Effects of mowing plus waterlogging on germination and seedling growth of Spartina alterniflora

互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)是我国危害最严重的外来入侵植物之一,探索环保、经济、有效地防治互花米草的技术对保护我国海滩生态环境具有重要意义。本研究通过人工气候室(20~25℃)的盆栽实验,研究刈割与淹水对互花米草萌发和幼苗生长的影响。实验持续4个月,对互花米草地上部分进行了2次刈割,首次刈割是在互花米草生长季结束时,3个月后进行第二次刈割。首次刈割后持续淹水至实验结束,淹水处理设计0、5、10、20 cm四个淹水深度。首次刈割后各淹水处理互花米草根茎上迅速萌发克隆苗,种子的萌发比克隆苗晚约3个月。不同淹水深度对克隆苗的萌发和生长均有抑制作用,克隆苗株数、株高和地上生物量均随淹水深度增加而减少。第二次刈割后各淹水处理均没有再萌发克隆苗,但有少量种子实生苗,其中20 cm水深处理的实生苗数量最少。刈割加淹水可以很好地抑制互花米草的萌发和幼苗生长,据此建议互花米草防治方案为:在春季萌芽前,修筑堤坝,保持淹水20 cm,在营养生长期后期贴地刈割互花米草,继续淹水,第二年重复同样的刈割和淹水。为防止二次入侵,需要在邻近的互花米草分布区同时进行治理。&nbsp;</p

Fault prediction of variable pitch system of wind turbine based on wavelet BP neural network

变桨故障是风电机组重要的停机故障之一,对变桨系统进行故障预测并提高预测精度,是风电开发的关键技术,不但保证电网安全运行而且减少运维成本。分析处理SCADA系统数据,提取相关联参数,即输出功率、风速、桨距角和转子转速。采用BP神经网络对系统进行模型训练,考虑到风电机组参数具有波动性、不确定性等,同时采用小波BP神经网络进行模型训练。建立变桨故障预测模型,预测未来15 d的变桨系统运行情况,用于制定合理的运维方案。通过MATLAB系统仿真研究,对比分析了预测模型性能指标、误差指标和输出数据图形,小波BP神经网络训练预测模型诊断精度比BP神经网络提高了17%,可信率提高了18%,诊断能力提高了15.4%,诊断误报率降低了17%。Variable pitch fault is one of the most important faults in wind power system. It is the key technology for the development of variable pitch control system to predict the fault and improve the prediction accuracy. It not only guarantees the safe operation of the power grid,but also reduces the cost of operation and maintenance. Use the data of SCADA can extract the associated parameters. It includes the output power,wind speed,pitch angle and rotor speed. BP neural network is used for the model system. Considering the fluctuation of wind power system parameters,uncertainty etc.,at the same time,the wavelet BP neural network is used to train the model. It can be predicted that the variable pitch control system can be operated in the future 15 days through the establishment of pitch fault prediction model. It is used to develop a reasonable operation and maintenance program. Through the MATLAB system simulation study,the paper analyzes the performance of the forecast model,the error index and the output data. Wavelet BP neural network training prediction model diagnostic accuracy than BP neural network increased by 17%,the reliability rate increased by 18%,the diagnostic ability increased by 15.4%,and the diagnostic false alarm rate was reduced by 17%.河北省教育厅青年基金项目（QN2016104）; 河北省科技厅指令性项目（16210310D

Effect of Doubled Atmospheric CO_2 and Nitrogen Application on Photosynthetic Rate and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Character of Winter Wheat

采用开顶式气室,通过土培盆栽实验研究了不同大气CO2浓度(背景空气浓度375&mu;mol&middot;mol-1和倍增浓度750&mu;mol&middot;mol-1)和氮素水平(不施氮和施氮0.25 g/kg)下两个冬小麦品种(小偃6号和小偃22)主要生育期(拔节、孕穗、扬花、灌浆期)叶片叶绿素含量和荧光动力学参数的变化.结果显示,与背景CO2浓度相比,在不施氮条件下大气CO2浓度倍增处理的小麦叶片出现明显的光合下调现象,而施氮时变化不明显;同时,CO2浓度倍增后小麦各主要生育期叶片叶绿素含量均有不同程度地下降,荧光参数初始荧光(F0)值明显提高,最大荧光(Fm)、可变荧光(Fv)、最大光能转换效率(Fv/Fm)和PSⅡ潜在活性(Fv/F0)值均显著降低.施氮可提高冬小麦各个时期叶片叶绿素含量、Fm、Fv、和Fv/F0值,降低F0值;不施氮条件下,大气CO2浓度倍增对冬小麦各主要生育时期叶绿素含量和荧光参数的影响明显,而施氮后影响微弱.研究表明,大气CO2浓度升高对冬小麦光合速率、叶绿素含量和光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)的光合电子传递和潜在活性具有一定抑制作用,通过施氮可以有效地缓解其负面效应

白酒糟循环流化床燃烧灰直接肥料化利用

研究了白酒糟循环流化床燃烧灰直接作为肥料的可能性和效果,以其为肥料种植油菜,考察了油菜在5种土壤中发芽和生长情况.结果表明,白酒糟燃烧灰对不同生长阶段的油菜有不同影响,对壤质土中的油菜发芽有抑制作用,但能明显改善粘性土壤中油菜的生长环境,油菜的净增量和产量都有明显增加.白酒糟燃烧灰还能提高酸性土壤pH值,使土壤环境向中性（pH6.97～7.74）转变,有利于腐殖酸分解和植物生长.土壤与白酒糟燃烧灰质量比为5：1时,与原土相比,泸州国窖红土壤、泸州青稞土壤及富阳土壤中油菜净增量分别为80.1%,80.9%,163.6%,表明利用白酒糟燃烧灰作为植物生长肥料是可行的

白酒糟循环流化床燃烧灰直接肥料化利用

研究了白酒糟循环流化床燃烧灰直接作为肥料的可能性和效果,以其为肥料种植油菜,考察了油菜在5种土壤中发芽和生长情况.结果表明,白酒糟燃烧灰对不同生长阶段的油菜有不同影响,对壤质土中的油菜发芽有抑制作用,但能明显改善粘性土壤中油菜的生长环境,油菜的净增量和产量都有明显增加.白酒糟燃烧灰还能提高酸性土壤pH值,使土壤环境向中性(pH6.97～7.74)转变,有利于腐殖酸分解和植物生长.土壤与白酒糟燃烧灰质量比为5:1时,与原土相比,泸州国窖红土壤、泸州青稞土壤及富阳土壤中油菜净增量分别为80.1%,80.9%,163.6%,表明利用白酒糟燃烧灰作为植物生长肥料是可行的

白酒糟循环流化床燃烧灰直接肥料化利用

研究了白酒糟循环流化床燃烧灰直接作为肥料的可能性和效果,以其为肥料种植油菜,考察了油菜在5种土壤中发芽和生长情况.结果表明,白酒糟燃烧灰对不同生长阶段的油菜有不同影响,对壤质土中的油菜发芽有抑制作用,但能明显改善粘性土壤中油菜的生长环境,油菜的净增量和产量都有明显增加.白酒糟燃烧灰还能提高酸性土壤pH值,使土壤环境向中性（pH6.97～7.74）转变,有利于腐殖酸分解和植物生长.土壤与白酒糟燃烧灰质量比为5：1时,与原土相比,泸州国窖红土壤、泸州青稞土壤及富阳土壤中油菜净增量分别为80.1%,80.9%,163.6%,表明利用白酒糟燃烧灰作为植物生长肥料是可行的

Effects of mowing plus waterlogging on germination and seedling growth of Spartina alterniflora

互花米草（Spartina alterniflora）是我国危害最严重的外来入侵植物之一,探索环保、经济、有效地防治互花米草的技术对保护我国海滩生态环境具有重要意义。本研究通过人工气候室（20~25℃）的盆栽实验,研究刈割与淹水对互花米草萌发和幼苗生长的影响。实验持续4个月,对互花米草地上部分进行了2次刈割,首次刈割是在互花米草生长季结束时,3个月后进行第二次刈割。首次刈割后持续淹水至实验结束,淹水处理设计0、5、10、20 cm四个淹水深度。首次刈割后各淹水处理互花米草根茎上迅速萌发克隆苗,种子的萌发比克隆苗晚约3个月。不同淹水深度对克隆苗的萌发和生长均有抑制作用,克隆苗株数、株高和地上生物量均随淹水深度增加而减少。第二次刈割后各淹水处理均没有再萌发克隆苗,但有少量种子实生苗,其中20 cm水深处理的实生苗数量最少。刈割加淹水可以很好地抑制互花米草的萌发和幼苗生长,据此建议互花米草防治方案为：在春季萌芽前,修筑堤坝,保持淹水20 cm,在营养生长期后期贴地刈割互花米草,继续淹水,第二年重复同样的刈割和淹水。为防止二次入侵,需要在邻近的互花米草分布区同时进行治理

Genetic Variation and Spread of Spartina alternifora in the Yellow River Delta

Spartina alternifora has been introduced into the Yellow River Delta since 1990.It spreads very rapidly and threatens the safety of the ecosystem.Investigating the genetic variation of Spartina alternifora can help understanding the mechanism of invasion and provide basic knowledge for the management of this invasive species.The genetic structure and diversity of four populations of Spartina alternifora(Pop 1,Pop 2,Pop 3 and Pop 4) at 13 loci were analyzed using microsatellite markers.The results revealed that the genetic diversity of Spartina alternifora in the Yellow River Delta was high.The average observed allele number(Na) was 7.385,the effective allele number(Ne) was 3.636,the Nei's genetic diversity was(0.700±0.094),the Shannon index was(1.453±0.343),and the proportion of polymorphic loci(P) was 100%.The Na,Ne,Nei's genetic diversity and Shannon index of Pop1 was the lowest,while those of Pop2-Pop4 were similar.However,the genetic differentiation(F_(st)=0.121) and the gene flow(Nm=1.825) among populations were medium.The genetic similarity among Pop 1-Pop 3 was high while the genetic similarity between Pop 4 and Pop 1-Pop 3 was low.As we known,Pop 3 was the initial and unique introduced population.The genetic structure of 4 populations suggested that firstly Pop 3 dispersed to Pop 4,and then Pop 3 dispersed to Pop 1 and Pop 2.The population dispersal order was not associated with the geographic distance of these populations,for the reason that the seeds of Spartina alternifora could disperse by sea water over a long distance.Therefore,developing environment-friendly herbicide to make Spartina alternifora in fecund could be a good way to control its invasion

2.45GHz单电荷态电子回旋共振离子源

描述了一台 2 .4 5GHz单电荷态电子回旋共振 (ECR)离子源的原理、结构与应用。介绍了其微波系统与磁场结构。在微波输入功率约 6 0 0W ,引出高压 2 2kV ,引出孔径为6mm时 ,该离子源的总束流I(H1++H2 ++H3+)可达 90mA