Iron and manganese oxides enhance electron output efficiency of Clostridium pasteurianum

[Background] Fermentative dissimilatory metal-reducing bacteria, which are capable of reducing metallic oxides, get energy from fermentation. Little is known about how metallic oxides affect electron output efficiency of fermentative dissimilatory metal-reducing microorganisms. [Objective] This study was conducted to explore the influence of iron and manganese oxides (Fe_2O_3/MNO_2) on electron output efficiency. [Methods] Different concentrations of Fe_2O_3/MNO_2 were added into fermented system containing glucose and inoculated 5% C. pasteurianum. Electrochemical activity of C. pasteurianum was detected. The concentrations of Fe(Ⅱ) and Mn(Ⅱ) were measured by ferrozine spectrophotometry and formaldoxime method. Fermentation substrate and metabolites of C. pasteurianum were detected by gas chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. Lastly, we calculated the electron output efficiency. [Results] The current density peaked with the value of about 0.93 mA/m~2. The concentrations of Fe(Ⅱ) and Mn(Ⅱ) gradually accumulated. The consumption of glucose was increased by 9.4%/7.7%, Meanwhile, acetate production was increased by 37.5%/25.0%, and butyrate production was increased by 22.7%/6.8%. Additionally, hydrogen production was increased by 21.6%/9.8%, and the total electron output efficiency was increased by 24.27%/10.82%, respectively. The pH values between experimental group and control are no significant difference. [Conclusion] This study shows that iron and manganese oxides can improve the electron output efficiency of C. pasteurianum by increasing glucose consumption and buffering pH value. The results provide evidence for revealing the effects of multivalent metal oxides on the electron output of fermentative dissimilatory metal-reducing bacteria, and further expand our understanding of the interaction mechanism between multivalent metal oxides and fermentative dissimilatory metal-reducing bacteria.</p

Determination of Buprofezin, Methamidophos, Acephate, and Triazophos Residues in Chinese Tea Samples by Gas Chromatography

建立了同时测定茶叶中噻嗪酮、甲胺磷、乙酰甲胺磷和三唑磷4种农药残留量的测定方法。在45℃加温条件下,用乙酸乙酯 正己烷混合溶剂提取及活性炭色谱柱净化,用不同配比的乙酸乙酯 正己烷混合液梯度洗脱待测组分,以DB 210毛细管色谱柱分离、氮磷检测器测定。结果表明,上述4种农药在10min内能很好地分离;样品加标回收率(n=3)为73 4%～96 9%。方法的变异系数为2.49%～3.35%,茶叶(干重)中4种农药的定量检测下限为7 0～12 0μg/kg。A method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of buprofezin, methamidophos, acephate and triazophos residues in Chinese tea samples. The pesticide residues were extracted from tea samples with a mixture of ethyl acetate and n-hexane (50∶50, v/v) at 45 ℃. The extracts were subsequently treated with a column packed with 40 mg of active carbon by gradient elution with ethyl acetate and n-hexane. Buprofenzin and the three (organophosphorus) pesticides were analyzed by gas chromatography using a DB-210 capillary column and a nitrogen-phosphorus detector. The recoveries for spiked standards were 73.4%-96.9%. The relative standard deviations were all within 4.63%. The limits of quantitation (3σ) in the tea samples were about 7.0-12.0 μg/kg.福建省自然科学基金重点项目(B0220001)

Well Width Dependence of Band Gap Renormalization of Single ZnO/MgZnO Quantum Well

通过室温下的时间积分光致发光(Pl)谱,研究了阱宽lW渐变的znO/Mg0.1zn0.9O单量子阱在高激发强度下的能带重正化与阱宽的关系。实验中光生载流子浓度为n=1.6x1014CM-2,在lW从2.3 nM渐变到4.3 nM,Pl谱峰位的红移量从5.9 MEV变化到97.1 MEV。红移量随阱宽增大而增加,但增加率却逐渐减少。当lW>2αb(αb,znO体材料激子玻尔半径,约为2 nM)时,红移量逐渐呈现出饱和的趋势(100 MEV)。研究发现峰位的红移是由于多体效应所导致的能隙收缩以及在高的激发强度下带内填充效应的这两种机理相互竞争的结果。Band gap renormalization of ZnO/Mg0.1Zn0.9O single quantum well(QW) with gradual well width(Lw) is studied by room-temperature time integrated photoluminescence(PL) spectra at high excitation power density.The photo-generated carrier density is n=1.6×1014 cm-2 and the magnitude of red shift of PL spectrum peak increases from 5.9 meV to 97.1 meV with Lw changing from 2.3 nm to 4.3 nm.With Lw increaseing,the red shift increases but the increase rate gradually decreases.When Lw>2αB(αB,the exciton Bohr radius of ZnO bulk,is about 2 nm),the red shift starts to be gradually saturated.It is found that the red shift is the competition result of energy gap contraction due to many body effect and intraband filling effect at high excitation power density.The result is useful for designing and application of ZnO QW-based optoelectronic devices.国家973计划(2004CB719804);国家自然科学基金(60876007);广州市科技局推荐项目(2005Z3-C7451)资助课

地方政府投资的资产效应分析

由厦门大学财政系提供的2003年国有资产监管体制与公共财政制度改革国际会议论文集21国内多数经济学者对政府投资（包括地方政府投资）的研究主要限于其需求效应方面的分析，侧重于政府投资对增加社会总需求的作用。本文则首次提出地方政府投资的资产效应概念，在此基础上构建了一个三维向量的综合评价模型，试图通过对地方经营性国有资产的存量分析来透析我国各地方政府投资的资产效率状况。通过具体的实证分析，发现我国各地方政府投资所引致的经营性国有资产存在规模扩张与结构劣化、质量不高并存的现象，而且不同地区经营性国有资产的综合质量水平存在着巨大的差异

中国物理海洋学研究70年：发展历程、学术成就概览

本文概略评述新中国成立70年来物理海洋学各分支研究领域的发展历程和若干学术成就。中国物理海洋学研究起步于海浪、潮汐、近海环流与水团,以及以风暴潮为主的海洋气象灾害的研究。随着国力的增强,研究领域不断拓展,涌现了大量具有广泛影响力的研究成果,其中包括:提出了被国际广泛采用的"普遍风浪谱"和"涌浪谱",发展了第三代海浪数值模式;提出了"准调和分析方法"和"潮汐潮流永久预报"等潮汐潮流的分析和预报方法;发现并命名了"棉兰老潜流",揭示了东海黑潮的多核结构及其多尺度变异机理等,系统描述了太平洋西边界流系;提出了印度尼西亚贯穿流的南海分支(或称南海贯穿流);不断完善了中国近海陆架环流系统,在南海环流、黑潮及其分支、台湾暖流、闽浙沿岸流、黄海冷水团环流、黄海暖流、渤海环流,以及陆架波方面均取得了深刻的认识;从大气桥和海洋桥两个方面对太平洋–印度洋–大西洋洋际相互作用进行了系统的总结;发展了浅海水团的研究方法,基本摸清了中国近海水团的分布和消长特征与机制,在大洋和极地水团分布及运动研究方面也做出了重要贡献;阐明了南海中尺度涡的宏观特征和生成机制,揭示了中尺度涡的三维结构,定量评估了其全球物质与能量输运能力;基本摸清了中国近海海洋锋的空间分布和季节变化特征,提出了地形、正压不稳定和斜压不稳定等锋面动力学机制;构建了"南海内波潜标观测网",实现了对内波生成–演变–消亡全过程机理的系统认识;发展了湍流的剪切不稳定理论,提出了海流"边缘不稳定"的概念,开发了海洋湍流模式,提出了湍流混合参数化的新方法等;在海洋内部混合机制和能量来源方面取得了新的认识,并阐述了混合对海洋深层环流、营养物质输运等过程的影响;研发了全球浪–潮–流耦合模式,推出一系列海洋与气候模式;发展了可同化主要海洋观测数据的海洋数据同化系统和用于ENSO预报的耦合同化系统;建立了达到国际水准的非地转(水槽/水池)和地转(旋转平台)物理模型实验平台;发展了ENSO预报的误差分析方法,建立了海洋和气候系统年代际变化的理论体系,揭示了中深层海洋对全球气候变化的响应;初步建成了中国近海海洋观测网;持续开展南北极调查研究;建立了台风、风暴潮、巨浪和海啸的业务化预报系统,为中国气象减灾提供保障;突破了国外的海洋技术封锁,研发了万米水深的深水水听器和海洋光学特性系列测量仪器;建立了溢油、危险化学品漂移扩散等预测模型,为伴随海洋资源开发所带来的风险事故的应急处理和预警预报提供科学支撑。文中引用的大量学术成果文献(每位第一作者优选不超过3篇)显示,经过70年的发展,中国物理海洋学研究培养了一支实力雄厚的科研队伍,这是最宝贵的成果。这支队伍必将成为中国物理海洋学研究攀登新高峰的主力军

Contrast of a Few Calculating Methods on Fall Velocity of Water Drops Lei A’lin

该文介绍了目前国内外具有代表性的几种计算水滴降落速度的方法，并分别对其优劣进行了详尽地分析与比较，从而优选出适于人工模拟降雨实验室用的水滴降落速度计算方法

一种褐藻中岩藻黄素的提取纯化方法

本发明涉及一种褐藻中岩藻黄素的提取纯化方法，包括有初提样品制备、甲醇溶解、柱层析分离和HPLC纯化步骤。本发明提供了一种安全低毒、经济环保的岩藻黄素制备方案。本发明首次采用硅藻土做柱填料分离岩藻黄素。硅藻土具有价格经济、绿色环保的特点。同时使用食用石油醚分离，降低了最终产品中有毒物质的残留。经硅藻土分离后，即可得低成本、安全健康的岩藻黄素保健品原料。再经高效液相色谱分离纯化后，便可得到色谱纯岩藻黄素。本发明为满足国内外高纯度岩藻黄素市场提供了安全低毒的分离技术，大大提高了褐藻类水产品的附加值，具有重要的经济价值

Brown algae crag algae flavins extracting and purifying method

本发明涉及一种褐藻中岩藻黄素的提取纯化方法，包括有初提样品制备、甲醇溶解、柱层析分离和HPLC纯化步骤。本发明提供了一种安全低毒、经济环保的岩藻黄素制备方案。本发明首次采用硅藻土做柱填料分离岩藻黄素。硅藻土具有价格经济、绿色环保的特点。同时使用食用石油醚分离，降低了最终产品中有毒物质的残留。经硅藻土分离后，即可得低成本、安全健康的岩藻黄素保健品原料。再经高效液相色谱分离纯化后，便可得到色谱纯岩藻黄素。本发明为满足国内外高纯度岩藻黄素市场提供了安全低毒的分离技术，大大提高了褐藻类水产品的附加值，具有重要的经济价值

Method for recycling spilled oil at sea on basis of robot

本发明公开一种基于机器人海上溢油回收的方法，具体地说是一种在海上溢油事故发生后，使用机器人自主完成溢油回收的方法；它主要利用母船、溢油回收机器人、局域差分GPS系统、围油栏及吸油材料进行操作，当事故发生后，母船驶往漏油海域，用围油栏将溢油围控，并在围油栏内侧布置吸油材料；机器人使命下载完成后，将其布放在围油栏区域内，机器人在围油栏上布置的局域差分GPS系统指引下自主完成溢油回收作业；本发明具有操作简便、安全可靠，经济性好、溢油回收效率高、海况适应能力强的特点，适合海上溢油回收作业

Shelter Preference of Megalopae and First Juvenile of Mud Crab,Scylla paramamosain(Estampador,1949)

【中文摘要】 采用实验生态方法,以攀附率为指标,研究了青蟹大眼幼体和第Ⅰ期仔蟹对不同材质(棉布、尼龙筛绢、PVC和竹木)、放置方式(水平或垂直)和构型(3种结构×3种规格)隐蔽物的选择性.结果表明:大眼幼体和仔蟹对各种隐蔽物材质选择差异不显著(p>0.05),对垂直放置隐蔽物的选择性显著高于水平放置者(p<0.01),对不同结构(草丛型、洞穴型和折角型)和不同规格(5,7和10 mm)隐蔽物选择差异均极显著(p<0.01).其中,对草丛型、洞穴型和折角型隐蔽物的选择性依次降低,对5,7和10 mm隐蔽物的选择性也依次降低.随着规格增大,大眼幼体和仔蟹对草丛型隐蔽物的选择性下降幅度最大,对5 mm草丛型隐蔽物的攀附率为30.92%和25.9%,对10 mm草丛型的仅为0.46%和1.4%.综上所述,在研制或使用青蟹大眼幼体和仔蟹的隐蔽物时,材质选择主要应考虑耐腐蚀、对水质无不良影响、不易钩挂幼体和仔蟹附肢等因素.隐蔽物的结构以草丛型为佳,当其亚结构的最小空隙接近大眼幼体或仔蟹全长时,应可达到最好的使用效果. 【英文摘要】 There are two important stages in the development process of mud crab Scylla paramamosain:megalopae and first juveniles.In the present study,the two stages of S.paramamosain were collected to investigate their preferences of different materials(cloth,net,PVC and bamboo sheet),layouts and conformations(3 structures × 3 sizes) shelters by employing experimental ecological methods based on the index of sheltering rates.The results showed that there was no obvious preference of different materials for megalopae...国家863计划项目(2006AA10A406)资