The Research on Some Dynamic Responses of the Taiwan Strait to Typhoons

本文在改进和完善台湾海峡双向嵌套网格风暴潮和天文潮耦合数值预报模式基础上，研究了台风过程对台湾海峡海水通量的影响和受台湾海峡强化的风暴潮与天文潮相互作用。 利用浮标观测和数值模拟研究了2005年8月27日至10月5日五次台风过程对台湾海峡海水通量的影响。数值模拟结果和浮标观测表明这五次台风过程对台湾海峡及其周边海域的影响导致台湾海峡出现强的南向流和南向通量事件，改变了台湾海峡瞬时北向通量的方向。台风引起的局地风和（或）沿海峡方向水位梯度是南向通量事件的主要驱动因子。数值模拟结果显示柯氏力对这种南向通量事件起着负作用，沿海峡方向动量梯度（与平流项有关）的作用很小，可以忽略不计。 1999年在...Based on the improvement of the two-way nested coupled tide-surge model (NCTSM) for Taiwan Strait, effects of typhoon events on the transport through the Taiwan Strait and tide-surge interaction intensified by the trait were investigated in this report. Transport through the Taiwan Strait under the influence of five typhoons was investigated using both buoy observations and numerical model simula...学位：博士后院系专业：海洋与环境学院海洋学系_物理海洋学学号：200717030

The Study of Typhoon Surge and Its Numerical Prediction Model in the Taiwan Strait

本文以实测潮位资料为基础详细分析了福建沿海台风暴潮的主要特征；在分析台湾海峡风暴潮、潮汐及地形特点的基础上，研制出台湾海峡双向嵌套网格风暴潮-天文潮耦合数值预报模式，并以实测资料对该模式进行了全面检验；利用该模式研究了台湾海峡风暴潮时空分布变化特征及其形成机制、风暴潮与天文潮的非线性相互作用和风暴潮数值模式计算中的小网格尺度效应。主要研究内容及结论如下。 通过分析1960-2001年正面登陆我国东南沿海的台风在福建沿海所引起的风暴潮，揭示了福建沿海风暴潮特征及其可能形成机制。台湾海峡特殊地形对福建沿海风暴潮的时空分布有明显影响。台风大风区在台湾海峡的位置及范围对福建沿海台风增水幅度有重要作用...Main characteristics of typhoon surges along Fujian Province are obtained and analyzed from tide level observations. A two-way nested coupled tide-surge prediction model is developed for the Taiwan Strait in view of the particularity of storm surge, tide and bathymetry. Using this model, the spatio-temporal characteristic distributions of storm surges and their generative mechanisms, the interacti...学位：理学博士院系专业：海洋与环境学院环境科学与工程系_环境科学学号：B20033400

Numerical Study on Tides in the Taiwan Strait and its Adjacent Areas

建立二维潮波模式,模拟了台湾海峡及其邻近海域(18~30°n,110~130°E)八个主要分潮(M2、S2、k1、O1、P1、Q1、k2、n2),并利用中国大陆及环台湾岛20多个潮位站的实测资料进行验证,计算结果与实测值吻合良好。此外,给出了八个主要分潮的同潮图,并逐个讨论了潮汐特征。结果显示:(1)台湾海峡中的潮波运动是北部蜕化了的旋转潮波系统和南部的前进潮波系统共同作用的结果。(2)半日分潮南、北两支潮波在台湾海峡中部汇合,而全日分潮则在台湾海峡南部海域汇合后继续朝西南方向传播。(3)半日分潮振幅最高值发生在福建省湄洲湾—兴化湾一带,全日分潮最高值则出现在雷州半岛以东一带近岸海域。(4)n2、k2和O1、P1、Q1分潮的振幅、迟角分布分别同M2与k1分潮的整体分布趋势相似。Diurnal and semi-diurnal tides in the Taiwan Strait and its adjacent areas are calculated by using a two-dimensional finite-difference model.Compared with data of more than 20 observation stations around the Taiwan Strait,the model-produced results agree quite well with those of previous researches using observational data from coastal tidal gauge stations.According to the results,the co-tidal and co-range charts are given.Furthermore,the characteristics of 8 major tidal constituents have been illuminated respectively.The result shows that:(1) The tide motion can be attributed to the interaction between the degenerative rotary tidal system in the north and the progressive tidal system in the south.(2) The southward and northward tidal waves of semi-diurnal tide converge in the middle of the Taiwan Strait while the diurnal tidal waves propagate southwestward through the Taiwan Strait and the Luzon Strait.(3) The maximum amplitude of semi-diurnal tides exists at the area between the Meizhou Bay and Xinghua Bay,and that of diurnal tides appears in the region to the east of the Leizhou Peninsula.(4) The patterns of co-tidal and co-range charts of N2,K2 and P1,Q1 tidal constituents are similar to those of M2,S2 and K1,O1 tidal constituents,respectively.supportedbytheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChinaundercontractNos.40576015;40810069004and40821063;bythekeyresearchprojectofFujianProvinceundercontractNo.2004N203;bytheFujiandemonstratingregionofthe“863”ProjectoftheMinistryofScienceandTechnologyofChin

人乳头瘤病毒16型假病毒中和实验的建立和初步应用

探讨了应用多质粒磷酸钙共转染方法在293FT细胞中生产HPV16(human papillomavirus type 16)假病毒。蛋白印迹检测显示在转染后细胞的裂解上清中具有很好的L1蛋白活性,通过透射电镜可观察到形态与天然病毒粒子相似的假病毒颗粒。对293FT细胞的感染实验显示,该假病毒可有效将EGFP报告质粒导入靶细胞中进行表达,经测定其滴度约为2×107TU/mL。通过与4株HPV16对照单抗的中和实验证明该假病毒可有效应用于中和实验。应用该方法从18株抗HPV16L1的单克隆抗体中鉴定获得了2株中和单抗3D10、PD1。所建立的HPV16假病毒生产和中和实验方法具有快速高效、低成本和易于检测的优点,适于进行较大规模应用,为快速准确鉴定HPV16中和单抗和候选疫苗的免疫保护效果提供了有效手段

Strong southward transport events due to typhoons in the Taiwan Strait

Transport through the Taiwan Strait under the influence of five typhoons was investigated using both buoy observations and numerical model simulations during the period of 27 August to 5 October 2005. The results show that the effects of typhoons on the Taiwan Strait and its adjacent sea area caused strong southward transport events in the Taiwan Strait, which changed the direction of the Taiwan Strait northward transport temporarily. Typhoon-generated local wind stress and/or along-strait water level gradient were the direct driving factors in these southward transport events. The numerical results show that the Coriolis force made a negative contribution to these events and the contribution of the along-strait momentum gradient was insignificant.China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [20070420745]; Science Foundation of Fujian Province [2009J01223]; National High-Tech Research and Development [2006AA09A302-6

Tide-surge Interaction Intensified by the Taiwan Strait

The Taiwan Strait is a long and wide shelf-channel where the hydrodynamics is extremely complex, being characterized by strong tides, and where storm surges frequently occur during the typhoon season. Obvious oscillations due to tide-surge interaction were observed by tide gauges along the northern Fujian coast, the west bank of the Taiwan Strait, during Typhoon Dan (1999). Numerical experiments indicate that nonlinear bottom friction (described by the quadratic formula) is a major factor to predict these oscillations while the nonlinear advective terms and the shallow water effect have little contribution. It is found that the tide-surge interaction in the northern portion of the Taiwan Strait is intensified by the strait. Simulations based on simplified topographies with and without the island of Taiwan show that, in the presence of the island, the channel effect strengthens tidal currents and tends to align the major axes of tidal ellipses along the channel direction. Storm-induced currents are also strengthened by the channel. The pattern of strong tidal currents and storm induced currents along the channel direction enhances tide-surge interaction via the nonlinear bottom friction, resulting in the obvious oscillations along the northern Fujian coast.Science Foundation of Fujian Province [2009J01223]; National High-tech RD Program [2006AA09A302-6]; National Oceanographic Partnership Program [N00014-06-1-0945

Study on sea level variability in off shore Fujian

利用福建沿海几个主要验潮站数据与法国空间局(CNES)AVISO多卫星融合资料分析了福建近海及其周边海域海平面的时、空变化特征及主要模态,并简要分析福建近海海平面变化趋势.得到如下结论:近54a(1960~2013年)福建沿海相对海平面上升约2 mm/a,福建沿海海平面变化存在显著的季节变化和2~3a及6~8a的年际变化特征,这与ENSO和长周期天文分潮的变化周期较为吻合;对比同期卫星高度计资料和潮位站资料(1993~2012年)发现,卫星高度计与潮位站分析结果基本一致;卫星高度计和潮位站分析结果表明,福建沿海区域海平面近20a平均线性变化趋势约为4 mm/a.Based on the observations of tide gauge stations and the sea level anomaly( SLA) data obtained from the Archiving,Validation and Interpretation of Satellite Oceanographic( AVISO),the seasonal and inter-annual variations and the long-term trend of the SLA in off shore Fujian were investigated. The results show that the sea level has a significant seasonal variations with regional characteristics in this areas. There was an obvious trend in the sea level rising at an average rate of 2 mm / a during the period of 54 years in 1960 ~ 2013,observed by 4 tide gauge stations along the Fujian coast. Characterized by remarkable seasonal and inter-annual variations in periods of 2 ~3 years and 6 ~ 8 years,the sea level changes are consistent with those of ENSO cycles and long period astronomical tides,respectively. The results obtained from satellite altimeter measurements are in good agreement with the observations of tide gauges. The analyses,with data from the satellite altimeter and the gauge stations,show a rate of 4 mm / a sea level rising in off shore Fujian during the period of 1993 ~ 2012.国家自然科学基金资助项目(41076002;41276007);; 国家海洋局“气候变化对海洋经济可持续发展影响”资助项目;国家海洋局东海分局青年科技基金资助项目(201514);; 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(厦门大学“校长基金”)资助项目(2013121047

USING SST OF THE PACIFIC TO FORECAST THE FREQUENCY OF TROPICAL CYCLONE ON THE NORTHWEST PACIFIC

本文利用1950～2000年全球月平均海表温度,计算分析海表温度与西北太平洋热带气旋频数之间的相关性,确定太平洋海表温度与西北太平洋热带气旋相关性好的海域作为预测模式的相关海区。从相关海区中选取代表格点海表温度资料构造出综合预测因子。利用综合预测因子建立一无线性和一元多项式非线性预测模式。经检验,两种模式预测效果较为理想。因此,利用太平洋海表温度与西北太平洋热带气旋频数的相关性建立预测模式作西北太平洋热带气旋频数预测是可行的。同时发现,经过以上方法建立的线性模式和非线性模式预测结果相差甚微,表明西北太平洋热带气旋频数与前一年太平洋某些海区海表温度经以上方法得到的综合预测因子之间线性相关性较为明显。In this paper, we have calculated and analyzed the correlation coefficient between the sea-surface temperature (SST) and the frequency of tropical cyclone on the Northwest Pacific by using the global SST from 1951 to 2000, and have determined some sea areas where the correlation between the SST and the frequency of tropical cyclone on the Northwest Pacific is good. From these areas, the SST data on some representative points have been selected to form a aggregative forecasting factor. Using the factor, we have formed a simple linear model and a one-variable polynomial nonlinear model. The tests of the two models show that they are both fairly effective. At the same time, we find that the forecasted results of the two models are almost the same, which shows that the linear correlation between the frequency of tropical cyclone on the Northwest Pacific and the aggregative forecasting factor made of the SST of the Pacific is more obvious

Remote Sensing Study of Sea Surface Wind Field Around Taiwan Island During Typhoon Periods

利用1999~2005年QuikSCAT卫星遥感资料,对台风期间三种台风路径下台湾岛周边海域海面风场变化特征及成因进行了分析.结果表明,尽管台风强度被不同程度低估,台风中心附近风向反演受降雨影响明显,但遥感海面风场的大致形态仍较为合理.地形对风场特征的形成有着显著作用,它导致了台湾海峡内大风(>10 m/s)天气提前出现、中央山脉两侧背风槽(或诱生低压)形成、中央山脉两端下风面“角流”形成等现象.海峡内大风天气是否提前出现与台风中心的位置有关.不同台风路径下,“角流”和背风槽的位置和范围不同.The QuikSCAT remote sensing data from 1999 to 2005 were used to study the features and mechanisms of sea surface wind fields around Taiwan Island during typhoon periods.Twelve westward or northwestward typhoons were selected,and separated into three categories due to the situation of typhoon track and Taiwan Island.Three typhoons were analyzed in detail as typical cases of three categories.The result showed: The strength of typhoons were underestimated to different extent and the wind direction retrieval near the typhoon center was influenced seriously by rain,however the general pattern of remote sensing wind fields were reasonable.Terrain had prominent effects on the formation of wind field features;it caused some interesting phenomena,such as strong wind(>10 m/s) appearing earlier in Taiwan Strait,the formation of leeward trough and "corner flow" to the flanks of Center Mountain Range(CMR) and downstream of the tips of CMR respectively.Whether the strong winds appeared earlier still depended on the location of the typhoon center.Along different category of tracks,the location and scope of "corner flow" and leeward trough were different.福建省科技厅重大专项(2004NZ03);; “863”计划重大专项(2003AA604)福建示范区资

Assessing the Areal Variation of Mangrove Coverage Forests in the Jiulongjiang Estuary of Fujian China with Remote Sensing Data

将lAndSAT MSS/TM/ETM数据与中国环境与灾害监测预报小卫星(HJ-1A/b)数据相结合,同时融合光谱信息、地学特征、纹理特征等多种信息,利用最大似然分类方法,提取了以福建省九龙江口红树林省级自然保护区为重点的九龙江口从20世纪70年代至2010年近40年间红树林面积的变化信息.结果表明九龙江口红树林面积在近40年呈现出减少(20世纪70—80年代)、缓慢增加(20世纪80—90年代)以及大幅度增长(2000年以后)3个主要阶段.其中人为活动(围垦、人工造林等)是九龙江口红树林面积大幅震荡的关键因子.By using the data of LANDSAT MSS/TM/ETM satellite and the Chinese environment and disaster monitoring satellite HJ-1A/B,the areal variation of mangrove coverage in the Jiulongjiang Estuary of Fujian province was investigated.Five multi-bands images were collected in 1976,1983,2002,2006 and 2010,respectively.The approach of maximum likelihood classification was used to detect mangrove from the images.It was found that the area of mangrove was likely decreasing during the period of 1970s-1980s(--60% drop).Recovery initiated during 1980s-2000s,and significant spread of mangrove occurred in the 2000s.The area of mangrove coverage in 2010 in the study region was about two times of the value in 1983.Such a highly variable temporal pattern was clearly different from that expected under natural forcing(--+4% annual change),suggesting that it was predominantly induced by human activities.国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)前期研究专项(2009CB426306