酶浓度为1.2U·ml^-1时,反应8h后,4-CP去除率可达95%,而游离酶的4-CP去除率仅82%。ABTS可促进固定化漆酶降解4-CP,当体系中加入50μmol·L^-1的ABTS,反应10min后,固定化酶对4-CP去除率可达99%。固定化漆酶在重复使用10次后,4-CP去除率仍可达67%

氯氧化铋在盐酸溶液中溶解度的测定和关联

在水解法制备氯氧化铋的反应结晶过程中，氯氧化铋在盐酸溶液中的溶解度数据至关重要。采用平衡法测定了303.15～363.15 K范围内氯氧化铋在盐酸溶液中的溶解度，并用Apelblat方程、经验多项式方程、λh方程对实验数据进行关联。结果表明：氯氧化铋溶解度随着盐酸浓度和温度的升高而增加，盐酸的浓度对氯氧化铋溶解度的影响更为显著；上述3种模型都可用于关联氯氧化铋的溶解度与温度的关系，就BiCl3-HCl-H2O体系而言， Apelblat方程、经验多项式方程和λh方程的拟合精度分别为0.99、0.98和0.93， Apelblat方程的模拟结果最佳

氯氧化铋在盐酸溶液中溶解度的测定和关联

在水解法制备氯氧化铋的反应结晶过程中，氯氧化铋在盐酸溶液中的溶解度数据至关重要。采用平衡法测定了303.15～363.15 K范围内氯氧化铋在盐酸溶液中的溶解度，并用Apelblat方程、经验多项式方程、λh方程对实验数据进行关联。结果表明：氯氧化铋溶解度随着盐酸浓度和温度的升高而增加，盐酸的浓度对氯氧化铋溶解度的影响更为显著；上述3种模型都可用于关联氯氧化铋的溶解度与温度的关系，就BiCl3-HCl-H2O体系而言， Apelblat方程、经验多项式方程和λh方程的拟合精度分别为0.99、0.98和0.93， Apelblat方程的模拟结果最佳