ダケのスコープと文中における境界

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ダケの位置と限定のあり方 : 名詞句ダケ文とダケダ文

筑波大学大学院Graduate student, University of Tsukuba本稿は,名詞句に接続するダケと文末に位置するダケの限定様式の違いを明らかにする。これまで「同義」とみなされてきた,ダケが名詞句に接続する名詞句ダケ文と文末に位置するダケダ文には,前者が不自然に感じられる文脈が存在する。これは,限定される要素が同じ名詞句ダケ文とダケダ文であっても,当該要素を含む〈前提集合〉のあり方が異なることに由来するものである。ダケダ文では不足感を伴うニュアンスが感じられること等が指摘できることから,それぞれの前提集合のあり方は,次のようにまとめられる。(1)名詞句ダケ文における前提集合は,発話者の憲観的尺度からの色付けがなく,単に〈同列関係〉にある事象から構成される集合である。(2)ダケダ文における前提集合は,〈発話者の主観的尺度〉に基づいて設定された,発話者の主観的色付けがなされた集合である。In this paper, I discuss the difference between the meaning of dake following a noun phrase (NP-dake V) and when placed at the end of a sentence (S-dake-da). Previous studies have explained that NP-dake V and S-dake-da describe the same situation when the scope of dake is the same. However, the two sentences have different meanings regardless of the scope of dake, and the semantic difference between them is explicit in some contexts. S-dake-da is different from NP-dake V in the following two aspects, 1) S-dake-da sentences express the grounds on which the speakers are feeling or thinking. 2) S-dake-da sentences imply the speakers\u27 feeling of insufficiency. I assert that both NP-dake V and S-dake-da sentences single out an element from a set of elements, but the nature of the sets is different. Speakers would use NP-dake V sentences when there is no presupposed meaning to the set of elements as a whole. Elements in the set could be replaced by other elements perceived to be equivalent by objective criteria. On the other hand, speakers would use S-dake-da sentences when all elements in the set have a special meaning as a whole. Therefore, when one or more elements in the set is missing, the speaker may have a sense of insufficiency. S-dake-da sentences include noun-predicate sentences, cleft sentences, idiomatic sentences, and so on. These sentences also have the semantic feature that S-dake-da sentences have

A Semantic Analysis of‘toritate’kurai-sentence

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