ニュータウンに居住する専業主婦の外出頻度および主観的健康感との関係

専業主婦については、活動量や運動量の制限などが報告されている一方、若年期からの地域とのつながりにより外出頻度は維持されやすいと考えられる. そこで高齢者で報告されている外出頻度と主観的健康感との関連が専業主婦でもみられるのか、年齢による影響を明らかにすることを目的とした. 研究は大阪府堺市南区の一地区内の全世帯(3,069世帯)に無記名自記式の質問紙調査を行い、回答数1,820(回収率58.0%)の中から専業主婦701名を分析対象とした. 質問項目は最近1週間の外出頻度、主観的健康感について尋ねた. その結果、外出頻度は60代、70代後半、80代以上と段階的に減少した. 主観的健康感は加齢とともに不安あり群が増加した. 外出頻度と主観的健康感の関連は50代以上で外出頻度が減少するとともに主観的健康感が低下する傾向を認めた. 以上より、健康維持、増進のためには50代から年代ごとの取り組みが必要であることが示唆された.Physical activity levels and the amount of exercise in housewives are reportedly low; however, a high frequency of outings is likely to be maintained due to connection with local residents. This study aimed to identify the relationship between the frequency of outings and self-rated health in housewives, and investigate age-related effects. Anonymous self-administered questionnaires were distributed to 3,069 households in one district of Minami-ku, Sakai-shi, Osaka, and, of the 1,820 responses (response rate: 58.0%), 701 housewives were analyzed. Questionnaire items included the frequency of outings and self-rated health over the past one week. As the results of the questionnaire, the frequency of outings gradually decreased as the age advanced from their 60s to 80s or over. Regarding self-rated health, the number of subjects with anxiety increased with age. Among the subjects aged 50 or over, there was a decreasing trend in the frequency of outings and self-rated health. The findings suggest the need to take appropriate measures to maintain and promote the health of housewives aged 50 and over according to their age group

スプリントを成型する際にかける圧力の特徴 : 熟練作業療法士と作業療法学専攻学生の比較から

本研究では、スプリント製作が未経験である作業療法学生に見られた誤り動作、すなわち、「スプリントに指跡が残るほど強い力を加える」「肢位を崩す程の強い力で添わせる」等の動作から導かれた仮説「初心者が成型初期に手部掌側面にかける圧力は熟練者と比較して高い」を検証することが目的であった. この目的を達成するため、スプリント製作に熟練した作業療法士20名と作業療法学生29名を対象に、ニッタ社製把持力分布測定システム「グローブスキャンシステム」を使用し、成型中にかける圧力を経時的に測定した. そして、熟練者と初心者が手部掌側面にかけた圧力を抽出し、比較検証を行った. その結果、熟練者に比べ初心者が有意に高い圧力をかけていることが明らかになり、仮説は立証された. 今後は、本研究で測定した圧力を手の区分別に抽出し、熟練者と初心者を比較すること、および、各々がどの区分に圧力をかけているのか区分別の比較を行うことにより、熟練者と初心者の特徴をより明らかにしていきたいと考える.In this study, there was a hypothesis led by error movement found in an occupational therapy student(the following, a beginner) that sprint production was inexperienced namely movement to "make it go by strong power as we destroyed the position" to "add strong power so that a finger mark stayed for the sprint" for the purpose of that "the pressure that a beginner could write in the palm side was higher than an expert" inspected. In 20 occupational therapists who were an expert of sprint production and 29 beginners, we measured the pressure to a palm side to be able to write during molding with a grasp distribution measurement system "glove scan system" made in Nitta Industries Corporation with time to achieve this purpose. And we extracted the pressure that an expert and a beginner hung in the whole palm side and inspected comparison. As a result, it became clear that a beginner took significantly high pressure as compared with an expert, and the hypothesis was proved. We extract the pressure that we measured in this study according to category of the hand and want to determine the characteristic of an expert and the beginner by a thing comparing according to the category more in future which category thing and each compare a beginner with an expert put pressure on

利き手・非利き手での到達把持動作での予測的な戦略の検討 : Preshaping出現時点に着目して

本研究の目的は3つある. 一つは、健常成人を対象に、利き手・非利き手の到達把持動期間中のPreshaping出現時点の比較. 二つ目は、利き手と非利き手のSTEF遂行時間の比較. 3つ目はPreshaping出現時点とSTEF遂行時間の検討である. 結果、Preshaping出現時点は利き手が、非利き手よりも有意に遅延していた. STEF遂行時間では、利き手が非利き手よりも遂行時間が有意に速かった. また、これらPreshaping出現時点とSTEF遂行時間では負の相関を示した。利き手は、非利き手よりも運動経験が豊富であることから予測的なPreshaping出現が遅れていてもFeed-Forwardによる誤差が少なく、運動表出は円滑と行えていると考えられた. 非利き手では、運動経験が利き手よりも劣る為、Preshapingを早期に出現させ、視覚・体性感覚によるFeed-Backにより調整する必要が生じていることが考えられた.This study has three purposes. One examined the comparison at the Preshaping appearance time of the dominant hand and non-dominant hand. Two examined the comparison at the STEF accomplishment time of dominant hand and non-dominant hand. Three examined the Preshaping appearance time and elaborate operation capability, and relevance. In Pre-shaping, a dominant hand was more significantly than a non-dominant hand delayed. As for the STEF accomplishment time, dominant was significantly quicker in accomplishment time than a non-dominant hand. Preshaping appearance time and STEF execution time had negative correlation. With its dominant hand, just before contact was considered that it can perform movement processing smoothly from movement experience being abundant. With non-dominant hand, since movement experience was inferior to dominant hand, it was thought according to making Pre-shaping appear at an early stage that it was adjusting for vision and somatic sensation information

緊張性振動反射が動作学習に与える影響 : 脳血管障害患者の肘関節伸展動作に着目して

本研究は脳血管障害患者8名を対象に麻痺側肘関節伸展動作の介入時に、緊張性振動反射（Tonic Vibration Reflex; TVR）を用いる事での動作学習への効果とその持続時間について明らかにする事を目的とした。研究デザインはクロスオーバー比較試験であり、条件①（肘関節屈曲伸展動作を自動運動で30回実施する条件）、条件②（条件①実施の際、肘関節伸展時に上腕三頭筋へのTVR を与えて実施する条件）の2条件である。各介入5、10分後にactive-ROMを測定して効果を検討した。介入5分後では両群共に条件②が条件①よりも有意に肘関節伸展角度が大きかった。介入10分後では両群共に条件間で有意差を示さなかった。このことからTVRを用いた機能的介入は即時効果としての促通効果に繋がる一方で、長期的な効果は認められなかった。これは本研究での介入期間が短すぎたことから、運動段階での内在的Feedbackに繋がらなかった事で忘却したものと考えられたThe purpose of this study was to examine effective use of TVR（Tonic Vibration Reflex） in motor training. Research Condition 1： The first condition consists of extending and flexing of a test subject\u27s elbow joint 30times without the use of TVR with a range of motion test of five and ten minutes. Research Condition 2： The second condition consists of using TVR on the triceps of the test subject\u27s elbow joint before extending and flexing the test subject\u27s elbow joint again 30times with a range of motion test of five and ten minutes. Results： After completing both tests, results shows that there is a significant and visible difference of the extension angle of the elbow joint while using TVR during the first five minutes of testing with both research conditions. However, there was not any significant or visible difference after the use of TVR after the ten minutes intervals of testing. Conclusion： TVR has an immediate effect in motor training. However, the TVR effect is only for a short amount of time. The possible reason for these results may be the short amount of time that was used to conduct the testing

利き耳・非利き耳側への聴覚刺激が重心動揺に与える効果 足圧中心(COP)総軌跡長・矩形面積・外周面積に着目して

本研究は，利き耳・非利き耳側からの聴覚刺激が重心動揺に与える効果について検討した．被験者は健常若年者30名である．本研究は横断研究である．重心動揺の測定には重心動揺計を使用し，足圧中心（COP）総軌跡長・矩形面積・外周面積を抽出して比較検討した．研究条件は条件①：聴覚刺激無，条件②：利き耳側からの聴覚刺激，条件③：非利き耳側からの聴覚刺激である．結果，聴覚刺激無（条件①）と，利き耳側から聴覚刺激（条件②）では両群で有意な差を示さなかった．非利き耳側からの聴覚刺激（条件③）は，聴覚刺激無（条件①）と利き耳側から聴覚刺激（条件②）を比較したところ重心動揺が有意に減少していた．これにより，非利き耳側から入力された聴覚刺激は脳の側性化により対側半球の空間認知機能局在に情報が伝搬され，姿勢の調整に影響を与えていることが推察された．The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of auditory stimulation from dominant ear/nondominant ear on body sway. The subject were 30 healthy young people. This study was a Cross-Sectional study. The assessment of body sway was taken as the total length of Center of pressure（COP） displacements, Rectangular area, and Environmental area of COP using the stabilometer. Research Condition ①：Conditions that do not give auditory stimulation. Research Condition ②：Conditions of giving an auditory stimulus from the dominant ear side. Research Condition ③：Conditions for giving an auditory stimulus from the non-dominant ear side. As a result, Condition ① and Condition ② showed no significant difference in both groups. Condition ③ decreased significantly than Condition ① . Condition ③ also decreased significantly than condition ② . These results, auditory stimulation input from the non-dominant ear is sent to the cerebral hemisphere on the opposite side by laterality. From this, it is considered that the effect was given the body sway

運動方向の違いが到達把持運動時の指先距離に与える影響

本研究は、運動方向の違いが到達把持運動時の指先距離に与える影響を検討する事を目的とした。対象は、健常成人12名である。大球・中球・小球の3種類の物品を、正面(以下;F)、右45°(以下;R)、左45°(以下;L)に設置し、各物品に対する"F"・"R"・"L"の運動方向へ到達把持運動を実施し、動作解析法を用いて、動作開始から物品接触までの指先距離を抽出し,3群間で比較検討した。結果、大球の比較では、60～90%の時点において、"F"が、"L"より、指間距離は有意に広く、さらに"L"が"R"においても指先距離は有意に広かった。中球比較では、70～90%の時点で、"F"が"L"より、有意に指先距離が広く、さらに"R"が"L"より有意に広かった。小球では、60～95%の時点で、"L"が"F"より有意に指先距離が広く、さらに"L"が"R"より有意に広かった。これらのことから、"L"への到達把持運動では"F"・"L"と異なったパターンを示し、これらの要因として、肩関節・手関節における関節の自由度に対する方向調整と適応調整による動作パターンの違いが考えられ、運動方向の違いでの手指の形成パターンは異なることが明らかとなった。This study was intended to examine whether the difference in the movement direction affects the distance of the fingertip at the time of reaching the gripping movement. The subject is a healthy adult 12 people. Target is the large ball, medium ball and small ball, which is the three types. Placed of the target is a Front("F") and Right45°("R"), left 45 °("L") . Between three groups by extracting the distance of the fingertip with reach and grasping motion is compared motion analysis to each target. Result, In the comparison of large ball, "L" is significantly wider distance of the fingertip at time of 65-90% than the "F". "L" was more significantly wider than "R". In the comparison of medium ball, "F" is significantly wider distance of the fingertip at the time of 20-40% than the "L", "L" was significantly wider than "R". In the comparison of small ball, "L" is significantly wider distance of the fingertip at the time of 60-95% than the "F". "L" was significantly wider than "R". From these things, this study showed that the difference in the movement direction affects the fingers forming the pattern

リハビリテーション医療系学生の抑うつ状況について : 学習性無気力の観点から

リハビリテーション医療系学生は、授業の多さとそれに伴う課題の多さ、長期にわたる実習、国家試験などストレッサーとなる出来事が数多く長期に継続する特徴がある. 長期にわたるストレッサーの中、学生は「学習性無気力」の状況にあるのではないかと考え、学生の抑うつ傾向をはじめ自尊感情・ストレス反応など心理的状況を調査した. 結果として、抑うつ傾向・ストレス反応が高くまた自尊感情は低い状況が明らかになった. また家庭内に相談できる人物が多いこと、また睡眠・休養・食事のいわゆる生活リズムが確立していることが、抑うつ傾向を抑えることが示された. 学生生活や精神状態について家族と情報を共有すること、また生活リズムの確立に向けた援助が、教員として必要であると考えられた.Rehabilitation Medical student, there is a feature event to be a large number of stressors and challenges of multi-class, training for a long period of time, such as the national examination to continue in the long-term number. Under the influence of the stressor long-lasting, and is in a situation of "learned helplessness"to students, I guess. And I investigated the psychological conditions such as stress response and self-esteem and depression of students. That as a result, stress response and depression is high, self-esteem is low have been revealed. Which of the following influence to suppress the tendency of depression, it was that there is more than one person you can talk to family. Further, it may life including diet and rest and sleep is stable affects the suppression of depression was shown. I was considered the assistance for the establishment of life rhythm, is necessary as a teacher and that, to share information with the family about the mental state and student life

自閉スペクトラム症児の偏食の要因と保護者の対応 - 保護者の困り感が高い群に着目して

自閉スペクトラム症児（以下,ASD児）には,偏食がみられることが多い.本研究では,保護者の困り感が高い事例への示唆を得る為,偏食の要因と保護者の対応の特徴を明らかにすることを目的とした.方法として,3～18歳のASD児保護者を対象に,偏食に関する質問紙調査を行い,困り感の高さの程度により群別で比較検討を行った.結果,154部（回収率70.6%）の回答を得て,未診断・偏食無を除く101部（男児89名・女児12名,平均年齢7.18±3.18歳）を分析対象とした.困り感の高い群（26名、以下高群）の食べられる食品数は,16/47品（34%）と低く,「外食が困難である」と答えた割合が75%を占めた.嫌いな食べ物は,単品名ではなく,魚・野菜類など食品群全体が挙がる傾向にあった.食べない要因（感覚的要因、口腔的要因、認知的要因）は,他群と比較して,こだわり・見通し・慣れ等の認知的要因が有意に高かった（p<0.05）.また高群は,偏食への対応（50項目）のうち,平均30項目の対応を実践していたが,保護者が,効果があったと感じる割合（以下,効果率）は56.3%にとどまった.比較的効果率が高い対応（70%以上）には,「終わり・次を明確に」「決まったメーカーに」「一口サイズで」「味や食感を変える」「味を混ぜない」等であった.以上より,高群の特徴として,偏食の要因は認知的側面が強く,保護者は「終わり・次を明確に」「決まったメーカーにする」等といった,見通しをもたせる等の認知的要因に対する対応に効果を感じていることが明らかになった.Purpose: Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) have many problematic eating behaviors. The purpose of this study was to clarify the factors and strategies for selective eating in children with ASD. Methods: Participants were 218 families of 3-18 years-old-children with ASD, They responded to a questionnaire and divided into three groups: great, minor and no feeding difficulties. We focused on families experienced great difficulties. This study was accepted by ethical review board of Osaka Prefecture University. Findings: 154 families responded, and the response rate was 70.6%. We analyzed 101 children and excluded children with no diagnosis and no selective eating behaviors. There were 89 boys and 12 girls. The average age was 7.18±3.18 years old. In the group of great difficulties (26 children with ASD), they were able to eat was 16 out of 47 items (34%), and 75% were difficult to eat out. Items the children hate were not the individual item, but the big food groups, such as vegetables or fish. The cognitive factors were greatly affected in the group of great difficulties compared with sensory or oral factors. In contrast, the main problem was oral factors in the group of no difficulties (p <0.05). In the group of great difficulties, they tried the average of 30 out of 50 strategies to overcome selective eating, but the effective rate was 56.3%. The strategies with high effective rate (more than 70%) were ‘clarifying each step and process’, ‘preparing the same brand’, ‘making food bite-size’, ‘Changing the flavors and textures’, and ‘no mixing flavors’.Conclusion: The problem was mostly due to cognitive factors, such as obsession and familiarity. The very effective strategies were presenting meals in a predictable way, such as ‘clarifying each step and process ’