新疆欧夜鹰繁殖生态初报

欧夜鹰(Caprimulgus europaeus)属夜行性鸟类。广泛分布于新疆荒漠地区,如乌鲁木齐、阿勒泰、克拉玛依、昌吉州、吐鲁番、哈密、阿克苏、库尔勒、喀什等地区(Ma,2001)。因其繁殖行为

Development of the facility for model scramjet testing

A hypersonic propulsion test facility has been constructed in IMCAS (Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences) in order to provide a high enthalpy hypersonic flow for a model scramjet testing. The vitiated air is produced by a hydrogen/air and oxygen replenishment combustion heater with flow rate of 3.5kg/s, total pressure of 5MPa and total temperature of 2000K in maximum, and accelerated up to Mach 5.6 by a two-dimensional nozzle. Test chamber of the facility is evacuated by a one-stage central air ejector. The preliminary facility performance tests showed that the vitiated air heater could provide the high enthalpy flow as expected. A copper model scramjet without cooling is ready for testing. © 2001 The American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc. All rights reserved

Time resolved measurements of droplet preferential concentration in homogeneous isotropic turbulence without mean flow

An experimental investigation of the time-dependent spatial distribution of droplet concentration in a "box" of stationary homogeneous and isotropic turbulence without mean flow was performed for polydispersed droplet clouds with a wide range of mean droplet diameters and droplet size distributions, characterized by a representative Stokes number, based on the droplet arithmetic diameter and the Kolmogorov time scale of the flow, varying between 0.2 and 6, and for turbulent Reynolds numbers of 98, 127, 147, and 235. A novel morphological tracking scheme was used to provide temporal tracking of droplet clusters according to cluster morphological features. The tracking scheme was based on Voronoi space tessellation, multivariate kernel density estimation, and mean shift feature space tracking. The developed tracking scheme was used to establish the relationship between the morphological features of droplet clusters, i.e., number of clusters per unit area and cluster length scales, and the velocity of droplet clusters. The time scale of the droplet clusters increased with both the turbulent Reynolds number and the Stokes number, but its dependence was stronger on the turbulence level. In addition, the effect of filling factors of turbulent flows by turbulent structures on droplet clustering was discussed, which led to suggestions of potential flow control methods to mitigate droplet preferential concentration. (c) 2019 Author(s)

Application of scan pitot-pressure rake in hypersonic propulsion wind tunnel flow field measurement

在风洞实验中,为了保证实验结果的可靠性,首先需要了解流场的品质.笔者自行设计研制了用于高超声速推进风洞流场测量的带有水冷装置的可移动式扫描总压耙.对于出口截面为300mm×187mm的风洞喷管,通过计算机程序控制,可在3s时间内实现全截面间歇式或连续式扫描,最大移动速度可达250mm/s,而且定位准确.通过扫描结果,分析了流场压力均匀性、稳定性以及实验结果的可重复性,同时还给出了风洞喷管出口截面的总压与马赫数等值线图.从而为超燃冲压模型发动机实验提供参考数据

基于SODA资料的南海表层风能输入的空间分布与长期趋势研究

海面风不仅是驱动上层海洋运动的主要动力,其能量也是维持海洋表层流动的主要机械能来源。为了分析南海表层流风能输入的变化,用SODA(Simple Ocean Data Assimilation)(1901—2010)资料估算了风向南海表层流(表层地转流+表层非地转流)的能量输入。结果表明,风向南海表层流、表层地转流和表层非地转流输入的能量总体均呈减少趋势, 110年间分别减小了约56%、65%和49%。导致风能输入减小的最主要因素是风应力的减弱(减小了35%)。由于南海受季风系统的控制,风向表层流及其各成分输入的能量呈现出显著的季节性变化。冬季风能输入最强,高值区位于南海西部及北部区域,呈一个显著的\"回力镖\"状结构。这些结果对深入认识南海环流具有理论意义。国家自然科学基金项目(41676021、41541040、91228202);;近海海洋环境科学国家重点实验室开放课题(MELRS1608)~

入口参数变化条件下超声速燃烧室流动与燃烧特性数值研究

本文采用雷诺平均方法及SST k-ω湍流模型结合Westbrook等人提出的乙烯三步反应模型,数值研究了入口参数变化条件下超声速燃烧室的流动与燃烧特性。燃烧室入口马赫数在1s内从2.4线性变化到1.8,总温和总压分别保持1650K和1MPa,用来模拟飞行过程中飞行器攻角发生突变时燃烧室入口的来流变化条件。研究结果表明,在燃烧室中心区域,马赫数降低使得气流速度降低、燃料停留时间增加,燃烧更为充分。而对于接近侧壁面的区域,高马赫数时燃烧室底面/侧面的角区流动分离更为显著,形成较大的涡结构,燃料能够更好地与空气混合,并进行更充分的燃烧。由此可见,燃烧室中心区与角区的流动与燃烧机制完全不同,导致马赫数..

Molecular simulation of transport behavior of penetrant through silicon-containing polymers

选择PCFF和COMPASS分子力场对橡胶态聚合物PDMS和玻璃态聚合物PS1体系进行模拟。COMPASS力场模拟得到的体系密度,O2和N2在PDMS与PS1中扩散系数更接近实验值。在模型大小一定时,Group-based求和法中截断距离越长,耗用机时越长,但对计算结果改进不大;截断距离为1.3nm时计算结果最好。Ewald方法耗时多而对计算结果却无明显改进。体系大小对扩散系数的计算值影响甚微。体积越小的分子,在聚合物中运动的范围越大,扩散系数越大。氧气和氮气分子在PDMS与PS1中运动轨迹不同,在PS1中氧气运动范围远大于氮气,而在PDMS中氧气运动范围稍大于氮气。小分子运动轨迹基本与聚合物自由体积分布对应,自由体积分数大,扩散系数也大。PCFF and COMPASS force fields were used to describe PDMS and PS1 polymeric systems and to estimate the diffusion coefficient of N2 and O2 through the PDMS and PS1 matrices at 298 K by molecular dynamics simulation.It was found that the COMPASS force field was better in describing the transport behavior of the penetrants.The calculated densities after refinement were in good agreement with the experimental results.The group-based and Ewald summation skills were used to estimate the non-bonded interaction between atoms.Calculation using the Ewald summation method took much longer time without bringing in obvious improvement in density estimation.Various cut-offs in using the group-based summation method did not produce densities with much difference, and the cut-off of 1.3 nm was the best.Two types of diffusions of the small molecules in the polymers were discussed.The diffusion of O2 and N2 in PDMS could be transformed from anomalous to normal motion in 30 ps; while their diffusion in PS1 would take 300 ps transforming from anomalous to normal state.The trajectories of diffusion of N2 and O2 in PDMS or PS1 were different.The motion area of O2 in the PS1 was much larger than N2; however, the former in the PDMS matrix was only slightly larger than the latter.The diffusions of O2 and N2 in the PDMS and PS1 were consistent with the free volumes of polymers.国家自然科学基金项目(50573063);; 高等学校博士点专项基金项目(20050384013)。~

PDE/Scramjet组合循环发动机实验研究

本文对一种新概念的PDE/Scramjet 组合循环发动机在自由射流推进风洞中进行了实验研究。着重研究了点火、凹腔对发动机性能的影响。实验发现, 由爆轰管尾部带来的大扩张结构需要强制点火才能保证超燃发动机的稳定燃烧。此外发动机侧面凹腔的引入，对性能有利也有弊，需要进一步权衡。本文还开展了PDE/Scramjet 的联合实验，由于PDE 燃料流量只有超燃发动机的1%左右，导致PDE 对整体发动机性能贡献很小。最后，本文还采用总压恢复模型对组合循环发动机的推力阻力进行了分析

流量突变条件下煤油流动与对流传热特性实验

对流量突变条件下RP-3航空煤油的圆管流动与传热过程进行了实验研究。燃料流动与传热实验是在超临界压力为3MPa、燃料温度为300~650K、雷诺数为3 000~60 000范围内进行的。实验同步测量了圆管煤油温度、壁温、油压的沿程分布,并应用基于动量与能量守恒的非定常控制体分析方法,获得了航空煤油壁面摩阻系数与传热努塞尔数的分布。实验结果表明:当煤油温度未超过临界值(约650K)、处于过压液态时,该实验条件下的入口流量的突增或者突减过程对摩阻系数与努塞尔数的影响很小