74 research outputs found

    The Poetics of Richard Wagner

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    青年瓦格纳的哲学可以称为“爱的哲学”。爱作为形而上的必然性,意味着自然中的所有个体都在必然力的推动下参与到共同体中去,由共同体实现更高级的创造,而个体在这个参与的过程中获得最终的实现和最高的满足。社会历史的发展同样遵循这个爱的原则,人类将必然地建立以全人类的兄弟关系以及由此产生的伟大创造力为主要特征的世界共同体,这个共同体中的成员将把自身感受到的必然的冲动——瓦格纳称为“纯粹人性的”或“真正的需要”——当做普世的宗教去追随。但是,人类不是从来处于理想状态的,都会经历一个从理想中迷途、之后又回归理想的过程。在人类历史中,社会形成国家,个人抛开感受性的认识而崇拜理解性的智慧,这些便是他们迷路的标志...Young Wagner’s philosophy can be called a “philosophy of love”. Love, as a metaphysical necessity, menas all things in the universe inherently, with the the force of necessity behind them, aim for joining larger unit and through the larger unit achieving higher creation and their own fulfillment. The principle love is also valid in man’s history, by the end of which shall rise the world community ...学位:文学博士院系专业:外文学院英语语言文学系_戏剧戏曲学学号:B20030100

    A Critical Study on Nietzsche's Criticism on Wagner

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    第一部分是对尼采之瓦格纳批判的归纳和解释,其中解释了尼采所谓瓦格纳艺术的“现代性“、“颓废“以及“瓦格纳是个演员“的含义,并总结了尼采在他对瓦格纳的批判中提出的自己的美学标准——一个关于生命力水平、价值取向、审美趣味和社会等级的等式。第二部分是笔者对尼采的批判所做的批注,其中的要点是:尼采对瓦格纳音乐特点的评价是以纯粹的器乐、传统歌剧和古典主义为标准来批评音乐戏剧和浪漫主义;尼采关于生命力水平、道德和审美标准的等式既没有证据支持也经受不住现实的考量;瓦格纳戏剧的内容和音乐风格是多样的,远不止尼采着力批判的那些。总之,尼采的批判既缺乏足够的对事实的尊重,更无经得住推敲的批评立场,作为文艺批评没有真正的价值。This article illustrates Nietzsche's criticism on Wagner including the explanation of Nietzsche's illustration of Wagner's "modernity", "decadence" and Nietzsche's statement of "Wagner is just an actor", and summarizes Nietzsche's aesthetic criteria derived from his criticism on Wagner, an equation regarding the level of life force, the value orientation, the aesthetic taste and caste.Simultaneously, the author of the article also makes a critical study on Nietzsche's criticism on Wagner and expounds that Nietzsche's criticism on Wagner's music theater and his romanticism has been based on the criteria of instrumental music, traditional opera and classicism.Besides, Nietzsche's equation has not been proved by proofs in reality.Actually, the script and the music of Wagner's play are various and far beyond Nietzsche's scope.Therefore, lacking of sufficient respect to the documents and reliable critical criteria, Nietzsche's literary criticism on Wagner offers little reference

    Determination for the Contents of Neu5Ac, Neu5Gc and KDN in Organ Meats and Muscle of Pigs by LC-MS/MS

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    目的:建立液相色谱-三重四级杆质谱联用法(LC-MS/MS)测定猪内脏和肌肉组织中唾液酸N-乙酰神经氨酸(Neu5Ac)、N-羟乙酰神经氨酸(Neu5Gc)和脱氨神经氨酸(KDN)浓度的分析方法。方法:将内脏肉组织匀浆后,利用三氟乙酸(TFA)将结合态的唾液酸从糖脂或糖蛋白链上解离下来后进样分析。色谱条件:色谱柱为ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18(5μm,4.6×250 mm,Waters),流动相为0.1%醋酸铵-100%乙腈(9:1),柱温:25℃,流速800μL·min~(-1),进样量20μL。质谱条件:离子源为电喷雾化离子源(ESI),扫描方式为多重反应监测(MRM),监测离子对:Neu5Ac:307.7→87.0,Neu5Gc:323.3→116.0,KDN:266.7→87.0,13C3Neu5Ac内标品:310.9→90.0。结果:Neu5Ac、Neu5Gc和KDN分别在0.1~20.0、0.05~10.00和0.005~1.000μmol·L~(-1)的浓度范围内和对照品与内标峰面积比值线性关系良好,重复性平均RSD为1.2%,稳定性平均RSD为1.9%,日间和日内精密度试验RSD均小于6.7%,平均回收率为92.9~106.4%。结论:本方法简便、快速、灵敏度高,可广泛运用于组织和体液中唾液酸的测定。Objective: To establish an LC-MS/MS method for the detection of N-acetylneuraminic acid(Neu5Ac),N-glycolylneuraminic acid(Neu5Gc) and 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galactonononic acid(KDN) in organ meats and muscle of pigs.Methods: Tissues were acid hydrolyzed with trifluoroacetic acid(TFA) to get ganglioside-bound and glycoprotein-bound sialic acid,followed by injected and analyzed. The analysis was performed on an ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18(5 μm, 4.6 ×250 mm, Waters)column, and the mobile phase consisted of 0.1 % ammonium~-100 % acetonitrile(9:1), the flow rate was 800 μL/min, the temperature was maintained at 25 ℃, injection volume was set up 20 μL. Negative electrospray ionization(ESI) and multiple reaction monitoring(MRM) mode was used, MRM: Neu5Ac: 307.7→87.0, Neu5Gc: 323.3 →116.0, KDN: 266.7→87.0, 13C3Neu5Ac(IS): 310.9→90.0.Results: The ratio of internal with standard sample peak area and content of Neu5 Ac, Neu5 Gc and KDN showed good linearity in the range of 0.1~20.0, 0.05~10.00, and 0.005~1.000 μmol/L, RSDs of the repeatability and stability were 1.2 % and 1.9 %, Intra-and inter-day RSDs were all lower than 6.7%, the recoveries of sialic acid were 92.9~106.4%. Conclusion: The established method is simple,accurate and rapid, higher sensitivity and can be applied to determination of Neu5 Gc, Neu5 Ac and KDN in tissues and fluid of animals and human.国家自然科学基金项目(31271038

    Improved recursive constructing method of Reed-Muller codes

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    一般对rEEd-MullEr码的递归构造方法是对长码进行递归分解,直到不能再分解为止,即出现无冗余码和重复码时结束分解。提出了一种针对rEEd-MullEr码的递归构造改进方法,该改进方法比常规方法在递归分解的两端均提早一步结束对码字的分解,即出现双正交码和单奇偶校验码时结束分解,并对单奇偶校验码采用系统形式。对于双正交码,利用快速哈达玛变换实现快速的最大似然译码;对于单奇偶校验码,利用该码系统形式的特殊构造实现了简化的最大似然译码算法。对改进的译码算法的复杂度进行了详细的分析,并与其他已有的算法进行对比,结果表明,该算法具有更低的复杂度,尤其对于高码率的码型。此外,性能仿真结果表明,该译码算法具有更低的误码率。Reed-Muller code can be recursively decomposed and the decomposition is conventionally ended at repetition codes and non-redundancy codes,where repetition codes and non-redundancy codes cannot be decomposed further.In this paper,we propose a modified recursive structure of Reed-Muller code in which the recursive decompositions are ended one step earlier,i.e.decompositions are ended at dual-orthogonal codes or single parity check codes.Moreover,for single parity check code,the systematic form is used.In the decoding algorithm,we use fast Hadamard transform to simplify the maximum likelihood decoding of dual-orthogonal code.We also use simplified maximum likelihood decoder to decode the systematic single parity check code through its special structure.We analyze the decoding complexity of the proposed decoding algorithm and compare the complexity with two other existing algorithms.The analysis shows that the proposed algorithm has lower complexity,especially for the high-rate codes.In addition,the simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm decreases the bit-error rate slightly.福建省自然科学基金(2013J01256); 国家自然科学基金(61271241)~

    中国国际科学合作中的”华人现象“

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    将8 个国家的合作论文分成五种类型,重点考察了中国在与8 个国家的合作中所呈现的“华人现 象”。分析表明,海外华人(包括短期在外的科研人员)在现阶段正在发挥桥梁作用,在中国国际合作中表 现得非常活跃。分析了导致“华人现象”的社会基础和政策效应

    Direct Fabrication of Ultrafine Electrospinning Nanofiber

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    采用装配有疏水铜网的新型喷头研究了超细纳米纤维的制备.静电纺丝实现之前,首先对铜网进行了疏水处理,并将其安装于喷头前端.静电纺丝过程中,聚合物溶液由精密注射泵输送至喷头处.安装于喷头的铜网可将管道内的聚合物溶液分成多股细流从铜网网孔中流出.从铜网网孔流出的溶液细流受电场力作用被拉伸成多股独立射流,并从喷头携带走聚集的正电荷.受铜网表面疏水性和射流间电荷排斥力的影响,从铜网喷射出的多股射流都将保持其独立的轨迹而不会产生聚集.疏水铜网有利于减小纺丝射流的初始直径,并获得均匀的超细纳米纤维.利用新型的电纺丝喷头成功制备了直径20~80 nM的聚氧化乙烯(PEO)和聚乙烯醇(PVA)超细纳米纤维.实验结果表明,超细纳米纤维的直径随着电纺丝溶液浓度的增加而变大.A novel spinneret assembled with Cu grid was presented in this paper to fabricate ultrafine nanofiber directly.Before electrospinning,hydrophobic treatment was performed on the Cu grid,which was then fixed at the front end of spinneret.During electrospinning,the polymer solution was transferred to the spinneret by the precise syringe pump.Through the holes in the Cu grid,polymer solution flow was divided into several smaller ones.The fine liquid flow from each hole of Cu grid was stretched into individual jets by the electric field force,and the liquid jets carried away the positive charges accumulated on the spinneret.Due to the hydrophobic treatment and the charge repulsive force between charged jets,liquid jets emanated from Cu grid kept their own tracks without aggregation.The initial diameter of liquid jet was greatly decreased by the Cu grid after hydrophobic treatment,and the smaller jet led to finer uniform nanofiber.Polyethylene oxide(PEO) and polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) ultrafine nanofiber with the diameter of 20—80 nm were fabricated by this novel spinneret,and the diameter of ultrafine nanofiber increases with the increase of polymer solution concentration.国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(51035002);国家自然科学基金资助项目(50875222

    A Primary Reading of Wagner

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    作者通过分析瓦格纳的戏剧批评作品及其音乐戏剧作品,总结出瓦格纳戏剧美学体系的五个基本原则:“纯粹人性的”和“必然的”内容,“民族精神”的特质,“整体”的艺术手段结构原则,“即兴”的创作过程,“智慧情感化”的中心任务,并详细阐释了这五条原则的内涵,指出了这些原则在瓦格纳的批评言论和艺术作品中的体现。本文的目的在于解释被称为“瓦格纳主义”的美学体系的最基础部分。This paper proposes that there are five basic principles of Richard Wagner aesthetical thought after a study of some of his prose works and music plays. They are the “purely human” and “necessary” content, the embodiment of volkgeist, the “total" application of all artistic instruments, “improvisation", and the “emotionalization of intellect". This paper aims at providing an explanation of the primary part of the so called “Wagnerism".周宁教授主持的教育部人文社会科学研究2003年度博士点基金项目“西方戏剧理论史”的成果之一,项目批准号:03JB760003

    Wagner's Criticism to His Contemporary Drama and His "Theatre of the Future"

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    瓦格纳从他的戏剧美学观念出发,指出了传统戏剧和歌剧的弊病,对戏剧的理想形式提出自己的构想。他认为传统戏剧(话剧)使用的"词汇语言"丧失了表达中的情感成分,诉诸于理智而不诉诸于情感。传统歌剧则属于"绝对音乐",用不能确切表达的音乐淹没了诗之目的。而无论话剧还是歌剧,因其内容的"国家文明"特征,都无法以戏剧的形式充分实现诗之目的。"未来的戏剧"表达"纯粹人性的"内容,因而适合于戏剧的形式;将诗与歌曲旋律结合,并加入管弦乐队旋律,不仅使表达确切充分,而且极大地提高了"智慧情感化"的程度。"瓦格纳主义"是一个由"本来应该怎样"、"现在为何如此"和"将来要怎样做"组成的完整的美学体系,作者在此诠释的是这个体系的结论部分。This essay intends to highlight the most important part of Wagnerism,the content and form of the "Theatre of the Future",and give a detailed analysis of his logic and aesthetic foundations involved,focusing on the difference between the life characterized by state civilization and the one by fulfillment of human nature,the nature of the false and true human perceptions,and the different appeals of "word-language" and "tone-language".教育部人文社会科学研究2003年度博士点基金项目“西方戏剧理论史”的阶段性成果,项目批准号:03JB76000

    黄土塬区麦田水分、氮素平衡及生产力的试验与模拟研究

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    水分和养分(特别是氮素营养)一直是制约黄土高原地区作物生产力提高的主要限制性因素。探讨不同水肥条件下冬小麦水氮利用及生产力变化规律,对于本地区麦田合理施肥及作物产量提高等具有重要意义。 本研究针对黄土塬区降水少且季节分配不均,土壤严重缺氮的特点,设置了雨养及补充灌溉条件下不同氮磷配施冬小麦种植试验,并依托长期定位施肥试验,结合DSSAT模型,通过田间试验及DSSAT模型模拟相结合的方法,对黄土塬区不同水肥条件下冬小麦生产力及水分、氮素平衡过程进行了试验研究与模型模拟,主要结论如下: (1)补充灌水及不同施肥均显著影响麦田水分平衡过程,不同处理土壤含水量随施肥水平提高而降低。氮磷配施及氮磷有机肥配施均显著降低了土壤含水量,土壤含水量随氮磷配施水平提高而减小。雨养条件下,降雨入渗深度随氮磷配施水平提高而降低,测定年份长期试验地CK,N,NP和NPM处理休闲期土壤水分入渗深度分别为220cm,200cm,180cm,160cm。 补充灌溉及不同施肥水平对冬小麦全生育期耗水量及土壤储水变化量影响显著。不同施肥处理冬小麦耗水量及土壤储水变化量大小次序均为:NPM&gt;NP&gt;N&gt;CK;与对照相比较,不同施肥处理耗水量增加13.0~40.7mm,其中,NP和NPM处理显著高于CK。补充灌溉处理冬小麦总耗水量较雨养处理增加51.7~143.5mm;耗水量随氮磷配施水平提高而增加,雨养和补充灌水条件下,不同氮磷配施处理较不施肥处理耗水量分别增加61.9~112.5mm,和112.1~183.8mm。 (2)冬小麦叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值)受施氮水平影响显著,施氮不但可以提高冬小麦SPAD值,而且能维持高SPAD值持续时间。补充灌水及氮磷配施均能够增加冬小麦地上部氮素累积量及氮素利用率,冬小麦地上部氮素积累量与施氮水平间具有显著的相关性,不同氮磷配施处理氮素积累量较对照增加83.2%~204.3%,补充灌溉氮素积累量较雨养处理增加1.3%~12.1%。不同处理0~30cm土层土壤全氮含量差异明显,以不施肥处理全氮含量最低,低氮和高氮处理均较高,但二者差别不明显。 (3)CK及单施氮肥处理二者产量均较低,其次为NP处理,较对照增产168.9%,而M,NM和NPM三个处理则对照增产260%以上;冬小麦籽粒产量随氮磷配施水平提高而增加,雨养和补充灌水条件下,氮磷配施处理分别较CK增产2530~3717 kg&middot;hm-2和2528~4533 kg&middot;hm-2,补充灌溉后籽粒产量提高2~1188 kg&middot;hm-2,表明氮磷配施的增产效果显著高于补充灌水。方差分析表明,不同施氮水平对籽粒产量影响显著,补充灌水及施磷作用不显著。不同施肥均能提高作物水分利用效率(WUE);N,NP和NPM处理水分利用效率分别较对照提高42.5%,104.4%,109.8%,其中NP和NPM处理显著高于CK和N。WUE随氮磷配施水平提高而增加,2007-2008年,氮磷配施处理WUE较不施肥处理提高4.2~7.6 kg&middot;mm-1&middot;hm-2。补充灌溉对WUE的影响主要与灌水多少及试验年降水条件有关,2007-2008年,补充灌溉处理冬小麦水分利用效率较雨养处理降低0.2~2.3 kg&middot;mm-1&middot;hm-2,但二者差异不显著,2008-2009年补充灌溉处理WUE稍高于相应的雨养处理。 不同处理冬小麦株高、叶面积和生物量等生长指标与籽粒产量有相同的变化趋势,即随施肥水平的升高,冬小麦株高、叶面积和生物量也增加。不同生育期除拔节期叶面积指数与籽粒产量间相关性不显著外,其他时期各指标与籽粒产量均显著相关。 (4)组建了黄土塬区DSSAT模型气象、土壤和作物遗传参数数据库,并利用田间实测资料对模型的相关参数进行了标定和验证。结果表明DSSAT模型能够准确模拟冬小麦生育期和冬小麦产量,模型适用于本地区作物生长模拟。 对不同施氮条件冬小麦土壤含水量动态、氮素吸收动态及冬小麦生产潜力进行了模拟研究。结果表明,土壤含水量模拟结果与实测值吻合度较高,能够反映不同土层土壤含水量变化规律及不同处理间的差异。冬小麦不同器官含氮量动态模拟结果以籽粒含氮量最好,而叶片含氮量的模拟结果相对较差。黄土塬区冬小麦24年光温生产潜力为5547~10920kg&middot;hm-2,气候生产潜力在3193~6443 kg&middot;hm-2间变化。1985~2009年间冬小麦水分满足率为0.513~0.782,表明本地区冬小麦生产力仍然有较大的提升空间。 关键词:黄土塬区;作物生产力;水分利用效率;氮素吸收;DSSAT模型</p
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