生涯スポーツ社会におけるスポーツの一貫支援体制 : スポーツクラブの自己組織化とその支援の観点から

The purpose of this study is to clarify the concept of Guidance and Support on community sports and to specify the directionality of organization and support for achievement of the sports society through life. The authors have stressed that it is necessary for achievement of the society for longlife sports，to cooperate with other groups and to construct a consistent support system. This study is also to explore the condition of community sports club management　through analyzing the Japan Junior Sports Club Association that has established as junior sports club of community in Japan. The Japan Junior Sports Club Association develops club management independently. It has left great results and accumulated the know-how of the activity program and club management. However， it is reguired to be a self-organization so that the Japan Junior Sports Club Association may develop more as community sports club. These results suggest that finding the solution of the acknowledment obstructon factor，especially related to the problem of receipt，leads to effective support for the club

Impact of the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake on the Use of Tidal Flats: A Case Study in Inner Tokyo Bay

Coastal areas have recently been revaluated to understand the relationship between ecosystem services and humans. However, devastation from the 2011 earthquake and tsunami in Japan might have limited the use of ecosystem services. Thus, we investigate the effects of the earthquake and tsunami on the use of tidal flats. We used questionnaires to evaluate changes in the number and anxiety of users for each type of use of the Sanbanze tidal flat in the innermost part of Tokyo Bay. We also conducted a field survey to verify the trends. We found that clamming and walking or jogging were the most common uses in the surveyed area. However, clamming activity decreased after the earthquake as indicated by field observation (73% decrease in spring long holiday season) and questionnaires (64%). Other clamming ground in Tokyo Bay also showed a similar decrease (62%). Many visitors were anxious about the damaged infrastructure. Compared to other types of use such as swimming or total tourism in the tourism statistics, the recovery phase was slower for clamming using the data of other locations. Considering these evidence, the innermost part of Tokyo Bay can be classified as an earthquake-devastated area, from the view point of ecosystem services. Key Words： behavioral change, tourism industry, Great East Japan Earthquake of 2011, marine leisure use, shellfish gathering, marine ecosystem servicesOpenAcces