オンセツ ゲンゴ ワシャ 二オケル ニホンゴ センザイ モーラ ノ ニンシキ コウゾウ : カントンゴ ボゴ ワシャ ト カンコクゴ ボゴ ワシャ ノ バアイ

Japanese, as a mora language, has implicit moras such as geminates, moraic nasals, diphthings, long vowels and devoiced mora, which syllable-language speakers have difficulty in perceiving. This research investigates the degree of autonomy of implicit moras of Cantonese and Korean speakers and compares their way of recognition of mora with that of Japanese native speakers. Firstly, we observe recognition structure of implicit moras from the viewpoint of phonological characteristics in Cantonese and Korea. As for connection between nucleus and coda, we find that, in Japanese and Korean, the connection is weak and they are easy to disconnect because onset and nucleus are connected first. On the other hand, coda is connected with nucleus first and they are not easy to disconnect. When duration of implicit moras is too long in Japanese and Korean, the languages disconnect nucleus and coda in order that implicit moras are autonomous. Cantonese is an analytic language and syllable constituents cannot be disconnected. Therefore, a syllable is inserted after coda. But in Korean, nucleus is connected with onset, not with coda. Thus, compared with Cantonese in which another syllable has to be inserted, the degree of autonomy of implicit mora correspondent to coda is high in Korean. Secondly, we analyse phonetic characteristics of the languages and investigate a possibility in autonomy of implicit moras. Since Cantonese speakers perceive implicit moras in a word final position as longer than in a word initial or internal position, implicit moras can be easily autonomous. But moraic nasal can often be autonomous in a word internal position. This may be because of an influence of syllabicity of nasal consonants in Cantonese. There is no relationship between recognition of implicit moras and location in syllable in Korean.Finally, in order to investigate recognition patterns of implicit moras in Japanese which is difficult for syllable-language speakers to perceive, we conducted an experiment of writing Japanese sounds with phonetic equivalent in their own languages. The result shows significance among the factors in the level of 5% an shows the order of recognition according to the first languages as in (1); (1)a. Cantonese speakers: the latter part of diphthongs > moraic nasals > long vowels ≒ geminates b. Korean speakers: the latter part of diphthongs > long voewls > moraic nasals> geminates The result also shows that implicit moras are not more likely to be autonomous in Cantonese than in Korean. Consequently we suggests that, as for recognition of implicit moras in Japanese, Cantonese speakers have more difficulty in perceiving the implicit moras than Korean speakers

区域尺度侵蚀产沙估算方法研究

区域土壤侵蚀模型是大区域土壤侵蚀普查和水土保持宏观决策的支持工具,土壤侵蚀模型的研发是土壤侵蚀学科的前沿领域。基于DEM将区域划分为规则网格,设计产流、产沙过程的单元模型,包括植被截留、入渗、填洼、流速、携沙能力、径流剥蚀量、泥沙沉积等算法。将月降水当作1次降雨事件,并划分若干时段进行迭代计算,利用GIS空间分析功能完成水沙汇集运算,并在ArcGIS支持下进行计算机程序设计,有效地完成了区域侵蚀产沙量的计算。将模型应用于延河流域得到:1995年7月份平均径流深为35.6 mm,径流系数为0.237,流域出口径流量为2.72亿m3,流域出口输沙量为0.38亿t,流域平均侵蚀模数为4575 t/(km2.月);输出图形空间格局和结构符合实际情况,初步模拟结果令人较满意

Study on A Computational Method of District Runoff Ⅰ-Algorithm Design

径流是区域水土流失的基础。基于已有试验研究和观测数据,结合GIS空间分析功能,初步提出了区域径流计算的基本思路,并对降雨径流产生的各个环节做出了算法设计,考虑的过程包括降水、植被截留、入渗、微地形存储、地表径流等。基于DEM将流域划分为规则网格并以此为基本计算单元,将月降水过程划分为若干时段作为计算迭代的基本单元,本算法可以计算出区域内每一网格单元任一时段末的地表径流量,为进一步建立区域水土流失模型奠定了基础

Effects of Item Competitive Intensity on Retrieval-Induced Forgetting in College Students with Internet Addiction

执行功能缺陷是网络成瘾发生、维持和复发的原因之一，以往研究侧重于探讨网络成瘾者注意控制、反应抑制等执行功能成分的损伤状况，而其记忆抑制状况尚不清楚。本研究通过考察网络成瘾大学生的提取诱发遗忘（RIF）来探讨其记忆抑制的特点及RIF的产生机制。结果发现：低网络成瘾个体在高项目竞争强度下表现出显著的RIF，在低项目竞争强度下未产生；高网络成瘾个体在低项目竞争强度下表现出显著的RIF，在高项目竞争强度下未产生。结果表明网络成瘾大学生的记忆抑制能力受损严重，其在低项目竞争强度下易受相关代价与效益问题（CCB）影响而产生干扰性RIF。</p