COVID-19パンデミックにおける小中学生の摂食障害患者の実態調査報告

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初回発作が重積しなかった、けいれん重積型(二相性)急性脳症(AESD)の一例

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ショウガッコウ キョウカショ ニ ハンエイ サレタ コドモ ニ キタイ サレル タイショ テキ タイジン カンケイ : トウヨウ タイ セイヨウ ノ タイヒ ワ ダトウ カ

The contents of school texts are very important factors in the socialization of children, and the behaviors displayed by textbook characters are thought to reflect behaviors that each culture regards as suitable. The purpose of this study is to reconsider the interpersonal coping-behavior styles labeled primary and secondary control by Weisz et al. (1984) and depicted in 537 stories in elementary school texts for 6-9 year-old children in two Asian countries (Japan and Taiwan) and two European countries (Germany and Britain). These texts were analyzed for the types of stimuli (others vs. circumstance; positive vs. negative; intentional vs. unintentional) acting on the main characters, and the corresponding coping-behaviors of the main characters (accepting vs. rejecting; active vs. passive; changing vs. non-changing). They were also analyzed for the primary-secondary controls that were constructed as the stimuli and coping-behaviors of the main characters. The findings were as follows. (1) When the stimuli tried to influence to the main characters\u27 requests or behaviors, the Japanese stimuli were portrayed as adding more circumstance stimuli than those in the other three countries, and there was no significant difference between Asian and European texts. (2) The Taiwanese stimuli were portrayed as more supportive than stimuli in the other three countries. There was significant difference between Asian and European texts, but there was also significant difference between Asian countries. (3) There was no significant difference of the stimuli\u27s intention in the four countries. (4) There was no significant difference between the accepting behaviors of the characters toward the supportive stimuli in four countries. (5) The Taiwanese characters were portrayed as behaving more actively toward the supportive stimuli than characters in the other three countries. There was a significant difference between Asian and European behaviors, but there was also a significant difference between Asian countries. (6) There was no significant difference of primary control in the four countries. (7) The Asian characters were portrayed as behaving as secondary control more than the Western ones, but only the Japanese characters show this kind of behavior in more than fifty percent of the cases. These results indicate that the cultural dichotomy, typified as "East" versus "West" should be reconsidered in cross-cultural psychology, in regard to both child development factors and as socio-historical factors within the cultural system