Olfactory dysfunction and olfactory training

新冠病毒出现以来，流行毒株几经变异，症状表现多样，除呼吸系统外，也累及神经系统，嗅觉减退是新冠感染后的主要神经症状。一些长新冠患者的嗅觉持续异常，亟待有效的干预手段。本文比对了新冠原始毒株和Omicron毒株感染后患者的嗅觉和认知功能的康复模式，并探讨了促进嗅觉训练效果泛化的手段。 研究一和研究二共计招募了近1300名受试者，含原始毒株感染者(研究一)、Omicron毒株感染者(研究二)和未感染对照，系统评估了他们的化学感觉功能、认知表现和抑郁状态。整体而言，新冠感染后的数月内，基本化学感觉功能逐步恢复，相较原始毒株感染者，omicron感染者恢复更快。然而，两类毒株都造成了独立于抑郁状态的认知功能损伤，且认知损伤没有表现出随时间推移的恢复。 研究三采用有反馈的知觉学习范式，在健康成人受试者的一侧鼻腔进行嗅觉分辨训练，训练材料为手性气味分子或不同配比的气味混合物，考察了训练效果的特异性/迁移性和持续性。结果发现，手性分子气味对的训练效果严格限制在训练鼻腔，且不迁移到与训练气味对结构不相似的手性气味分子，而对混合物的嗅觉分辨学习则可以完全迁移到未训练鼻腔并部分迁移到未训练的气味混合物。不论采用哪种训练材料，学习效果在训练结束两周后仍然保持。 嗅觉功能与认知和情绪密切相关，被视作脑功能完好性的指标。对嗅觉损伤和嗅觉训练的探讨有望为维护和促进脑功能提供独特视角

COVID-19-related Olfactory Dysfunction:Prevalence,Mechanism and Recovery

新型冠状病毒感染(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19),下简称&ldquo;新冠&rdquo;,是由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,SARS-CoV-2)引发的全球流行传染病。鉴于嗅觉障碍是其主要神经症状,明确相关流行现状、机制和康复对促进公共健康非常重要。文献报道的新冠相关嗅觉障碍的发生率存在差异,与评估工具、人群以及变异毒株3个因素有关。其中,不同毒株之间嗅觉障碍发生率的差异可能源于刺突糖蛋白和侵入方式的变异。在外周嗅觉系统,SARS-CoV-2主要引发嗅裂炎症、支持细胞死亡和宿主免疫反应,而关于SARS-CoV-2入侵中枢的途径和机制仍存争议。部分&ldquo;长新冠&rdquo;患者存在持续的嗅觉障碍,SARS-CoV-2诱发慢性炎症反应和对嗅上皮再生的破坏是其潜在的病理基础。根据嗅觉媒介假说,SARS-CoV-2可能借由嗅觉系统影响中枢功能并最终诱发神经退行性变。嗅觉训练、药物等方法可帮助新冠相关嗅觉障碍的康复。</p

Measurement of integrated luminosity of data collected at 3.773 GeV by BESIII from 2021 to 2024

We present a measurement of the integrated luminosity e+e- of collision data collected by the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider at a center-of-mass energy of Ecm = 3.773 GeV. The integrated luminosities of the datasets taken from December 2021 to June 2022, from November 2022 to June 2023, and from October 2023 to February 2024 were determined to be 4.995±0.019 fb-1, 8.157±0.031 fb-1, and 4.191±0.016 fb-1, respectively, by analyzing large angle Bhabha scattering events. The uncertainties are dominated by systematic effects, and the statistical uncertainties are negligible. Our results provide essential input for future analyses and precision measurements

Determination of the number of ψ(3686) events taken at BESIII

The number of ψ(3686) events collected by the BESIII detector during the 2021 run period is determined to be (2259.3±11.1)×106 by counting inclusive ψ(3686) hadronic events. The uncertainty is systematic and the statistical uncertainty is negligible. Meanwhile, the numbers of ψ(3686) events collected during the 2009 and 2012 run periods are updated to be (107.7±0.6)×106 and (345.4±2.6)×106, respectively. Both numbers are consistent with the previous measurements within one standard deviation. The total number of ψ(3686) events in the three data samples is (2712.4±14.3)×10^