重金属离子对麦穗鱼的急性毒性作用研究

采用静水、充气和恒温法研究Cu2+、Hg2+、Cd2+和zn2+4种重金属离子对麦穗鱼的急性毒性作用。试验结果表明:Cu2+、Hg2+、Cd2+和zn2+4种重金属离子对麦穗鱼24 H的半致死浓度(lC50)依次为0.283、0.30、16.2、23.65 Mg/l,96 H的lC50依次为0.147、0.244、5.17、14.08 Mg/l;4种重金属离子的毒性大小顺序依次为Cu2+>Hg2+>Cd2+>zn2+,Cu2+和Hg2+对麦穗鱼的毒性较强,Cd2+和zn2+的毒性相对较弱,其安全质量浓度依次为0.001 47、0.002 44、0.051 7、0.148 Mg/l;麦穗鱼对Hg2+和Cd2+耐受力超过国家规定的淡水养殖水质标准5--10倍;麦穗鱼对Cu2+比较敏感,忍受能力比国家淡水养殖标准还低。山东省高等学校优秀青年教师国内访问学者项目经费资

氟苯尼考在日本囊对虾体内的药代动力学研究

为了给养殖日本囊对虾制定正确的用药方案、确定氟苯尼考的休药期提供科学依据,应用反相高效液相色谱法(rP-HPlC)研究了氟苯尼考在日本囊对虾体内的药物代谢动力学。试验结果表明,在水温23±0.5℃,盐度29.91的条件下,氟苯尼考在肝脏、肌肉和血淋巴的平均回收率为93.37%、91.79%、91.82%;试验数据经药代动力学软件3P97分析表明,日本囊对虾采用氟苯尼考单次腹部肌肉注射,其肌肉药—时数据符合二室模型,肝脏和血淋巴药—时数据符合一室模型。其中,氟苯尼考在肝脏、肌肉和血淋巴中的主要动力学参数分别为:浓度—时间曲线的曲线下面积AuC分别为10.315、0.77、14.33(μg/g).H;药物的峰值浓度C(MAX)分别为13.03、10.46、8.031μg/g;药物浓度处于峰值时的时间TP分别为0.2044、0.22980、.6544 H;吸收半衰期分别为0.67710、.4746、0.4193 H;消除半衰期分别为3.766、16.16、4.917 H。建议在23±0.5℃的水温条件下,氟苯尼考对日本囊对虾的休药期不少于7 d。山东省高等学校优秀青年教师国内访问学者项目;公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200803012)资

Effects of WSSV on Enzymes Activities Related with Immunity of Marsupenaeus japonicus Postlarvae

用含对虾白斑综合征病毒(WSSV)的病虾组织匀浆上清液对日本囊对虾(MArSuPEnAEuS JAPOnICuS)仔虾进行攻毒,于0,6,12,24,36,48,72,96,144 H时间点取样,以研究WSSV对仔虾体内总蛋白含量、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AkP)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOd)和酚氧化酶(PO)活性的影响.结果表明:投喂感染后,与吞噬作用相关的水解酶ACP、AkP呈显著变化,于24 H时达到最大值;与氧化应激有关的SOd和PO也变化显著,分别于72和6 H达到最高值;ACP、AkP、SOd和PO均对病原反应敏感,可以作为WSSV入侵日本囊对虾的参考指标.Marsupenaeus japonicus postlarvae were fed with infective tissue homogenate supernatant which contained white spot syndrome virus(WSSV),for investigating the effect of WSSV to protein content and activities of acid phosphatase(ACP),alkaline phosphatase(AKP),superoxide dismutase(SOD),phenoloxidase(PO) at 0th,6th,12th,24th,36th,48th,72th,96th,144th hour after oral infection.The result showed that the activities of the ACP,AKP which came from the infected group were significantly different from those in control group after oral infection and reached theirs climax at 24 h;SOD and PO in each treatment group also showed peak change with the sampling time,reached theirs climax at 72 h and 6 h respectively.In conclusion,ACP,AKP,SOD and PO are susceptible to pathogen response,in terms of that they could be the reference values of prawn disease control.公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200803012)资

The Effect of Iron,Copper and Zinc on the Growth and Non-specific Immunity of the Carassfus auriatus

在基础饲料中分别添加fE--(2+)、Cu--(2+)、zn--(2+)喂养鲫鱼(CArASSIuS AurATuS),以血清抗菌活力、溶菌活力、过氧化氢酶活力为指标,分析了fE--(2+)、Cu--(2+)、zn--(2+)对鲫鱼生长和非特异免疫的影响.研究结果表明:饲料中添加fE--(2+)250 Mg/kg或者Cu--(2+)5 Mg/kg或者zn--(2+)15 Mg/kg能促进鲫鱼的生长;不同浓度的微量元素对鲫鱼非特异免疫能力有较大的影响;基础饲料中分别添加Cu--(2+)15 Mg/kg、zn--(2+)15 Mg/kg时鲫鱼血清抗菌活力最强;分别添加fE--(2+)150 Mg/kg、Cu--(2+)5 Mg/kg、zn--(2+)15 Mg/kg时鲫鱼血清的溶菌活力明显高于对照组;添加fE--(2+)250 Mg/kg或者Cu--(2+)5 Mg/kg或者zn--(2+)15 Mg/kg鲫鱼血清中过氧化氢酶活力最强;适量添加fE--(2+)、Cu--(2+)、zn--(2+)能促进鱼类生长和提高免疫力,提高饲料利用率.It was analysed that the impact of Fe--(2+),Cu--(2+),Zn--(2+) which was respectively added in basic feed on growth and non-specific immunity of Carassius auratus using serum anti-bacterial vitality,bacteriolytic vitality,the activity of catalase as an index.The result showed that the growth of Carassius auratus could be promoted when the content in the feed of Fe--(2+) was 250 mg/kg,Cu--(2+) was 5 mg/kg,Zn--(2+) was 15 mg/kg respectively.Different concentrations of trace elements had a greater impact on non-specific immunity.The anti-bacterial serum vitality was strongest when Cu--(2+) of 15 mg/kg and Zn--(2+) 15 mg/kg were added to the basic feed.The bacteriolytic vitality of serum was significantly higher when Fe--(2+) 150 mg/kg,Cu--(2+) 5 mg/kg,Zn--(2+) 15 mg/kg was respectively added to the basic food than that of the control.The catalase serum vitality was strongest when the basic feed added Fe--(2+) 250 mg/kg or Cu--(2+) 5 mg/ kg or Zn--(2+) 15 mg/kg was feed.It was showed that appropriate content of Fe--(2+),Cu--(2+),Zn--(2+) in the basic feed could promote the growth and immunity of Carassius auratus,and improve the efficiency of feed.山东省高等学校优秀青年教师国内访问学者项

Pharmacokinetics of Sulfamethoxazole(SMZ ) and Enrofloxac-in (ERFX) in shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus

为了研究磺胺甲基噁唑(SulfAMETHOXAzOlE,简称SMz)和恩诺沙星(EnrOflOXACIn,简称ErfX)在日本囊对虾(MArSuPEnAEuS JAPOnICuS)体内的药物代谢动力学特点,在水温21℃±0.5℃,盐度29.91的条件下,应用萃取、液相测定和反相高效液相色谱法(rP-HPlC)对药物平均回收率、主要动力学参数及在3种组织中的半衰期进行了测定,检测数据经药物代谢动力学软件3P97进行研究。结果表明,SMz和ErfX在对虾肝脏、肌肉和血淋巴的平均回收率分别为90.09%,88.92%,84.84%和89.14%,86.04%,91.77%。药物代谢动力学分析表明,SMz单次腹部肌肉注射日本囊对虾,其肝脏药时数据符合二室模型,肌肉和血淋巴药时数据符合一室模型,半衰期为19.1284,4.5799,9.1855 H。ErfX单次腹部肌肉注射日本囊对虾,其肌肉药时数据符合二室模型,肝脏和血淋巴药时数据符合一室模型。半衰期分别为15.16,16.83,17.19 H。通过两种药物的代谢特征比较分析表明,SMz在肌肉中吸收较ErfX快,ErfX在血淋巴和肝脏中吸收较SMz快。根据SMz和ErfX在21℃±0.5℃的条件下的主要动力学参数及3种组织内消除半衰期,建议SMz在日本囊对虾的休药期不少于10 d,ErfX的休药期不少于12 d。In order to study the pharmacokinetics of sulfamethoxazole(SMZ)and enrofloxacin(ERFX)in the hemolymph,muscle and liver of Marsupenaeus japonicus,average recoveries,main kinetic parameters and elimination half-times of SMZ and ERFX in three tissues,were measured by HPLC.The average recoveries of SMZ or ERFX in the liver,muscle and hemolymph,respectively,were 90.09%,88.92%,and 84.84%,or 89.14%,86.04%,and 91.77%.After a single abdominal intramuscular injection of SMZ,the pharmacokinetics of muscles could be well described by a two-department model,but those of liver and hemolymph were in line with a one-department model;the elimination half-lives were 19.1284,4.5799,and 9.1855 h,respectively.After a single abdominal intramuscular injection of ERFX,the pharmacokinetics of muscles were in line with the two-department model,but those of liver and hemolymph were in line with the one-department model;the elimination half-lives were 15.16,16.83,and 17.19 h,respectively.Based on the metabolic characteristics,ERFX were absorbed into haemolymph and liver faster than SMZ,but SMZ was absorbed into muscles faster than ERFX.According to the elimination half-lives of SMZ and ERFX in hemolymph,muscle and liver,we suggested that at 21℃±0.5℃ the withdraw time of SMZ was no less than 10 d,and that of ERFX was no less than 12 d.山东省高等学校优秀青年教师国内访问学者项目和公益性行业(农业)科研资助专项(200803012

Analysis on morphological variations among five populations of Marsupenaeus japonicus from coastal areas of China

应用多元分析方法,采用体质量和10个形态性状为指标对中国沿海陵水、北海、惠来、诏安、厦门5个地理群体的日本囊对虾(MArSuPEnAEuS JAPOnICuS)进行了比较分析,结果表明,日本囊对虾雌雄个体间形态差异显著(P0.05);雌性个体的体长、头胸甲宽和雄性个体的体长、第六腹节宽分别与体质量的相关系数达到了极显著水平(P<0.01);雌性日本囊对虾的体长(X2)、头胸甲宽(X4)对体质量(y)的最优多元回归方程为:y=-151.737+9.235X2+23.194X4,雄性日本囊对虾体长(X2)、第六腹节宽(X9)对体质量(y)的最优多元回归方程为:y=85.280+5.222X2+43.656X9。以上结果为日本囊对虾的选择育种提供了理想的测度指标。Body weight and ten morphological traits in five geographic groups of Marsupenaeus japonicus in coastal areas of China were compared using multivariate analysis method.Results show that there were significant variations between male and female M.japonicus while no significant variations between different geographic populations.For the same gender,populations from Hainan and Beihai were closely linked and those from Xiamen and Zhaoan were closely linked.Significant correlation coefficients(P<0.01)were found between body weight(Y)and morphological traits of body length(X 2 )and carapace width(X 4 )for females,and between body weight(Y)and body length(X 2 ) and the sixth abdominal segment width(X 9 )for males,which are ideal indicators of measurement for M.japonicus aquaculture.The multiple regression equations were establised as Y=-151.737+9.235X 2 +23.194X 4 for females and Y=85.280+5.222X 2 +43.656X 9 for males.农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项资助项目(200803012);福建省科技厅重大项目(2009N3011

Li助剂对Co/AC催化剂上CO加氢制直链混合伯醇反应性能的影响

采用CO加氢反应、X射线衍射、程序升温还原和CO程序升温脱附等技术研究了Li助剂对活性炭负载的Co催化剂（Co/AC）上CO加氢反应性能的影响.结果表明,Li的添加抑制了气态烃的生成,提高了C5＋和直链混合伯醇的选择性,但催化剂活性下降.这可能源于Li的加入抑制了Co2＋物种的还原,降低了反应速控步骤——强吸附CO的解离能力.另外,Li也促进了Co2C物种的生成,使得产物中混合醇的比例增加

Co_2C上CO的程序升温脱附和程序升温表面反应研究

采用CO与金属Co在473 K反应400 h以上合成了Co2C样品, 采用X射线衍射、透射电镜和CO程序升温还原对样品进行了表征, 并采用CO程序升温脱附和CO程序升温表面反应研究了Co2C对CO的吸附及其加氢活化行为. 结果表明, Co2C微观结构由体相和表面钝化层两部分组成. 表面钝化层可被CO于477 K左右去除. CO在Co2C上有2个脱附峰, 其中低温脱附峰可能源于Co2C上吸附的CO, 而高温脱附峰可能对应于残留于Co2C晶格内的CO. Co2C上吸附的CO可与H2反应生成醇