作業目標を効率よく達成する作業遂行が認知機能面に及ぼす影響

注意の制御能力の低下から作業活動の持続が困難な対象者には、作業活動の一部の工程の反復練習をおこなうことも治療的に意味がある. 注意の制御能力の低下の一因に、ワーキングメモリを要する機能が不活発な影響も関与しているのではないかと推察した. 本研究では、作業活動の一部の工程を反復した作業課題よりも幾つかの工程を積み重ねて作業遂行することでワーキングメモリに関与する機能の活発化を仮定した. 健常成人10名を対象に4工程からなる箱つくりと、工程の一部を反復した箱の展開図を繰り返し作成する作業課題をおこない、作業後のワーキングメモリ機能に着目した認知機能検査を比較検討した. 4工程を順番に実施する箱つくりにおいて、対象者自身で効率の良い動作を制御する機会が増え、記憶の保持と処理が並列的におこなわれたことからワーキングメモリの機能に着目した認知機能検査に影響を与えた.It is therapeutic to practice some processes of occupation action repeatedly to the subject that persistence of working action is difficult from degradation of ability for control of care, and there is a meaning. We speculated whether the mechanism which needed working memory in a cause of degradation of ability for control of care did not contribute to inanimate influence either. We supposed functional activation to contribute to working memory by we piled up some processes than the occupation problem that repeated some processes of working action by this study, and accomplishing occupation. We did an occupation problem we repeated development of the box which repeated a box structure comprising four processes and a portion of a process for ten normal adults, and to make, and comparison reviewed the cognitive function examination that paid its attention to working memory mechanism after occupation. The opportunities that controlled good movement of the efficiency of we increased by, subject oneself in a box structure to carry out four processes in turn, and mnemonic containment and disposal affected the cognitive function examination that paid its attention to mechanism of working memory from what was done multiply

介護老人保健施設入所高齢者の作業提示方法の違い : 逆唱検査結果と作業効率の違いについて

本研究では、介護老人保健施設に6ケ月以上入所している高齢者に、作業提示方法による作業効率の違いを検討した. 作業の遂行に一時的必要となる作業記憶にも着眼した. 作業記憶を簡便に評価できる数字の逆唱を対象者におこない、対象者を逆唱の良好群と不良群の2群に分けた. 各群の対象者に4種類の作業構成の作業と、1種類の作業を繰り返しおこなう、2つの作業を提示し期間をあけて実施した. 2つの作業の作業効率の違いを検討するために、作業実施後にTMT-A、TMT-B、作業の実施前後にフリッカー検査をおこなって分析した. 不良群は2つの作業間でのTMT-Bに有意な正の相関を認めず、2つの作業提示方法において作業効率に違いがあると推察した. 逆唱が不良な高齢者に作業活動を提示する場合、組織だった行為を要する、簡単な複数の作業を一貫して順番に提示することが作業効率に違いがあることが示唆された.In the present study, the difference of the work efficiency according to the method of presenting work to senior citizen who had been the be imprisoned for six months or more to the geriatric health service facility was examined. It aimed it also at the working memory that became temporary necessary for accomplishing work. Reverse-backward of the figure that was handily appreciable of the working memory was done to the object person. The object person was divided into two crowds an excellent group and a defective group of reverse-backward. Two work done to each crowd\u27s object person repeating the work of four kinds of work compositions and one kind of work was presented, and the period was opened and executed. After work is executed, TMT-A, TMT-B to examine the difference of the work efficiency of two work. It analyzed it inspecting the flicker before and after the execution of work. A defective group is TMT-B between two work. It was guessed that a significant, positive correlation was not admitted in TMT-B, and there was a difference in the work efficiency in the method of presenting two work

わが国における統合失調症患者を対象とした精神科作業療法に関する研究の動向 : 1997年～2006年の論文より

近年,わが国の精神医療保健福祉制度は激変し,統合失調症患者を取り巻く環境が大きく変化した.精神障害作業療法においても,病院での急性期における作業療法,長期入院患者の退院促進だけでなく,地域での生活支援が求められている.本研究は,統合失調症に対する作業療法の今後の動向についての示唆を得ることを目的として,それらに関する過去10年間の専門誌,関連雑誌の研究論文を取り上げ,分類・表示し概観した.その結果,論文数は増加傾向にあり研究手法は一事例研究が最多であった.作業療法は,病状安定や陰性症状改善,対人技能向上に焦点を当て実施していた.治療手段は,個々に応じた作業種目を選択し,回復状態によって適宜変更されていた.回復状態に関わらず,治療者との関係性確立が重要であり,適切な治療構造を考える必要がある.今後は実施した介入方法を明確に示し,効果の実証的データを積み重ねていく必要性が示唆された.The welfare system for mental health in Japan has recently and rapidly been changed and the situations of schizophrenic patients have also dramatically been changed. Community support for people with mental disorders is required as well as occupational therapy during acute hospitalization and promoted discharge of long-term inpatients. The aim of this study was to investigate the future trend of occupational therapy for schizophrenic patients. Studies that were published in academic journals and related ones for the past ten years (from 1997 to 2006) were reviewed and classified. Most of studies were case reports and the number of articles has been increased. Occupational therapy was given for stable disease condition, improvement in negative symptom and interpersonal communication skills. In therapy, different occupations were selected individually and replaced as required according to improved conditions. It is the most important to establish the relationship with a therapist and appropriate therapy system is required in all convalescent patients. Further studies are needed to accumulate evidential data on effects of occupational therapy with clear classification of invasions