22 research outputs found
Cellulase Production by Solid-state Fermentation and Saccharification Using the Fibre of the Energy Plant Erianthus arundinaceum
作者简介:张树河(1975 年—),男, 助理研究员。研究方向: 能源植物的选育及转化制生物燃料。 通讯作者: 龙敏南, E-mail:[email protected][中文文摘]以能源植物斑茅(Erianthus arundinaceus)为材料,对其纤维成分、产酶条件和糖化条件进行了分析。结果表明:斑茅含有纤维素43.77%、半纤维素28.57%、木质素11.01%;对斑茅进行预处理后,纤维中纤维素的含量提高至72.54%,半纤维素含量降低至13.02%,木质素的含量降低至3.34%。利用预处理的斑茅纤维进行固态发酵产酶,其最佳的产酶条件为:茅麸比1∶3,固液比1∶2,氮源(脲)0.75%,初始pH 5.0,32℃发酵培养72 h;相对于利用未经预处理的斑茅纤维为原料,其FPA酶活提高210.9%,达到20.74 U/g,CMC酶活提高239.1%,达到218.26 U/g。以纤维素酶对斑茅纤维进行糖化,糖化率达到40.60%。[英文文摘]Using energy plant Erianthus arundinaceus as the material,we analysed the fiber composition,enzyme production conditions and saccharification.The results showed that Erianthus arundinaceus consisted of 43.77% cellulose,28.57% hemicellulose and 11.01% lignin.After pretreatment,the cellulose content increased to 72.54%,while the hemicellulose and lignin content decreased to 13.02% and 3.34%,respectively.The optimal condition for solid-state fermentation to produce cellulase was: ratio of pretreated cellulose fibre to wheat bran 1 ∶ 3, ratio of solid to liquid 1:2, nitrogen source(urea)0.75%, initial pH 5.0, temperature 32 ℃ and fermentation time 72 h.
When using the pretreated fibre as the carbon source, the FPA activity and CMC activity increased 210.9% and 239.1%, respectively. The pretreated fibre was used for saccharification under the optimal condition with a yield of 40.60%.国际科技合作重点项目(No.2009DFA60930);; 国家自然科学基金(No.31170067)资
Preliminary Analysis of Ethanol Production of Sugarcane Varieties (Clones) in Crushing Season
对福建省蔗区示范和推广的5个甘蔗品种(系)在榨季期间产酒精量进行了分析,结果表明:(1)所有品种(系)产酒精量随成熟期不同而变化,到成熟高峰期产酒精量达到最高值,这一变化趋势与甘蔗蔗糖分累积的变化曲线相似。(2)其中闽糖86-05、闽糖92-142、新台糖16号、闽糖93-246和闽糖70-611,每吨原料蔗产酒精量分别为113.04、109.2、106.95、106.52和97.82l。The ethanol production of 5 sugarcane varieties(clones),which are demonstrated and developed in the sugarcane area of Fujian,are analysed during the crushing season.The results showed that:(a)the ethanol production fluctuated with the mature period,and the highest ethanol production were achieved at the maturing peak.This increasing trend of ethanol production is corresponding to its sugar content accumulating curve.(b) Their productions of Mintang86-05,92-142,ROC16,Mintang93-246 and 70-611 of sugarcane per ton are 113.04,109.22,106.95,106.52 and 97.82 L,respectively.福建省科技平台项目(2006H0091)资
黄河三角洲盐碱地毛叶苕子不同还田方式下腐解及养分释放特征
绿肥在盐碱地土壤结构改良和地力提升上具有独特优势,但在黄河三角洲地区的相关研究较缺乏。通过种植试验和尼龙网袋模拟腐解试验,探究毛叶苕子作绿肥的养分供应能力以及在免耕覆盖和翻压2种还田方式下的腐解、养分释放特征,以期为其合理利用提供参考。结果表明,黄河三角洲盐碱地种植毛叶苕子还田可以在较大程度上提供后茬玉米所需的氮、钾,但磷供应较少。2种还田方式均表现为前期腐解和养分释放速率快,后期腐解和养分释放速率明显降低的趋势,养分累积释放率为钾>氮>碳>磷。至还田81 d,覆盖还田和翻压还田的腐解率分别为53.7%和74.8%,碳、氮、磷、钾释放率分别为75.6% ~ 81.0%、77.1% ~ 81.2%、59.8% ~ 63.2%、 80.1% ~ 93.8%。与免耕覆盖还田相比,翻压还田的累积腐解率和前期的腐解速率显著较高。2种还田方式的养分释放水平相当,但覆盖还田下各养分的快速释放期均短于翻压还田,持续供应养分能力更好。从保护土壤墒情和减少能源消耗的角度,毛叶苕子免耕覆盖还田具有一定优势,但可能受后期降雨、风等自然条件的影响更大,需要综合考虑和进一步的验证
Saccharification of Erianthus arundinaceum Fibers by Liquid Enzymatic Digestion
采用斑茅纤维为原料,用2%nAOH和1%H2O2进行预处理,探讨纤维素酶液态发酵法糖化工艺的优化,分析糖化材料、时间、PH、纤维用量、温度和转速等单因素对纤维素产糖的影响。结果表明:糖化材料用2%nAOH和1%H2O2处理,反应时间在28~30H,PH在4.5~5.5,纤维用量在4~6g,温度在50~55℃,转速约为180r·MIn-1时斑茅纤维水解的效果最好。通过正交试验设计确定最佳糖化条件:糖化温度52℃、时间30H、纤维用量5g、PH 6.0,糖化率达到45.21%。Liquid digestion of Erianthus arundinaceum fibers in the solution containing 2%NaOH and 1%H2O2to achieve the desired cellulase saccharification was studied.Effect of the substrates,digestion time,pH,fiber content,temperature and agitation speed on the process were analyzed.The conditions studied for the fiber hydrolysis included the applications of 2% NaOH and 1%H2O2,28 to 30hof reaction time,pH4.5to 5.5,4to 6gof fiber,temperatures between 50℃ and 55℃,and agitation speeds of approximately 180r· min-1.The orthogonal experiment indicated the optimal conditions to reach a saccharification rate of 45.21% were 30 h,pH6.0,5g fiber and 52℃.国家甘蔗产业技术体系建设项目(CARS-20-6-1
黄河三角洲盐碱地毛叶苕子不同还田方式下腐解及养分释放特征
绿肥在盐碱地土壤结构改良和地力提升上具有独特优势,但在黄河三角洲地区的相关研究较缺乏。通过种植试验和尼龙网袋模拟腐解试验,探究毛叶苕子作绿肥的养分供应能力以及在免耕覆盖和翻压2种还田方式下的腐解、养分释放特征,以期为其合理利用提供参考。结果表明,黄河三角洲盐碱地种植毛叶苕子还田可以在较大程度上提供后茬玉米所需的氮、钾,但磷供应较少。2种还田方式均表现为前期腐解和养分释放速率快,后期腐解和养分释放速率明显降低的趋势,养分累积释放率为钾>氮>碳>磷。至还田81 d,覆盖还田和翻压还田的腐解率分别为53.7%和74.8%,碳、氮、磷、钾释放率分别为75.6% ~ 81.0%、77.1% ~ 81.2%、59.8% ~ 63.2%、 80.1% ~ 93.8%。与免耕覆盖还田相比,翻压还田的累积腐解率和前期的腐解速率显著较高。2种还田方式的养分释放水平相当,但覆盖还田下各养分的快速释放期均短于翻压还田,持续供应养分能力更好。从保护土壤墒情和减少能源消耗的角度,毛叶苕子免耕覆盖还田具有一定优势,但可能受后期降雨、风等自然条件的影响更大,需要综合考虑和进一步的验证
毛叶苕子对滨海盐碱地土壤活性有机碳和后茬玉米产量的影响
黄河三角洲地区土壤盐渍化严重,加之冬春季节降雨量少,淡水资源匮乏,耕地冬春休耕现象普遍。于2020年9月-2021年10月,以冬春休耕为对照,研究种植翻压毛叶苕子对土壤理化性质、活性有机碳组分动态变化和后茬作物玉米产量的影响,以期为覆盖植物在黄河三角洲地区盐碱地产能提升方面的应用提供参考。结果表明,在1年试验期内,与冬春休耕相比,种植毛叶苕子可以降低土壤EC,提高易氧化有机碳(ROC)含量,翻压后则显著降低pH,并提高土壤养分和活性有机碳含量。与休耕相比,试验期内毛叶苕子处理平均pH降低0.12,平均土壤总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、有机碳(SOC)、ROC、可溶性有机碳(DOC)含量和ROC/SOC分别提高15.1%、5.5%、 6.3%、99.1%、8.2%和89.9%,平均EC则基本持平。毛叶苕子处理的后茬玉米籽粒产量提高15.9%,增产效果显著。主成分分析结果表明,玉米产量与土壤TN、SOC、DOC、ROC呈正相关,与pH、EC呈负相关。毛叶苕子翻压后,土壤有机碳各组分含量与TN和pH的相关关系增强,与TN呈显著正相关,与pH呈显著负相关。种植翻压毛叶苕子后土壤TN升高和土壤pH降低,提升了土壤有机碳和活性有机碳含量,综合作用使后茬玉米产量提高。在黄河三角洲地区,相对于冬春休耕,冬春季种植毛叶苕子对土壤改良和后茬作物产量提升优势明显,可考虑作为盐碱地综合利用的优选模式