Demographic Transition in Taiwan

2 0世纪 80年代初期 ,我国的台湾地区完成了第一次人口转变 ,接着很快步入第二次人口转变阶段。与其他发展中国家和地区相比 ,台湾的人口转变具有早且快的特点。本文运用人口转变理论分析战后台湾人口转变的过程 ,探讨其发生的原因 ,对我国大陆未来人口政策的研制具有一定的参照与思考价值。In the 1980s, Taiwan has finished the first demographic transition, and then stepped into the stage of second demographic transition with a high speed. Compared with other developing countries and districts, Taiwan's demographic transition is earlier and quicker. This paper, using the theories of demographic transition, describes the process of Taiwan's demographic transition and analyzes its causation. This paper could be taken as reference for constituting the population policy of China mainland

The Study on Leisure Lives of Migrant Workers:A Survey from Lucheng Industry District in City Wenzhou

20世纪90年代以来，对城市现代生活的向往，已经开始逐渐成为外来务工者到城市打工的内在冲动。那么，在城市打工的外来务工者是否过上他们向往的城市生活？这个问题引起社会各界的广泛关注。本文选择“休闲生活”这个全新的视角来观察外来务工者的城市生活状态，沿着“外来务工者的休闲生活状况——外来务工者休闲生活的影响因素——改善外来务工者休闲生活的政策选择”这一思路展开研究。本文通过调查浙江省温州市鹿城工业区126名外来务工者，发现外来务工者的休闲生活与城市居民的休闲生活存在较大差距，并且较他们外出打工之前的休闲生活状况有所下降。本文还建立多学科的理论框架分析外来务工者休闲生活的主要影响因素，检验结果表明外...From 90’s in the last century, living a city life became gradually to be an important reason which urged more and more migrant workers to migrate into cities. How they live in cites? This question attached much attention of many social scientists. This paper studied the lives of migrant workers in cities through a new perspective “leisure life”. Using questionnaires, the author investigated 126 mi...学位：经济学硕士院系专业：经济学院人口研究所_人口、资源与环境经济学学号：20012000

An Analysis of Health Care of Floating Children

利用“厦门市开元区流动儿童健康与教育状况调研课题”的抽查结果 ,从流动母亲的孕产期保健、分娩方式以及流动儿童出生时的体重、4个月内的喂养、系统保健、预防接种和目前的健康水平等资料详细描述了流动儿童的卫生保健状况。通过一系列标准化的卫生保健指标的计算与比较 ,估计了流动儿童与常住儿童在卫生保健方面存在的差距 ,并借助 logistic多元回归模型 ,分析差距产生的主要原因。分析结果表明 ,流动人口的妇幼保健综合水平明显低于常住人口 ,其主要原因是流入地对流动人口的妇幼保健知识宣传还不很到位Using the data from the questionnaire survey of floating children in Kaiyuan district of Xiamen, this article describes the health care of floating children in detail, especially from the aspects of prenatal care, delivery pattern, birth weight, feeding within 4 months, all-round care, vaccination and health status, etc. Through a series of standardized indices of children health care, this article estimates the difference between floating children and local children and analyzes the determinants of the difference using a Logistic Multivariate Regression modeling. Based on above analysis, the article gives some suggestions to improve health care of floating children

On Women's Leisure Life——Take Fujiang Province as an Example

利用福建省第二期中国妇女社会地位抽样调查资料 ,从福建女性拥有的闲暇时间的多寡、闲暇活动的丰富程度以及闲暇活动的内容方面来考察福建女性的闲暇生活状况。并根据数据分析女性闲暇生活各个方面的影响因素。最后根据福建省女性闲暇生活的特点及其影响因素提出进一步改善女性闲暇生活的几点建议。By using the information from the random survey of women's social status in China conducted by Fujian Province the writer reviews the women's leisure life in terms of its length, its richness and its content. It accordingly analyzes the various correlative factors, and puts forward suggestions on further improving the women's leisure life

福建女性社会地位的变迁:1990-2000

本文利用第二期中国妇女社会地位抽样调查资料,通过与第一期抽查结果的动态比较以及与全国平均水平的横向对比,描述福建省女性社会地位的积极变化,分析福建女性社会地位发展中还存在的问题,并提出进一步提高福建女性社会地位的主要对策

Factors Affecting Health Care of Female Migrants during Pregnancy

本文利用“厦门市开元区流动儿童健康与教育状况调研课题”的抽查结果 ,描述流动妇女的孕期保健状况 ,并对流入厦门的流动妇女以及常住妇女的孕期保健水平进行比较 ,在此基础上提出影响流动妇女孕期保健水平的理论假设。logistic回归分析结果表明 ,流动妇女或配偶的文化程度、流出地的城乡类型、家庭收入水平以及已生育的孩子数量是决定流动妇女孕期保健水平的最重要因素。文章还结合分析结果提出改善流动妇女孕期保健状况的几点建议Using data from a sample survey on health and education status of migrant children in Kaiyuan District, Xiamen City, this paper analyses health care of migrant women during pregnancy, comparing migrant to non-migrant women. Theoretical hypotheses are proposed regarding the level of health care of migrant women during pregnancy. Logistic regression shows that education, place of residence, family income and number of children are among the most important factors affecting health care of migrant women during pregnancy. Finally the paper concludes with some policy recommendations for improving health care of migrant women during pregnancy

The Social Status of the Female in China and Its Influence Factors

女性对自身社会地位的主观评估主要取决于对自我能力的认可程度、母亲和自己的受教育水平、以及所居住区域的性别文化性质。对自己的能力树立信心是女性社会地位提高的一个与心理或性格相关联的先决条件,而教育投入则是提升女性社会地位一块不可或缺的重要基石。大男子区域文化不仅不合理地降低女性的社会地位,而且还让处于不平等社会地位中的女性感到自我满足。要进一步改善我国妇女的社会地位,就必须在注意提高妇女自信的心理素质和自强的教育素质的同时,从社区和社会层面消除以男权为核心的传统性别文化。The subjective self-assessment of the Women mainly depends on self- approval degree of ability, the educational level of themselves and their mothers and the sexual cultural nature of the inhabitant areas It is a precondition related to the psychology and the personality for women to establish their own confidence on their ability in order to raise their social status, while the educational input is the important and indispensable basis in promoting the social status of women The big man regional culture will not merely reduce the social status of women unreasonably, but also make the women who are in the unfair status feel satisfied In order to improve the social status of women in our country, we should dispel the traditional sexual culture with the male power as th core from the aspects community and society while raising the psychological quality and educational qualit

基于鸟类栖息地营建的城市湿地公园景观设计——以佳木斯柳树岛为例

城市湿地公园具有极高的生态价值与社会价值，鸟类作为生态系统的重要指示物种，为其营造适宜生存的栖息地，对于维护城市湿地生物多样性具有重要意义。为了给东北地区城市湿地公园中鸟类栖息地的修复、规划及管理提供参考，以黑龙江省佳木斯柳树岛为研究对象，通过解析柳树岛景观类型，调查鸟类资源，分析不同景观斑块与鸟类多样性的关系，提出基于鸟类栖息地营建的城市湿地公园景观设计策略，主要包括：对鸟类栖息地进行分区保护、退化生境修复、生态廊道构建、自然岸线及水环境恢复、营建适宜生存的植被群落和后期监测管理等

粤港澳大湾区PM_2.5本地与非本地污染来源解析

粤港澳大湾区（简称"大湾区"）建设是我国新时代重大国家战略之一.虽然大湾区空气质量在我国处于领先地位,但与世界先进湾区相比还有较大差距.制定大湾区PM2.5精细化防控策略,需要在识别大湾区各城市PM2.5污染来源的基础上,量化PM2.5本地和非本地贡献及时空变化规律.基于此,本研究首次在大湾区15个站点同步开展持续一年的PM2.5采样和组分分析,并将正定矩阵因子分析模型与后向轨迹结合,建立一种定量识别PM2.5本地与非本地贡献的新方法.通过对大湾区不同季节所属空气域进行划分,厘清大湾区各城市PM2.5本地与非本地贡献的动态化特征.结果发现,在2015年,大湾区15个站点共解析出9种PM2.5污染源,分别为机动车、重油、老化海盐、扬尘源、二次硫酸盐、二次硝酸盐、金属冶炼、生物质燃烧和新鲜海盐.其中,二次硫酸盐和机动车是大湾区最主要的两个PM2.5污染源.不同站点非本地贡献占比为51%～72%,表明外来传输是大湾区PM2.5污染的主要来源.内陆和沿海站点污染源的本地与非本地贡献差异较为显著,主要原因是气象条件和排放特征的差异.值得注意的是,2015年大湾区超过一半的时间处于同一个空气域,而有43%的时间处于两个不同空气域.进一步在每个季节划分空气域,发现大湾区处于两个空气域时,秋、冬季节沿海站点易形成单独的空气域,此时非本地贡献较强（68%～72%）;春季内陆站点易形成单独的空气域,此时本地贡献较强（94%）.基于对PM2.5本地和非本地贡献变化情况的定量识别,能够为大湾区各城市制定动态的PM2.5排放控制策略提供科学支撑. Development of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) is one of the national strategies in China. Although at the leading position of China, air quality in the GBA is still far worse than those in other renowned bay areas in the world, e.g. San Francisco, New York and Tokyo. To formulate refined PM2.5 prevention and control strategies in GBA, it is essential to identify PM2.5 emission sources in different cities of GBA, and to quantitatively characterize local and non-local contributions and their spatio-temporal variations. In this study, based on the first-ever regionally integrated PM2.5 speciation dataset simultaneously collected at fifteen stations across the GBA in the entire year of 2015, we developed a novel approach by combining Positive Matrix Factorization source apportionment with an optimized backward trajectory analysis, in an aim to quantify local and non-local contributions to PM2.5. Local and non-local contributions were further quantified in different air-sheds during different seasons, which provides important implications for city-level dynamic control of PM2.5 over the GBA. In 2015, nine source factors were identified, including vehicle exhaust, residual oil, aged sea salt, crustal soil, secondary sulfate, secondary nitrate, trace metals, biomass burning and fresh sea salt. Secondary sulfate was the largest contributor to PM2.5, followed by vehicle exhaust. Non-local contributions accounted for 51%~72% at different sites, suggesting PM2.5 over the GBA were mainly transported from outside. Significant differences in local and non-local relative contributions existed between inland and coastal areas, which was largely driven by emission and meteorological conditions. We also highlighted that GBA was in a single air-shed for more than half of time in 2015 and split into two air-sheds for 43% of time. Seasonal analysis revealed that in the two-air-shed pattern, non-local sources contributed 68%~72% over coastal stations which formed a separated air-shed in autumn and winter. In comparison, for the inland stations which formed a separated air-shed in spring, local contribution was predominant (94%). Based on the quantitative identification of local and non-local contributions and their seasonal and spatial variations, this study provides scientific guidance in formulating dynamic and region-specific PM2.5 control measures over the GBA. © 2020, Science Press. All right reserved

基于磷酸三丁酯的超浓盐酸的研究

利用磷酸三丁酯形成的反胶束在常温常压下制备出一种超浓盐酸,其酸水摩尔比(n_(HCl)/n_(H_2O))在0.50~1.50之间,高于常温常压下饱和浓盐酸的酸水摩尔比(0.28)。红外光谱的研究结果表明超浓盐酸中部分氯化氢未发生电离,而是以分子形式存在。同时HC1参与了体系内氢键网络的形成。超浓盐酸体系提供了一个特殊的物理化学环境,使得溶于其中的铜离子呈红棕色。采用FTIR及UV-Vis对含铜离子的超浓酸体系进行了表征。结果表明,超浓酸中,铜离子的d—d跃迁和电荷迁移跃迁谱带都发生了明显的变化。铜离子的加入对超浓盐酸体系中未电离的HC1分子的氢键体系产生明显影响