Endophytic and epiphytic Trichoderma of banana：diversity, population structure and biocontrol activities with banana wilt

通过对五种培养基的筛选获得了两种对木霉选择效率高，专一性好的木霉选择培养基（TSB和改良的TSM培养基）。利用这两种选择培养基，从香蕉（MusasapientumL.）根系中分离得到187株木霉，其中29株为内生木霉。香蕉木霉共分布在七个种内，表生木霉五个种，为棘孢木霉(Trichodermaasperellum)，深绿木霉(T.atroviride)，绿色木霉(T.virens)，哈茨木霉(H.lixii)，康氏木霉(T.koningii);内生四个种，为棘孢木霉（T.asperellum），短密木霉（T.brevicompactum），绿色木霉（T.virens），黄绿木霉（T.aureo...We chose two isolation media which can select Trichoderma spp from soil with high efficiency from five media. We isolated 187 Trichoderma spp from banana roots by the two select isolation media. There were 29 endophyte Trichoderma strains. Seven Trichoderma species were identified. There were T. asperellum, T. atroviride, T. virens, H. lixii, T. koningii, T. brevicompactum, T. aureoviride. Three d...学位：理学硕士院系专业：生命科学学院生物学系_微生物学学号：2172006115215

膜法脱盐对纳米Fe_2O_3粉体粒度形貌等的影响

以截留分子量为100kDa的聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)超滤膜纯化液相沉淀法合成的纳米氧化铁水合物乳液,并以SEM、XRD、BET等考察不同残留氯化物含量对纳米Fe2O3粉体粒径、比表面积、形貌等微观结构的影响。结果表明,膜法纯化后纳米Fe2O3粉体颗粒呈规则球状,表面界限清晰,且粒径变小,比表面积增大,性能因而得到优化

膜法纯化液相沉淀法合成的纳米Fe_2O_3水合物

采用超滤膜分离技术纯化由液相沉淀法合成的纳米氧化铁水合物,考察超滤膜材质及截留分子量(MWCO)、膜分离过程操作参数对透过通量大小及稳定性的影响;并研究膜污染机制及相应的清洗方案。结果表明,纯化效果好、效率高,且污染膜易于清洗,可重复使用,膜法纯化不失为一有效的纯化新途径

我国厦门地区散发性戊型肝炎病毒部分核苷酸序列分析

自新疆发生戊型肝炎（HE）暴发流行以来，已陆续报道我国其他地区存在散发感染〔1〕。本实验室已报道我国广州地区的散发性HEV与我国北方和国外HEV在基因结构上有明显不同〔2，3〕。最近又对从厦门地区急性HE病人的血清中检出的HEVrnA作序列分析，结果...总后指令性课

Electric-field-induced selective catalysis of single-molecule reaction

随着单分子电学检测技术的迅速发展，分子电子学的研究不再局限于分子电子学器件的构筑及其电学性质的测量，而且扩展到单分子尺度化学反应过程的探索。然而目前相关的研究仍然局限于理论计算方面，在单分子尺度上实时监测和调控化学反应的活性和选择性是化学领域的长期目标和挑战。针对这一挑战，洪文晶教授课题组与程俊教授课题组合作，自主研发了精密科学仪器，将单个有机分子定向连接在两个末端尺寸为原子级的电极之间，解决了化学反应中分子取向控制的问题.理论计算结果证实了定向电场可以有效地稳定化学反应的过渡态，从而降低反应能垒。该研究工作在化学化工学院洪文晶教授、程俊教授、能源材料化学协同创新中心（iChEM）刘俊扬副研究员的共同指导下完成，由硕士研究生黄晓艳、iChEM博士研究生唐淳、博士研究生李洁琼以及兰州大学的陈力川博士作为共同第一作者，化学化工学院师佳副教授、陈招斌高级工程师、夏海平教授和田中群教授，萨本栋微纳研究院杨扬副教授、环境与生态学院白敏冬教授以及兰州大学张浩力教授参与了研究工作的讨论并给予指导，博士后乐家波、博士研究生郑珏婷、张佩（已毕业）、李瑞豪、李晓慧也参与了研究工作。Oriented external electric fields (OEEFs) offer a unique chance to tune catalytic selectivity by orienting the alignment of the electric field along the axis of the activated bond for a specific chemical reaction; however, they remain a key experimental challenge. Here, we experimentally and theoretically investigated the OEEF-induced selective catalysis in a two-step cascade reaction of the Diels-Alder addition followed by an aromatization process. Characterized by the mechanically controllable break junction (MCBJ) technique in the nanogap and confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in bottles, OEEFs are found to selectively catalyze the aromatization reaction by one order of magnitude owing to the alignment of the electric field on the reaction axis. Meanwhile, the Diels-Alder reaction remained unchanged since its reaction axis is orthogonal to the electric fields. This orientation-selective catalytic effect of OEEFs reveals that chemical reactions can be selectively manipulated through the elegant alignment between the electric fields and the reaction axis.This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFA0204902), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21722305, 21703188, 21673195, 21621091, 51733004, 51525303, and 91745103), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2017M622060), and the Young Thousand Talents Project of China. 该工作得到国家自然科学基金委（21722305、21703188、21673195、51733004、51525303、91745103），国家重点研发计划课题（2017YFA0204902），中国博士后面上基金（2017M622060）的资助，以及固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室、醇醚酯化工清洁生产国家工程实验室、能源材料化学协同创新中心的支持

Preliminary Study of Airborne Bacteria Community Structure of Aerosols of Xiamen in October

为了全面准确地研究厦门大气气溶胶的细菌群落构成,使用不依赖于培养的分子生态学手段对厦门市区10月份大气气溶胶中的细菌群落结构多样性进行了分析.通过气溶胶采样器在10月份3次收集了气溶胶样品,利用膜dnA提取试剂盒能够较有效地提取到气溶胶中的环境dnA,并且所提取的dnA能够用于后续的PCr扩增及细菌16S rrnA基因克隆文库的构建.克隆文库中的100个克隆子分别分布在3个细菌类群中,分别是:壁厚菌门(fIrMICuTES),β及γ变形细菌门(PrOTEObACTErIA).其中厚壁菌门的克隆子占71%,β变形细菌门占28%,γ变形细菌门占1%.细菌气溶胶的优势菌为SOlI-bACIlluS属、微小杆菌属(EXIguObACTErIuM)、罗尔斯顿菌属(rAlSTOnIA).在所构建的克隆文库中,发现有部分的克隆子的序列与致病菌或机会致病菌的16S rrnA基因的序列相似,包括引起医院血液感染的细菌不动杆菌属(ACInETObACTEr)和皮氏罗尔斯顿菌(rAlSTOnIA PICkETTII),坏疽性口炎及口腔溃疡病原菌(CAryOPHAnOn SP.)等.为长期全面监测厦门市微生物气溶胶的组成与变化以及评估空气中微生物对人类健康的潜在影响提供了重要信息.In order to reveal the airborne bacteria community structure of aerosols of Xiamen,the microbial community of aerosols collected at Xiamen in October 2009 was investigated using culture independent method.Clone library of 100 clones was constructed with PCR-amplified bacterial 16S rRNA genes from genomic DNA directly isolated from aerosols.Phylogenetic analysis showed that the clones could be affiliated into Firmicutes(71% of total clones),β-Proteobacteria(28%) and γ-Proteobacteria(1%).The dominant bacterial lineages were Solibacillus,Exiguobacterium and Ralstonia.Some sequences were similar to the 16S rRNA sequences of pathogens or conditional pathogens including hospital blood infections pathogens Acinetobacter,Ralstonia pickettii and Noma Lesions pathogens Caryophanon sp..Our study suggested that the possible public health problems caused by airborne microorganisms and urged the importance of long-term monitoring of aerosol microbial communities in Xiamen,as well as other cities in China.国家海洋局海洋-大气化学与全球变化重点实验室开放基金课题(GCMAC0801);国家海洋局海洋公益性行业科研专项基金(200805068);国家海洋局青年海洋科学基金(2008603

BIODIVERSITY of AIRBORNE BACTERIA AT THE GREAT WALL STATION,ANTARCTICA

微生物是气溶胶的重要组成部分。本研究通过收集南极长城站附近气溶胶,构建气溶胶中空气微生物16S rrnA基因文库,发现南极空气微生物具有很高的多样性,93个克隆子包含了53个OTu(OPErATIOnAl TAXOnOMIC unIT),SHAnnOn指数为3.58,SIMPSOn指数为0.04。南极长城站空气微生物的主要细菌类群为ACTInObACTErIA、CyAnObACTErIA/CHlOrOPlASTS、bACTErOIdETES、fIrMICuTES、PlAnCTOMyCETES、PrOTEObACTErIA及VErruCOMICrObIA等7个门,PrOTEObACTErIA门的细菌是优势类群,占长城站空气微生物细菌克隆文库的65.7%。克隆文库中海源微生物序列及陆源微生物序列各占30.1%,说明长城站附近具有较强的海陆大气交换。我们发现有15个克隆子序列与人类活动相关,占总克隆子数的16.1%,说明人类活动已经影响到了长城站的空气微生物群落结构。Bacteria are an important component of aerosols,which are closely connected with human life.This study analyzed the community structure of air-borne bacteria at the Great Wall Station,Antarctica,based on 16S rRNA gene clone library analysis.High diversity of airborne bacteria was observed in the aerosol samples.Ninety-three sequences from the clone library could be classified into 53 OTUs(Operation Taxonomic Units) based on 97% sequence similarity.The Shannon and Simpson index of the clone library were 3.58 and 0.04,respectively.Based on phylogenetic analysis the sequences were affiliated with seven phyla,including Actinobacteria,Cyanobacteria / Chloroplast,Bacteroidetes,Firmicutes,Planctomycetes,Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia.Proteobacterial sequences accounted for 65.7% of the clone library.Sequences derived from marine and terrestrial environments accounted for 30.1% of the library,suggesting a strong atmospheric exchange between land and sea at the Great Wall Station.In addition,there were 15 sequences related to human activity,indicating that human influence has already affected the airborne microbial community structure at the Great Wall Station.国家自然科学基金(41106168); 国家海洋局海洋-大气化学与全球变化重点实验室开放基金(GCMAC1003); 厦门大学基础创新科研基金(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金2011121012)资

Comparative study of aquatic bacterial community from 4 ponds farming mud crabs,Scylla paramamosain

本研究在福建、广东沿海选取了四个拟穴青蟹养殖池(编号为fJ-Cb、fJ-SC、gd-C、fJ-C)作为研究水样的采集地点,通过构建上述水样中细菌16S rrnA基因克隆文库来探究青蟹养殖水体环境中的菌群结构组成.从四个所构建文库中共获得201条16S rrnA核酸序列,分析结果表明:fJ-Cb、fJ-SC、gd-C和fJ-C站位的优势菌群分别为红细菌目(rHOdObACTErAlES,25.00%)、红细菌目(rHOdObACTErAlES,30.88%)、蓝细菌(CyAnObACTErIA,39.58%)和蓝细菌(CyAnObACTErIA,62.16%);所构建文库中也检测到一些特有菌群序列,例如浮霉菌门(PlAnCTOMyCETES)、疣微菌门(VErruCOMICrObIA)、异常球菌-栖热菌门(dEInOCOCCuS-THErMuS)、绿弯菌门(CHlOrOflEXI)等.基于不同养殖水环境中优势菌种、特有菌种的区别,一方面反映了不同养殖场管理方式的不同,另一方面也表明各养殖池水质营养程度的差异.综上所述,本研究揭示了各站位拟穴青蟹养殖水环境中基本菌群的组成特征,对于青蟹等甲壳类海洋动物养殖病害的有效防治具有重要参考价值.To explore the aquatic bacteria community of mud crab,Scylla paramamosain,from farming ponds,we constructed 4 16S rRNA gene clone libraries from 4 mariculture ponds in the coastal provinces of Fujian and Guangdong.A total of 201 16S rRNA gene sequences from 4 clone libraries were identified.The dominant divisions of FJ-CB,FJ-SC,GD-C and FJ-C ponds were Rhodobacterales(25.00%),Rhodobacterales(30.88%),Cyanobacteria(39.58%) and Cyanobacteria(62.16%),respectively.Meanwhile,some sequences that were affiliated with uncommon phyla were observed in certain farming ponds,such as Planctomycetes,Verrucomicrobia,Deinococcus-Thermus and Chloroflexi.This kind of bacteria was probably involved in mariculture diseases.Therefore,it is worth to focus on the sequences,which were similar to the 16S rRNA gene sequences of pathogens or conditional pathogens like Rickettsiales.Besides,different dominant bacterium and specific bacterium not only showed dissimilar farming models of 4 ponds,but also indicated the distinct levels of nutrient in these ponds.Taken together,our study shed light on the possible aquatic microorganisms causing crab diseases and might be helpful for crab diseases control in the future.福建省自然科学基金资助项目(2009J05084);福建省自然科学基金重点资助项目(2010N0030);福建省科技重大专项资助项目(2010NZ0002-3);福建省高校杰出青年科研人才培育计划资助项目(JA10002