Distribution Characteristics of Phosphor and Sulfur in Different Wetland Soils of the Yellow River Delta

以黄河口滨岸潮滩湿地为研究对象,研究了不同植被群落覆盖下湿地土壤中磷、硫的变化特征及其储量状况。结果表明,植被群落的变化能够影响土壤中磷、硫的含量,但影响程度不同。沿植物群落演替方向,土壤全磷含量差异不显著,变异系数较小,而全硫含量受影响显著,呈“S“型波动变化;在垂直分布特征方面,全磷的差异程度不大,表明土壤中磷含量主要取决于成土母质,相对而言,硫的垂直分布特征存在较大差异,大部分采样点的变异系数在10%以上,属中等变异,其分布特征主要受制于土壤有机质的分布;两种元素的储量及其分布状况受植被群落的影响程度不同,不同植被群落土壤的磷储量及其分布状况差异不大,均在0.32kg/M2(0—60CM)附近波动;而不同土壤中硫储量存在较大差异,沿演替方向呈“S“型波动变化,最高值0.33kg/M2(光滩,0—60CM),最低值0.17kg/M2(演替末期,0—60CM),但其分布状况差异不大。研究结果表明,植被对调整湿地磷、硫的空间分布具有显著影响,故可根据生源元素的循环选择适宜的植物对湿地进行生态修复,为湿地生态的修复提供理论依据。In August,2008,the wetlands in the Yellow River Delta,covered with different plant communities,were selected as the study objects to investigate the spatial distribution characteristics and the reserves of phosphor(P) and sulfur(S) in wetland soils.Results showed that different plant communities could affect the contents of P and S differently.Total phosphorus(TP) content had no significant variation with the succession,while total sulfur(TS) content,varying in the "S" mode,was affected obviously by the period of plant community succession.As for the characteristics of vertical distribution,TP content was not remarkable,showing that TP in soils depends on parent material.However,the vertical distribution of TS was significant(CV>10%) and its distribution was based on soil organic matter.Besides,the reserves and distributions of the two elements were also affected by plant communities differently.Both the reserve and the distribution of phosphorus varied little,fluctuating around 0.32 kg/m2 (0—60 cm).The reserve of S varied significantly from 0.17 kg/m2(the last stage of succession,0—60 cm)to 0.33 kg/m2 (bare beach,0—60 cm),fluctuating in "S" mode with the succession,while the distribution of S was not clear.Result from the research shows that the distributions of P and S in wetland soils are affected by plants and thus,right plants can be selected to apply in ecological rehabilitation of wetland.The research may provide a theoretical basis for the ecological rehabilitation of wetlands.国家海洋局近岸海域生态环境实验室基金(200906);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-223);中国科学院院长奖获得者科研启动基金(AJ0809BX-036);中国科学院烟台海岸所前沿领域项目(HJ0810BX-047);国家自然科学基金项目(40803023);厦门大学近海海洋环境科学国家重点实验室高级访问学者基金(MELRS0918);厦门大学滨海湿地生态系统教育部重点实验室基金(Cwe10903

Seasonal variations of sulfur in Suaeda salsa under different habitats in the intertidal zone of Yellow River Estuary, China

2008年5-11月,对黄河口滨岸潮滩不同生境下翅碱蓬(SuAEdA SAlSA)硫(S)的季节变化特征进行了研究。研究表明:中潮滩翅碱蓬(JP1)和低潮滩翅碱蓬(JP2)各器官生物量均具有明显的季节变化特征,总体表现为JP1>JP2;JP1和JP2地上与地下部分比值的变化较为一致,整体表现为JP2>JP1;二者枯落物量呈递增变化;JP1和JP2叶、茎和枯落物中的全硫(TS)含量在生长季波动变化明显,整体呈先增后减变化,而根中的TS含量在生长季呈递减变化,符合指数衰减模型;二者不同器官及枯落物的TS累积量和S累积速率(VS)季节变化明显,JP1地上部分的TS累积量和VS明显高于JP2,且二者地上部分的TS累积量和VS均明显高于地下;JP1和JP2不同部分的S分配比差异明显,其中叶的分配比最高,分别为(38.34±16.19)%和(66.27±12.09)%,说明叶是翅碱蓬重要的S累积器官。结果显示,翅碱蓬的生态学特性和其所处生境的水盐状况对JP1和JP2生物量、TS含量、累积量、累积速率、分配比均具有重要影响。Aims Our objective was to determine the characteristics of sulfur (S) accumulation and allocation by Suaeda salsa in two different habitats of the intertidal zone in the Yellow River Estuary of China.Methods We established two plots (30 m × 30 m) in two different tidal flats and collected different organs of S.salsa every 20 days from May to November 2008 from four or five sites selected at random from the two plots.Important findings The biomass of different organs of S.salsa in middle tidal flat (JP1) and low tidal flat (JP2) showed significant seasonal dynamics, and the values of JP1 tended to be higher than those of JP2.For JP1 and JP2, the ratios of aboveground biomass to belowground biomass changed similarly, but the values of JP2 tended to be larger than those of JP1.The litter biomass of JP1 and JP2 increased exponentially during the growing season.Although the total sulfur (TS) contents in leaves, stems or litter of JP1 and JP2 fluctuated greatly during the growing season, they all initially increased and then decreased.In comparison, values in roots decreased at all times following an exponential decay model.The TS accumulation amount and rate (VS) of different organs and litter also had seasonal changes, and the values of above-ground organs of JP1 were much higher than those of JP2.Moreover, the TS accumulation amount and VS of above-ground parts were higher than those of below-ground parts.The S allocation ratios of different parts of JP1 and JP2 also had significant differences.Leaves had the highest allocation ratio, and values of JP1 and JP2 were (38.34 ± 16.19)% and (66.27 ± 12.09)%, respectively, indicating that leaves were the most important site of S storage.国家自然科学基金(40803023);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-223);山东省自然科学基金重点项目(ZR2010DZ001);厦门大学滨海湿地生态系统教育部重点实验室基金(Cwel0903)资

生物工程专业英语教学改革的实践与思考

生物工程专业英语作为专业课程与大学英语教学的一个重要组成部分,为培养既具生物工程学科专业知识,又具备听、说、读、写等全面发展的复合型人才起着重要的作用。文章结合笔者在教学改革实践过程中得到的一些体会,针对当前高校生物工程专业英语的教学现状,阐述了生物工程专业英语教学难点与重点,指出当今专业英语教学所存在的问题,并对其解决方案——\"翻转课堂\"\"任务式\"与\"参与式\"教学等进行了深入思考。厦门大学示范性网络课程建设项目“生物化工、微生物学实验、食品安全与健康饮食、出国留学指导

Design of Teaching Activities in Universities based on Network Platform and Information Technology

随着计算机、手机和平板电脑的迅速发展,网络平台的运用和涉及的范围越来越广泛,信息技术应用于现代教学中是-种必然的趋势.文章讨论网络平台和信息技术在现代教学中的运用,以“慕课”和课堂教学混合模式为例,展开讨论网络平台和信息技术在国内高校课堂教育中发挥的作用,对比慕课在线课程和传统课堂优劣,探究如何有效运用慕课在线学习平台和信息技术进行教学活动设计,开展混合教学,提高课堂教学质量.With the rapid development of computer, mobile phone and tablet PCs, the use and the cov-erage scope of network platform are becoming more and more widely. It becomes an inevitable trend to apply the computer information technology into the modem teaching. This paper discusses the application of network platform and information technology in teaching and takes the blended mode of MOOC （Massive Open Online Course） and traditional teaching as an example to discuss the role of the network platform and information technology played in the classroom education of domestic universities. Comparing the advantages and disadvan-tages of MOOC online courses and traditional classroom teaching, we explore how to use the MOOC online learning platform and information technology effectively to design teaching activities and carry out blended teaching to improve the quality of classroom teaching.厦门大学示范性网络课程建设项目“生物化工、微生物学实验、食品安全与健康饮食、出国留学指导”

第十八届美国理论与应用力学大会总结

1会议概况2018年6月5—9日,第18届美国理论与应用力学大会(18th U.S. National Congress of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, USNCTAM2018)在美国芝加哥召开.本次大会由美国力学国家委员会和中国力学学会联合主办,旨在探讨和交流近四年世界范围内在理论和应用力学领域的基础研究、创新技术的最新进展,吸引了来自世界各地的近千名专家学

Preparation of PdCoIr Tetrahedron Nanocatalysts and Its Performance toward Ethanol Oxidation Reaction

钯(Pd)基催化剂是直接乙醇燃料电池研究中广泛使用的催化剂,进一步提升其性能是推动燃料电池发展的重要方向。本文用一步水热法制备出四面体结构PdCo(PdCo tetrahedron,记为PdCo-TH)和少量铱(Ir)掺杂的PdCo四面体合金纳米粒子(记为PdCoIr-TH)。经TEM、ICP、XPS及CV等表征证实,PdCoIr-TH为三元合金纳米粒子,且掺杂的Ir元素倾向分布在催化剂表层。相比于商业Pd/C催化剂,PdCo-TH/C和PdCoIr-TH/C对乙醇电氧化的催化性能显著增强。研究结果表明,Pd9Co1Ir0.1-TH/C在低电位(< -0.25 V)下具有最高的乙醇电氧化活性和稳定性。Ir掺杂不仅提高了催化剂抗CO毒化的能力还有利于乙醇起始氧化电位负移。同时,随着Ir含量的增加,所制备的纳米催化剂的乙醇电氧化C1产物选择性也随之升高。针对不同组成催化剂反应性的差异,本文认为Co与Ir位点上容易产生OHad物种,这将有利于活性Pd位点上乙醇电氧化中间反应物种的有效转化。除了以上的各位点间的协同效应,三元合金的形成,进一步调控了Pd的d带电子结构,从而促进了催化剂反应性的改变。As a new energy conversion device, direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs) are widely concerned because of their remarkable advantages such as high theoretical energy density and wide fuel sources. However, the rapid development of DEFCs has been severely impeded due to the sluggish kinetic process and toxic intermediates especially in their anodic reactions. Palladium (Pd)-based materials are considered to be excellent anode catalysts for DEFCs, especially under alkaline conditions. And further improving their performance is an important direction to promote the development of DEFCs. Surface structure and composition are the key factors affecting the performance of catalysts which can be improved by reasonable regulation. It is reported that high-index faceted structures and element doping are beneficial to improve the performance of catalyst. In this work, the advantages of these two strategies were used comprehensively to prepare Pd-based catalysts with high efficiency. Palladium cobalt (PdCo) and Ir-doped PdCo tetrahedron alloy nanocatalysts (denoted by PdCo-TH and PdCoIr-TH, respectively) have been successfully prepared by one-step hydrothermal method. The characterization results of TEM, ICP, XPS and CV show that the PdCo-TH binary and PdCoIr-TH ternary alloys were formed, while Ir element was mainly distributed on the PdCoIr-TH surface. Compared with the commercial Pd/C, the PdCo-TH/C and PdCoIr-TH/C exhibited the enhanced catalytic properties toward ethanol oxidation reaction in alkaline solutions. Particularly, the Pd9Co1Ir0.1-TH/C catalyst showed the best activity and stability toward EOR, especially at low potentials (< -0.25 V). And Ir sites not only resisted CO poison effectively, but also shifted the initial oxidation potential of ethanol negatively. Meanwhile, the selectivity of C1 products during the electrocatalytic oxidation of ethanol has been greatly improved with the increase of Ir content. The enhanced reactivities of PdCo-TH/C and PdCoIr-TH/C could be attributed to: (a) The coexistence of Co sites and Ir sites on the surfaces can generate OHad species which can promote the oxidation of intermediate adsorbed species on Pd sites and (b) the negative shift in electron binding energy of Pd due to the addition of Ir may make reaction intermediates desorb more difficultly, which might make the reactivity of PdCoIr-TH/C differ from that of PdCo-TH/C. This research work has demostrated a strategic approach for future development in high efficiency catalysts used for DEFCs.国家自然科学基金项目(21802112);国家自然科学基金项目(21773198)通讯作者:黄蕊,孙世刚E-mail:[email protected];[email protected]:RuiHuang,Shi-GangSunE-mail:[email protected];[email protected]厦门大学化学化工学院,固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室,福建 厦门 361005State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, Chin

类泛素蛋白及其中文命名

泛素家族包括泛素及类泛素蛋白,约20种成员蛋白.近年来,泛素家族领域取得了迅猛发展,并已与生物学及医学研究的各个领域相互交叉.泛素家族介导的蛋白质降解和细胞自噬机制的发现分别于2004和2016年获得诺贝尔奖.但是,类泛素蛋白并没有统一规范的中文译名. 2018年4月9日在苏州召开的《泛素家族介导的蛋白质降解和细胞自噬》专著的编委会上,部分作者讨论了类泛素蛋白的中文命名问题,并在随后的\"泛素家族、自噬与疾病\"(Ubiquitinfamily,autophagy anddiseases)苏州会议上提出了类泛素蛋白中文翻译草案,此草案在参加该会议的国内学者及海外华人学者间取得了高度共识.冷泉港亚洲\"泛素家族、自噬与疾病\"苏州会议是由美国冷泉港实验室主办、两年一度、面向全球的英文会议.该会议在海内外华人学者中具有广泛影响,因此,参会华人学者的意见具有一定的代表性.本文介绍了10个类别的类泛素蛋白的中文命名,系统总结了它们的结构特点,并比较了参与各种类泛素化修饰的酶和它们的生物学功能.文章由45名从事该领域研究的专家合作撰写,其中包括中国工程院院士1名,相关学者4名,长江学者3名,国家杰出青年科学基金获得者18名和美国知名高校华人教授4名.他们绝大多数是参加编写即将由科学出版社出版的专著《泛素家族介导的蛋白质降解和细胞自噬》的专家

中国超大城市空气污染和人体健康 (APHH-Beijing) 中英联合研究计划 最终报告

Chinese versio

黄河口滨岸潮滩不同表现型翅碱蓬K、Ca、Mg含量与累积的季节变化

2008年5-11月,对黄河口滨岸潮滩2种表现型翅碱蓬的K、Ca、Mg含量与累积的季节变化进行了研究。结果表明,中潮滩翅碱蓬(JP1)和低潮滩翅碱蓬(JP2)不同器官生物量均具有明显季节动态,总体表现为JP1&gt;JP2,且均符合抛物线模型。二者枯落物量均呈递增变化,符合指数增长模型;JP1、JP2不同部分K、Ca、Mg含量的变化模式差异较大,其中K含量大多符合抛物线/线性模型,而Ca、Mg含量大多呈Gauss曲线变化;JP1、JP2不同时期各部分的K、Ca、Mg含量差异明显,其中JP1根、叶和枯落物的K、Ca、Mg含量大多高于JP2,而JP2茎的Ca、Mg含量则高于JP1;JP1、JP2不同部分K、Ca、Mg的相关性、储量及累积速率差异明显,茎、叶分别为JP1、JP2K的主要储库(43.02%&plusmn;20.80%和48.03%&plusmn;4.31%),而叶均是Ca、Mg的主要储库(40.38%&plusmn;18.34%,50.58%&plusmn;20.73%和62.96%&plusmn;10.56%,58.02%&plusmn;10.62%);JP1、JP2不同器官生物量及其K、Ca、Mg含量、储量、累积速率的变化及差异主要与其生态学特性、不同器官营养功能及所处生境的水盐状况有关。 &nbsp