Environmental effects on tannin production of Casuarina equisetifolia branchlets

木麻黄是滨海沙地上重要的防护树种。本研究选择福建东山的短枝木麻黄作为研究对象，探讨了不同海岸梯度对其小枝发育和衰老过程中单宁含量、氮磷含量、N:P比和养分内吸收率的影响以及单宁含量的季节动态；并选择自然条件下对木麻黄生长影响较大的几个生态因子（养分、水分、pH值）进行控制实验，系统探讨不同生态因子及其交互效应对短枝木麻黄单宁形成的影响，以验证关于次生物质形成的不同假说，进一步揭示植物单宁的形成机制。研究结果表明： 1.海岸带梯度对短枝木麻黄衰老小枝养分和单宁含量具有显著影响，基干林带短枝木麻黄衰老小枝养分含量显著高于后沿林带，而各种单宁含量和养分内吸收率则显著低于后沿林；海岸梯度对幼嫩、成熟...Casuarina equisetifolia is an important shelter tree in coastal sandy areas. Changes in the N and P concentrations, N:P ratios and tannin content in C. equisetifolia branchlets during development and senescence across a coastal gradient, and seasonal changes in tannin content were studied at Chishan Forestry Center of Dongshan County, Fujian Province, China. In addition, the effects of fertility, ...学位：理学博士院系专业：生命科学学院生物学系_植物学学号：2162006015328

Flame Characteristics and Burning Rate of Typical Solid Fuel Under Reduced Gravity

利用实验时间为2.2 s，低重力水平为l0-2 90简易实验系统，对易升华典型固体燃料试样从常重力到低重力环境过渡的瞬态燃烧过程进行了实验研究，考察了火焰形态、火焰亮度和温度以及燃料试样燃烧速率受重力水平影响的变化趋势，结果表明，随着重力水平的变化，火焰从常重力环境中的湍流扩散火焰，过渡为低重力环境中的层流火焰，火焰高度、亮度和温度以及燃烧速率都随重力水平的下降而降低．由于进入低重力状态后，常重力燃烧诱导的空气流动并没有完全消失，观察到了逆风侧火焰温度、火焰平均亮度，以及燃烧速率因气流作用而回升的现象，这种现象会使低重力环境中的火灾复杂性和危害性增强

Comparison of fertilizer-effect models on winter wheat response to nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers in saline soils in the Yellow River Delta

通过大田试验, 研究了黄河三角洲盐碱土地区冬小麦合适的肥料效应模型。在冬小麦生长季设置4种不同的氮磷肥用量, 根据&ldquo;3414&rdquo;试验设计8 种不同的肥效试验处理, 以探讨线性加平台、一元二次、平方根和二元二次4 种不同模型的拟合效果。结果显示, 4 种肥料效应模型的拟合结果经检验都达到极显著水平 (P&lt;0.01)。在一元肥料效应模型中, 氮磷一元二次模型拟合效果最好, 最高收益分别为7 448.3 元&middot;hm-2 和7 357.7 元&middot;hm-2, 最佳经济氮磷用量分别为254.4 kg&middot;hm-2 和98.6 kg&middot;hm-2。对比一元与二元模型, 后者拟合效果较好, 最佳经济氮磷用量分别为244.1 kg&middot;hm-2 和94.2 kg&middot;hm-2, 即氮磷肥配比为2.6∶1, 经济效益为7 432.4 元&middot;hm-2, 氮肥农学利用率为6.2 kg(籽粒)&middot;kg-1(N), 磷肥农学利用率为13.8 kg(籽粒)&middot;kg-1(P2O5)。结合拟合度、最佳经济施肥量、经济收益、肥料农学利用率和一元模型的局限性分析得出, 二元二次肥料效应模型最优, 可作为黄河三角洲地区盐碱土冬小麦氮磷肥效模型的最佳选择。</p

大学出版社改制后的数字出版发展对策研究

实行转企改制后,大学出版社的数字出版进程仍受到各方因素的制约。要想继续快速推动数字出版产业的持续健康发展,大学社需在信息化建设和品牌打造方面加大力度,且根据自身特性来构建数字出版商业模式,优化人力资源管理模式,加强对外交流和合作,真正发挥自身活力

Effects of fertilization on Casuarina equisetifolia seedlings total phenolics and extractable condensed tannin contents.

研究了施用氮肥和磷肥对短枝木麻黄幼苗总酚(TOTAl PHEnOlICS,TP)和可溶性缩合单宁(EXTrACTAblE COndEnSEd TAnnIn,ECT)含量的影响,探讨短枝木麻黄单宁形成的养分效应.结果表明:施加氮肥使短枝木麻黄幼苗小枝的TP和ECT含量显著降低,支持碳氮平衡假说和生长分化平衡假说,但对氮含量没有显著影响,从而导致TP/n和ECT/n降低;施加磷肥对TP和ECT含量没有显著影响;随着处理时间的延长,短枝木麻黄幼苗小枝TP含量升高了9.91%~14.32%,而ECT含量降低了14.32%~298.88%;TP或ECT与有机物质含量的关系则相反,表明不同类型单宁的合成途径不同,但由于TP和ECT均与氮含量无显著相关性,故不支持蛋白质竞争模型;在贫瘠土壤条件下,TP/n和ECT/n的水平较高,有利于提高短枝木麻黄的防御水平,降低凋落物的分解率,减少养分损失,从而保持较高的生产力.This paper studied the effects of nitrogen-and phosphorus fertilization on the total phenolics(TP) and extractable condensed tannin(ECT) contents in the branchlets of Casuarina equisetifolia seedlings,aimed to approach the nutrient effect on tannin production.Under nitrogen fertilization,the TP and ECT contents decreased significantly,which supported the hypotheses of carbon-nitrogen balance(CNB) and growth-differentiation balance(GDB),but the plant nitrogen content had less change,resulting in the decrease of TP/N and ECT/N ratios.Phosphorus fertilization had no significant effects on the TP and ECT production.With prolonged treatment time,the TP content in the branchlets of C.equisetifolia seedlings increased by 9.91%-14.32%,but the ECT content decreased by 14.32%-298.88%.The TP and ECT had opposite relationships with organic matters content,showing that different types of tannin had different biosynthetic pathways.However,both TP and ECT had no significant correlation with nitrogen content,and thus,the protein competition model(PCM) was not supported.Under nutrient-poor condition,the TP/N and ECT/N ratios were relatively high,which would be beneficial for the improvement of defense ability,the decrease of litter decomposition ratio and nutrient loss,and the maintenance of high productivity of C.equisetifolia plantations.国家“十一五”科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD03A14-01);国家林业局南方山地用材林培育重点实验室和福建省森林培育与林产品加工利用重点实验室项目资

Rhizosphere soil nutrient and enzyme activity of Casuarina equisetifolia clone plantation and seedling plantation

木麻黄无性系林根际土壤有机质、全氮、水解氮、全磷、全钾、速效钾、钙和镁离子含量均大于木麻黄实生林,有效磷含量则相反。与实生林相比,木麻黄无性系林根际和非根际土壤pH值均有所下降,CEC值增加。木麻黄无性系林根际土壤脲酶、磷酸酶、过氧化物酶及多酚氧化酶活性均高于木麻黄实生林。脲酶除外,其余3种酶活性均是根际大于非根际。与木麻黄实生林相比,木麻黄无性系林根际环境得到改善,林地土壤营养贮量和养分供应能力提高,生长效果亦优于本地实生苗造林。The results showed that the contents of organic matter,total N,Hydrolytic N,total P,total K,available K,Ca2+ and Mg2+ in rhizosphere soil of clone plantation were higher than those of seedling plantation,except for available P.Compared to seedling C.equisetifolia,pH value of soil declined in clone plantation but CEC value increased.Uresese,phosphataese,peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase of rhizosphere soil were more active in clone plantation than those in seedling plantation.Environment in rhizosphere soil of C.equisetifolia clone plantation was improved and nutrient-holding and providing capacities were enhanced,therefore,growth status was better than seedling C.equisetifolia.国家“十一五”科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD03A14-01,2006BAD01A16);; 福建省重大专项和福建省林木种苗攻关项

台湾海峡悬浮颗粒中的甲藻指示物──甾醇(4α,23,24-trimethyl-5α-cholest-22-en-3β-ol)

检出台湾海峡两个季节的表层水悬浮颗粒样品中的甾醇4α，23，24-TrIMETHyl-5α-CHOlEST-22-En-3α-Ol，该组分被认为可用来指示甲藻.分析结果表明：表层海水悬浮颗粒中该组分含量出现两次最大值，其规律与甲藻的昼夜垂直移动规律相一致；该组分在台湾海峡夏季含量比冬季要高，但仍明显低于同期的厦门附近海域的含量，这种季节变化及海域差别与所报道的甲藻的情况基本一致.国家教委、福建省科委重点科研和国家教委海洋生态环境开放研究实验室资

Dynamics of tannin concentration and nutrient resorption for branchlets of Casuarina equisetifolia plantations at different ages

通过对福建省惠安县不同林龄短枝木麻黄人工林不同发育阶段小枝单宁含量及氮磷再吸收率的研究,探讨了短枝木麻黄林分发育过程中的营养保存策略。结果表明,幼龄林(5年生)成熟小枝中的总酚(TP)、可溶性缩合单宁(ECT)总缩合单宁(TCT)含量及蛋白质结合能力(PPC)显著高于成熟林(21年生)和衰老林(38年生)。随着林分发育,成熟小枝中n含量显著升高,而P含量呈降低趋势。不同发育阶段林分成熟小枝中n∶P比均大于20,且随着林龄的增加而升高。磷再吸收率(PrE)显著高于氮再吸收率(nrE),均以成熟林分最高。这表明短枝木麻黄小枝单宁含量与养分再吸收受林龄影响,其养分保存机制会随着林分生长发育的变化而进行调节。Casuarina equisetifolia is characterised by high primary productivity in coastal sandy soils,which are generally low in nutrient contents.High tannin production and nutrient resorption may be important strategies for C.equisetifolia in coastal environments.Despite the widespread planting and known ecological and physiological properties of C.equisetifolia,there is scant information about the nutrient resorption patterns and tannin concentrations for branchlets of C.equisetifolia plantations during stand development.Since plant ecophysological traits are associated with ageing,tannin content and nutrient resorption efficiency could change with stand development.Therefore,tannin level and nutrient resorption of C.equisetifolia at different developmental phases(juvenile,mature and senescent) were examined to evaluate possible nutrient conservation strategies under nutrient limitation in Huian County,Fujian Province.The results showed that total phenolics(TP) contents,which were in the order juvenile stand > senescent stand > mature stand for senescent branchlets and decreased from 218.52 to 180.49 mg / g during stand development for mature branchlets,decreased during branchlet senescence in all stands.The extractable condensed tannin contents(ECT) in mature and senescent branchlets of C.equisetifolia were juvenile stand > senescent stand > mature stand.The ECT contents of C.equisetifolia increased during branchlet senescence both in the mature and senescent stands but decreased in the juvenile stand.The protein-bound condensed tannin(PBCT) contents of branchlets increased during senescence in juvenile and mature stands and remained the same in senescent stand.The fibre-bound condensed tannins(FBCT) of branchlets increased during senescence in mature stand and did not change in juvenile and senescent stands.Total condensed tannin(TCT) followed similar pattern as ECT during stand development.Protein precipitation capacity(PPC) in mature and senescent branchlets were significantly higher in juvenile stand than in mature and senescent stands.PPC decreased during branchlet senescence in the three stands.Significant positive linear correlations were found between PPC and TP or TCT.Nitrogen(N) concentrations both in mature and senescent branchlets obviously increased during stand development.Phosphorus(P) concentrations in mature branchlets were similar in juvenile and mature stands but lower in senescent stand.Phosphorus concentrations in senescent branchlets of juvenile stand were significantly higher than those of mature and senescent stands.Nitrogen: phosphorus ratios(N ∶P ratios) of mature branchlets,were all above 20,also increased during stand development.Nitrogen resorption efficiencies(NRE) in three stands were basically below 50%,the lowest in senescent stand.Phosphorus resorption efficiencies(PRE) were above 70% with the highest in mature stand(78.08%).There were significant negative correlations between N and P concentrations in mature and senescent branchlets.Nitrogen resorption efficiency had a particular strong relationship with the N ∶P ratios of branchlets.On the other hand,PRE was not significantly related to N ∶P ratios of branchlets.There were significant correlations between TP or TCT and N or P concentrations in branchlets except for the relationship between TCT and P concentrations in senescent branchlets.The above results indicated that the tannin level,nutrient concentration and resorption were affected by stand age.C.equisetifolia could adjust their nutrient conservation with stand development at intraspecific level.国家自然科学基金项目(41201293;41176092); 国家“十一五”科技支撑计划项目(2009BADB2B0302); 国家林业局南方山地用材林培育重点实验室和福建省森林培育与林产品加工利用重点实验室资助项

Contents of Some Mineral Elements and Their Resorption Efficiencies in Casuarina equisetifolia Branchlets Across a Coastal Gradient

对福建东山赤山林场不同海岸梯度上短枝木麻黄小枝中的钾(k)、钙(CA)、镁(Mg)、钠(nA)、铁(fE)、锰(Mn)和锌(zn)元素含量及其再吸收率动态进行了研究.结果表明,海岸梯度对短枝木麻黄小枝中各元素含量及其再吸收率均具有显著影响.在各海岸梯度上,k再吸收率为正值,且基干林带的再吸收率显著低于其它样地,fE和zn为负值,CA、Mg和nA再吸收率在防护林带前沿为负值,而在后沿林为正值,Mn则相反.这表明,基干林带严重的环境胁迫显著降低了短枝木麻黄小枝的养分再吸收率.短枝木麻黄成熟小枝中的k、Mg含量与其再吸收率存在显著正相关,而nA和fE与其再吸收率存在显著负相关,其它元素与其再吸收率之间没有显著相关性.除k外,各元素在衰老小枝中的含量与相应元素再吸收率之间均存在显著负相关,表明元素再吸收程度越高,其再吸收率就越高.CA、Mg、nA和fE再吸收率之间具有显著的正相关关系(P<0.01),zn除与Mn再吸收率呈显著正相关外,与其它元素均表现为负相关,Mn则与其它元素再吸收率之间没有显著相关性.因而短枝木麻黄小枝中不同类型的养分状况对其再吸收率具有不同的影响.表5参42Contents of some mineral elements and their resorption efficiencies in Casuarina equisetifolia branchlets across a coastal gradient were studied at the Chishan Forestry Center of Dongshan County,Fujian Province,China.The results showed that the distance to coast had a significant effect on the contents of mineral elements and their resorption efficiencies.Resorption efficiencies of K element(REK) were all positive across the coastal gradient,with the lowest value found at the coastline sampling site,while Fe and Zn resorption efficiencies(REFe and REZn) were all negative across the coastal gradient.Ca,Mg and Na resorption efficiencies(RECa,REMg and RENa),which were contrary to Mn(REMn),were negative in seaward plantations and positive in inland plantations.It was suggested that the resorption efficiencies of the mineral nutrients significantly decreased with severer environmental stresses.There were also significant positive correlations between the K and Mg content and their resorption efficiencies in mature branchlets while the correlations between the Na and Fe content and their resorption efficiencies were significantly negative.In senescent branchlets,the content of all the elements and their resorption efficiencies except for K were negatively correlated.In addition,the correlation was positive between REZn and REMn,while negative between REZn and resorption efficiencies of other elements.No correlation was found between REMn and resorption efficiencies of other elements.These results showed that nutrient conditions in branchlets had different effects on their resoption efficiencies for different mineral nutrients.Tab 5,Ref 42国家“十一五”重大科技支撑计划项目(No.2009BADB2B0302)资助---

木麻黄低效林不同发育阶段小枝养分和热值动态

对福建东南沿海防护林木麻黄低效林不同发育阶段小枝中养分(氮、磷)状况、内吸收率和热值的比较研究表明,木麻黄低效林小枝中氮含量分别高于正常林中相应发育阶段的小枝,而磷的含量在幼嫩小枝中低效林高于正常林,在成熟和衰老小枝中正常林高于低效林;低效林氮的内吸收效率稍低于正常林,而磷的内吸收效率则高于正常林;正常林和低效林小枝中的N:P比都高于16;低效林幼嫩和衰老小枝中的热值与正常林差别不显著,而低效林成熟小枝中的热值高于正常林。国家“十一五”科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD03A14-01);; 福建省重大科技专项(2006NZ0001-2);; 福建省森林培育与林产品加工利用重点实验室资助项