Correlation between use of social software and high risk behaviors of HIV infection among MSM in Beijing

目的了解北京市男男性行为者（MSM）社交软件的使用与人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染及其影响因素的相关性,为今后干预工作提供依据。方法 2016年3—5月,由社区小组招募MSM进行问卷调查,同时进行HIV抗体检测。结果共招募215名MSM,回收有效问卷214份。214人的平均年龄为30.8岁;学历在大专及以上者占73.4%;同性恋者占72.4%;84.6%的人主要通过社交软件寻找性伴。214人中确证HIV感染5人,阳性率为2.3%。分析显示,是否使用社交软件、是否使用同性社交软件和是否使用普通人群社交软件均与HIV感染不相关。多因素分析结果显示,受教育程度高、性取向为同性恋的人更多地使用同性社交软件。63.1%被调查者自述曾经在社交软件上了解到艾滋病防治相关知识,但自述了解程度与是否通过社交软件获得相关信息不相关。结论 MSM社交软件的使用与HIV感染情况无关,也没有增加其对艾滋病知识的了解。但可以考虑改进同性社交软件功能,增加艾滋病防治知识内容,对MSM尤其是高学历、自我定位为同性恋的MSM进行艾滋病防治宣传。[Objective] To understand the correlation between the use of social software and human immunodeficiency virus（HIV）infection and its influencing factors among men who have sex with men（MSM）in Beijing,provide the basis for future intervention work.[Methods]From May to March in 2016,MSM was recruited by community groups to carry out a questionnaire survey and HIV antibody of them was detected.[Results]A total of 215 MSM were recruited and 214 valid questionnaires were recovered. The average age of the 214 MSM was 30.8 years old,73.4% had the education level in college and above,the homosexuals accounted for 72.4%,and84.6% of the respondents mainly found sexual partners through the social software. There were 5 cases of confirmed HIV infection among 214 MSM with the positive rate of 2.3%. The analysis revealed that whether the respondents use the social software,the homosexual social software and the general social software were not related to HIV infection. The results of multivariate analysis showed that people with higher educational level and homosexual orientation were more likely to use the homosexual social software. 63.1% of respondents reported that they had been obtained the knowledge of AIDS prevention and control from social software,but the understanding level was not related to whether the relevant information was obtained through social software or not.[Conclusion]The use of social software has no correlation with HIV infection among MSM,and does not increase their knowledge level of AIDS prevention and control. However,it is necessary to improve the function of the homosexual social software and increase the content of AIDS prevention and control knowledge to carry out the AIDS education among MSM,especially those with higher educational level and homosexual orientation

产科护士母乳喂养知识水平及其影响因素的现状调查

目的调查产科护士母乳喂养知识水平,并分析其影响因素。方法采用母乳喂养知识问卷对127名产科护士进行调查。结果产科护士缺乏全面而系统的母乳喂养知识,母乳喂养知识回答平均正确率为57.31%。年龄和产科工作年限是产科护士母乳喂养知识的主要影响因素。结论应对产科护士进行针对性的母乳喂养知识培训,提高产科护士在临床工作中母乳喂养的支持力度

Analysis of water use efficiency and its dynamics in Shandong Province during 2011 -2020

In order to further enhance the water use efficiency (WUE), four WUE indicators as well as the data envelopment analysis (DEA)model and Malmquist index were combined to evaluate the WUE of 16 cities in Shandong Province during 2011 - 2020. The results showed that the WUE in Shandong Province was overall higher than that of China, but its development was unbalanced in different cities of the province. The agricultural, industrial and comprehensive water use levels in Jiaodong Peninsula were the highest among Shandong Province (especially Tsingtao City), followed by central Shandong Province, then southern Shandong Province, and northwestern Shandong Province ranked lowest (especially Binzhou and Liaocheng cities). The DEA was effective for 8 cities (Jinan, Tsingtao, Zibo, Yantai, Jining, Weihai, Rizhao and Heze)in terms of scale and technology; whereas the other 8 cities could not achieve the DEA effectiveness, among which Liaocheng City had the lowest WUE over the whole province. Furthermore, the total factor productivity (TFP)change index of Shandong Province has increased by 8.2% on average from 2011 to 2020, suggesting that the WUE in Shandong Province showed an upward trend mainly due to the increase in the technological progress. Particularly, the TFP index has increased by more than 10% in Tsingtao, Yantai and Weihai cities. However, it has overall declined since 2014 over the whole province, which even dropped to less than one during 2019 -2020. Therefore, the WUE of Shandong Province needs to be improved urgently in the near future. In order to ensure the sustainable utilization of water resources and the high-quality development of economic society, it is suggested that the investment in science and technology should be strengthened and the technological innovation should be promoted in Shandong Province. In addition, it is necessary to reasonably control the production scale in northwestern and southern Shandong Province and to promote the use of unconventional water resources

流域-河口-近海系统氮、磷营养盐输移研究综述

综述了流域-河口-近海系统氮、磷营养盐的主要来源、营养盐输移的影响因素等方面的研究,介绍了当前营养盐输移研究的主要方法,并概括了氮、磷营养盐在流域-河口-近海系统的整体性研究. 在此基础上,提出了该领域研究存在的主要问题及未来展望,强调了将流域、河口与近海系统作为一个整体,并充分发挥分布式模型的优势开展营养盐输移研究的重要

流域-河口-近海系统氮、磷营养盐输移研究综述

综述了流域-河口-近海系统氮、磷营养盐的主要来源、营养盐输移的影响因素等方面的研究,介绍了当前营养盐输移研究的主要方法,并概括了氮、磷营养盐在流域-河口-近海系统的整体性研究。在此基础上,提出了该领域研究存在的主要问题及未来展望,强调了将流域、河口与近海系统作为一个整体,并充分发挥分布式模型的优势开展营养盐输移研究的重要性。

Analysis and Strategy of Drinking Water Pollution Accidents in Recent 20 Years in China

饮用水安全问题是我国面临的突出环境问题,它直接关系到人民群众的生命和健康。通过检索相关文献资料,查阅到我国1986-2005年发生的152起饮用水污染事故,从事故的特点、原因和危害3个方面进行了分析。从时间上看,1995-2005年是饮用水污染事故的高发期,集中了87.5%的事故;从区域上看,华东地区是事故高发区,共44起。污染类型以生物污染为主,占69.1%,远远高于化学污染的比例。从事故发生地点看,接近一半的事故发生在居民区,其次是学校。供水环节中,以水源污染为主,占56.6%。生活污染是导致饮用水污染的主要因素,占65.1%,其次是工业污染。水源污染是事故发生的主要原因。饮用水污染事故严重影响了居民正常饮水,甚至引发水性疾病的暴发流行或污染物中毒。为实现我国饮用水安全,提出了预防和处理饮用水污染事故的相应防治对策

Analysis and Strategy of Drinking Water Pollution Accidents in Recent 20 Years in China

饮用水安全问题是我国面临的突出环境问题,它直接关系到人民群众的生命和健康。通过检索相关文献资料,查阅到我国1986-2005年发生的152起饮用水污染事故,从事故的特点、原因和危害3个方面进行了分析。从时间上看,1995-2005年是饮用水污染事故的高发期,集中了87.5%的事故;从区域上看,华东地区是事故高发区,共44起。污染类型以生物污染为主,占69.1%,远远高于化学污染的比例。从事故发生地点看,接近一半的事故发生在居民区,其次是学校。供水环节中,以水源污染为主,占56.6%。生活污染是导致饮用水污染的主要因素,占65.1%,其次是工业污染。水源污染是事故发生的主要原因。饮用水污染事故严重影响了居民正常饮水,甚至引发水性疾病的暴发流行或污染物中毒。为实现我国饮用水安全,提出了预防和处理饮用水污染事故的相应防治对策

Analysis and Strategy of Drinking Water Pollution Accidents in Recent 20 Years in China

饮用水安全问题是我国面临的突出环境问题,它直接关系到人民群众的生命和健康。通过检索相关文献资料,查阅到我国1986-2005年发生的152起饮用水污染事故,从事故的特点、原因和危害3个方面进行了分析。从时间上看,1995-2005年是饮用水污染事故的高发期,集中了87.5%的事故;从区域上看,华东地区是事故高发区,共44起。污染类型以生物污染为主,占69.1%,远远高于化学污染的比例。从事故发生地点看,接近一半的事故发生在居民区,其次是学校。供水环节中,以水源污染为主,占56.6%。生活污染是导致饮用水污染的主要因素,占65.1%,其次是工业污染。水源污染是事故发生的主要原因。饮用水污染事故严重影响了居民正常饮水,甚至引发水性疾病的暴发流行或污染物中毒。为实现我国饮用水安全,提出了预防和处理饮用水污染事故的相应防治对策