母乳喂养结合音乐播放对新生儿足跟采血疼痛缓解的观察

目的:观察母乳喂养结合音乐播放对足月健康新生儿足跟采血的止痛效果。方法:于2014年8月至2015年2月期间在厦门市某三甲医院抽取292例足月新生儿,随机分为对照组、母乳喂养组、音乐组、音乐联合母乳喂养组共4组,每组73人。在足跟采血接受新生儿疾病筛查时,对照组新生儿给予常规足跟采血,干预组在采血前2 MIn到采血结束5 MIn分别给予纯母乳喂养、音乐疗法、以及音乐联合母乳喂养的相应干预。采血疼痛评分采用新生儿面部编码系统(nfCS)。结果:给予母乳喂养结合音乐播放干预的新生儿采血中和采血后1 MIn的nfCS明显低于音乐组和对照组,痛苦面容开始时间显著晚于对照组和音乐组,痛苦面容持续时间显著短于对照组和音乐组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。音乐组和对照组新生儿之间在上述各项指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:母乳喂养可以有效缓解新生儿足跟采血的疼痛程度,单纯音乐疗法不能够加强母乳喂养的止痛效果

Enantioseparation of 3-Substituted Isoindolin-1-ones by HPLC

国家自然科学基金(批准号:20072031,20270048和203900505

Effects of Maternal Undernutrition on Renal Angiotensin Ii and Chymase in Hypertensive Offspring

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) can program the future development of hypertension in adulthood. The renin- angiotensin system has been reported to play a role in IUGR- induced hypertension. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of IUGR on renal angiotensin- converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin II (Ang II) and chymase in IUGR- induced hypertension. Timed pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats received 50% rations of control food intakes from days 15 to 21 of gestation. Control, rats received regular food throughout the pregnancies. Arterial blood pressure and glomerular number were measured and immunohistochemical studies were performed on kidney tissues in adult male offspring at 16 weeks of age. IUGR rats exhibited significantly lower body and kidney weights and reduced number of glomeruli when compared with control rats. IUGR rats had significantly higher systolic blood pressure than control rats. Immunoreactivity of ACE was comparable between control and IUGR rats whereas immunoreactivities of chymase and Ang II were significantly higher in IUGR rats than in control rats. In conclusion, immunohistochemical studies document up-regulation of ACE-independent Ang II and chymase in IUGR kidney and indicate that overactivity of chymase may result in increased intrarenal Ang II production, which could contribute to the development of hypertension in intrauterine undernourished rats

The Distribution of Pgp9.5, Bdnf and Ngf in the Vallate Papilla of Adult and Developing Mice

The development and innervation of vallate papillae and taste buds in mice were studied using antibodies against the neuronal marker, protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5), and against nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). PGP 9.5 immunohistochemical studies revealed that the earliest sign of median vallate papilla formation was an epithelial bulge at embryonic day 13 (E13), and at E14, a dense nerve plexus was found within the connective tissue core of the papilla. Thin nerve fibers penetrated the apical and medial trench wall epithelium of the papilla at E16 and a few of these began to invade the lateral trench wall epithelium at E17. At postnatal day 1 (P1), the newly formed taste buds were recognizable and a small number of PGP 9.5-immunoreactive (IR) cells appeared on the medial trench wall epithelium. The number of PGP 9.5-IR taste bud cells then increased gradually and reached the adult level at postnatal week 2. PGP 9.5 immunoreactivity increased systematically with age. NGF and BDNF immunoreactivity was first seen at the boundary between the columnar cells in the apical epithelium of the developing vallate papilla at E13, then in the medial and lateral trench walls at E15 (BDNF) or E18 (NGF). At P1, BDNF immunoreactivity was exclusively present in the newly formed taste buds of the medial trench wall. The number of BDNF-IR taste bud cells then increased gradually, reaching the adult level at P7. Similar degrees of NGF and BDNF immunoreactivity were seen in the developing vallate papilla. In the present study, we found that the vallate papilla was formed prior to its innervation, and we propose that initiation of papilla formation does not require any direct influence from the specific gustatory nerve. We also suggest that neurotrophins in the early developing vallate papillae might act as local tropic factors for the embryonic growth of nerve fibers to induce differentiation of the taste buds