基于FBG传感技术的复合材料加筋板低速冲击损伤监测

针对碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料低速冲击损伤的实时监测,本文设计将布拉格光纤光栅(FBG)传感器埋植在复合材料加筋板结构的三角填充区,在线监测复合材料T型加筋板冲击损伤过程。分别将FBG传感器埋植于复合材料层合板内部和复合材料T型加筋板的三角填充区,对比FBG传感器的埋入对复合材料层合板与复合材料T型加筋板对力学性能的影响,结果表明内埋FBG传感器的复合材料层合板试样的拉伸强度比未埋植传感器的层合板试样降低了约5%,但在FBG传感器的破坏应变范围内,FBG传感器可以准确、实时地监测复合材料的应变信号。将FBG传感器埋入复合材料T型加筋板的三角填充区,内埋FBG传感器的加筋板样件压缩破坏载荷与未埋植的样件基本一致。通过对比加筋板蒙皮上冲击位置、冲击能量对FBG传感器测得的冲击过程持续时间和最大应变值的影响,表明冲击过程持续时间随着冲击能量增加而延长,最大应变值随着冲击距离的增加呈下降趋势,而最大应变值随着冲击能量的增加呈上升趋势。利用FBG传感器测得的应变信号可初步实现对复合材料T型加筋板蒙皮冲击损伤位置及冲击能量的实时监测。国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0700603);;航空科学基金(2016ZF68011);;江苏省重点研发计划(BE2015007);;福建省科技创新平台建设计划(2014H2006

Characterization of Condensed Tannins from Litchi Seed by Reflectron Modes and Linear Modes of MALDI-TOF MS

E-mail: [email protected][中文文摘]利用不同模式的基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF MS)分析荔枝果核缩合单宁.在反射模式(Reflectron modes)下,加速电压20.0 kV,反射电压23.0 kV,延时取出电压16.32 kV,聚焦电压9.45 kV,获得缩合单宁的准确结构单元组成和连接方式信息,其为三聚体至十八聚体组成的A型原花青定多聚物.在线性模式(Linear modes)下,加速电压20.0 kV,延时取出电压16.25 kV,聚焦电压10.0 kV,检测到十九聚体至二十七聚体的缩合单宁信号,其更全面获取缩合单宁聚合度的分布信息.综合两种模式,荔枝果核缩合单宁是由三聚体至二十七聚体分布的A型原花青定多聚物.探讨了一种联合反射模式与线性模式对植物单宁结构准确分析的基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱方法.[英文文摘]Condensed tannins from litchi seed were analyzed using reflectron modes and linear modes of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF MS).The reflectron modes(accelerating voltage,20.0 kV;reflectron voltage,23.0 kV;delayed extraction voltage,16.32 kV;lens voltage,9.45 kV) spectra obtained clear information on basic unit,interflavan linkage and polymerization degree extended from 3-mers to 18-mers.The linear modes(accelerating voltage,20.0 kV;delayed extraction voltage, 16.25 kV; lens voltage, 10.0 kV) spectra further expanded the detectable polymers up to 27-mers. Litchi seed condensed tannins were A-type procyanidins polymer with as high as 27-mers. In the present study, reflectron modes coupled with linear modes was discussed as a potential method of MALDI-TOF MS in characterization of condensed tannins.教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划(No.NCET-07-0725); 国家自然科学基金(No.31070522)资助项

Characterization of Condensed Tannins from Litchi Seed by Reflectron Modes and Linear Modes of MALDI-Tof MS

利用不同模式的基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MAldI-TOf MS)分析荔枝果核缩合单宁.在反射模式(rEflECTrOn MOdES)下,加速电压20.0 kV,反射电压23.0 kV,延时取出电压16.32 kV,聚焦电压9.45 kV,获得缩合单宁的准确结构单元组成和连接方式信息,其为三聚体至十八聚体组成的A型原花青定多聚物.在线性模式(lInEAr MOdES)下,加速电压20.0 kV,延时取出电压16.25 kV,聚焦电压10.0 kV,检测到十九聚体至二十七聚体的缩合单宁信号,其更全面获取缩合单宁聚合度的分布信息.综合两种模式,荔枝果核缩合单宁是由三聚体至二十七聚体分布的A型原花青定多聚物.探讨了一种联合反射模式与线性模式对植物单宁结构准确分析的基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱方法.Condensed tannins from litchi seed were analyzed using reflectron modes and linear modes of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-Tof MS).The reflectron modes(accelerating voltage,20.0 kV;reflectron voltage,23.0 kV;delayed extraction voltage,16.32 kV;lens voltage,9.45 kV) spectra obtained clear information on basic unit,interflavan linkage and polymerization degree extended from 3-mers to 18-mers.The linear modes(accelerating voltage,20.0 kV;delayed extraction voltage,16.25 kV;lens voltage,10.0 kV) spectra further expanded the detectable polymers up to 27-mers.Litchi seed condensed tannins were A-type procyanidins polymer with as high as 27-mers.In the present study,reflectron modes coupled with linear modes was discussed as a potential method of MALDI-Tof MS in characterization of condensed tannins.教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划(No.NCET-07-0725);国家自然科学基金(No.31070522)资助项

滨海沙地主要造林树种纯林与混交林叶片热值特征

对福建东南沿海防护林4种主要树种纯林及混交林共8个林分类型成熟和衰老叶片的热值进行了研究。结果表明,在4种纯林中,厚荚相思叶片中热值最高,湿地松次之,都高于木麻黄和桉树;木麻黄纯林、木麻黄-厚荚相思混交林、木麻黄-湿地松混交林中木麻黄小枝热值差别不显著,都高于与桉树混交的木麻黄小枝;厚荚相思纯林和混交林成熟叶及衰老叶热值都高于湿地松和桉树;在所有的林分类型中,衰老叶中的热值都高于成熟叶或差别不显著。国家“十一五”科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD03A14-01);; 福建省重大科技专项(2006NZ0001-2);; 福建省森林培育与林产品加工利用重点实验室资助项

Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations,N∶P ratio and resorption efficiency of leaves in different forest types

以福建东山沿海防护林中木麻黄、厚荚相思、刚果桉和湿地松4种主要树种为研究对象,探讨了纯林和混交林成熟叶与衰老叶中的养分状况、氮磷比、养分内吸收率以及它们之间的关系。结果表明:叶片中的养分浓度和内吸收率一般表现为纯林高于混交林、固氮树种高于非固氮树种。这是由于混交林和固氮树种改善了立地条件,林木能够从土壤中吸收较多的养分,从而降低了二者叶片中的养分内吸收率。各林分类型成熟叶片中的氮磷比都大于14,表明这些立地条件都存在不同程度的磷限制,导致大部分林分叶片磷内吸收率(rEP)大于氮内吸收率(rEn),因而衰老叶中的氮磷比大于成熟叶,但成熟叶和衰老叶氮磷比之间依然存在显著的正相关关系。不同林分类型成熟叶和衰老叶养分浓度、内吸收率和氮磷比在固氮树种和非固氮树种中存在互补性,表明固氮树种和非固氮树种在养分利用方面存在差异。不同树种的营养利用策略不同,在选择造林树种时,应优先考虑叶片养分含量低而内吸收率高的“营养保存型“树种。Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations,N∶P ratio,nutrient resorption efficiency and their relationship in mature and senescent leaves in pure and mixed protection forest of Casuarina equisetifolia,Acacia crassicarpa,Eucalyptus ABL 12 W5 and Pinus elliottii were discussed in this paper.The results showed that nutrient concentration and resorption efficiency of leaves were higher in pure forest and N fixing species than in mixed forest and non-N-fixing species,respectively.This indicated that soil nutrient availability increased in mixed forest and N-fixing species,so the trees could absorb more nutrients from soil and depended less on nutrient resorption from senescent leaves.The N∶P ratios of mature leaves were all above 14,nitrogen was less limiting than phosphorus,and accordingly phosphorus resorption efficiency(RE_P)was higher than nitrogen resorption efficiency(RE_N).N∶P ratio was increased with leaf senescence.There was significant positive relationship between N∶P ratio in mature and in senescent leaves.Inter-and intraspecific correlations among nutrient concentrations,nutrient resorption and N∶P ratio of mature and senescent leaves in various forest types were different in N-fixing and non-N-fixing species.Due to the difference of nutrient use strategy for various life-forms,there was a significant correlation in N-fixing species,but no correlation in non-N-fixing species,and vice versa."Nutrient conservation" species,such as P.elliottii,with low leaf nutrient and high nutrient resorption efficiency should be prior selected for afforestation.“十一五”国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD03A14-01);福建省科技重大项目(2006NZ0001-2);国家林业局南方山地用材林培育重点实验室项

木麻黄低效林不同发育阶段小枝单宁含量

为了探讨环境条件对单宁生产的影响,该文选择木麻黄低效林三个不同发育阶段的小枝进行单宁含量的测定。结果表明:在不同的发育阶段,总酚含量表现为幼嫩>成熟>衰老小枝,缩合单宁中除纤维素结合缩合单宁外,均表现为随小枝成熟而下降,随小枝衰老而升高;在低效林中的各单宁组分均高于对照。对环境条件比较敏感的幼嫩小枝和受环境胁迫较重的低效林比对照小枝中单宁含量高,表明不良的环境条件促进了单宁的形成。国家“十一五”科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD03A14-01);; 福建省重大科技专项(2006NZ0001-2);; 福建省森林培育与林产品加工利用重点实验室资助项

Seasonal dynamics of nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations,and nutrient resorption efficiencies of Casuarina equisetifolia branchlets in Dongshan County,Fujian

对福建东山赤山林场短枝木麻黄纯林小枝中的n和P含量、n∶P比、养分再吸收率的季节动态进行研究。结果表明,随着小枝的成熟和衰老,各季节n和P的含量依次降低,其中衰老小枝中n和P含量分别为(3.97±0.21)~(8.64±0.58)Mg·g-1和(0.04±0.03)~(0.10±0.03)Mg·g-1,基本上表现为n和P的完全再吸收。成熟小枝n∶P比的季节动态介于(18.67±3.24)~(37.98±1.32)之间,均高于16,表明木麻黄的生长受到不同程度的P限制。n、P再吸收率的季节变化分别为(51.02±4.66)%~(63.00±8.61)%和(81.24±5.08)%~(91.78±5.84)%,P再吸收率显著高于n。n和P的再吸收率之间以及成熟叶中n、P含量与二者再吸收率之间没有显著相关性,但在衰老叶中存在显著负相关,表明养分再吸收程度越高,其再吸收率就越高。因此,木麻黄通过小枝衰老过程中的养分再吸收,减少养分的损失,从而适应贫瘠的立地条件。Seasonal dynamics of nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations,N∶P ratios and nutrient resorption efficiency of Casuarina equisetifolia branchlets was studied at Chishan Forestry Center of Dongshan County,Fujian Province,China.The results showed that N and P concentrations were highest in young branchlets and decreased with maturity and senescence.N and P concentrations of senescent branchlets ranged from (3.97±0.21) to (8.64±0.58) mg g-1 and (0.04±0.03) to (0.10±0.03) mg g-1,respectively.N∶P ratios of mature branchlets ((18.67±3.24)--(37.98±1.32)) were all above 16 through the year,showing P was more limiting than N.Nitrogen resorption efficiency (REN) and phosphorus resorption efficiency (REP) were from (51.02±4.66)% to (63.00±8.61)% and from (81.24±5.08)% to (91.78±5.84)% through the year,respectively,and REP was significantly higher than REN.There is no significant correlation between REN and REP.REN is not correlated with either N concentration or N:P ratios in mature branchlets,no correlation was also found between REP and either P concentration or N∶P ratios in mature branchlets.While the significant negative correlation was observed in senescent branchlets.国家“十一五”科技支撑计划资助项目(2006BAD03A14-01);福建省科技重大资助项目(2006NZ0001-2);国家林业局南方山地用材林培育重点实验室资助项

MALDI-TOF MS Analysis of Condensed Tannins with Potent Antioxidant Activity from the Leaf, Stem Bark and Root Bark of Acacia confusa

The structures of the condensed tannins from leaf, stem bark and root bark of Acacia confusa were characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-off-light mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis, and their antioxidant activities were measured using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The results showed that the condensed tannins from stem bark and root bark include propelargonidin and procyanidin, and the leaf condensed tannins include propelargonidin, procyanidin and prodelphinidin, all with the procyanidin dominating. The condensed tannins had different polymer chain lengths, varying from trimers to undecamers for leaf and root bark and to dodecamers for stem bark. The condensed tannins extracted from the leaf, stem bark and root bark all showed a very good DPPH radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing power.Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University [NCET-07-0725]; Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, State Education Ministr

Antioxidant Tannins from Stem Bark and Fine Root of Casuarina equisetifolia

Structures of condensed tannins from the stem bark and fine root of Casuarina equisetifolia were identified using MALDI-TOF MS and HPLC analyses. The condensed tannins from stem bark and fine root consist predominantly of procyanidin combined with prodelphinidin and propelargonidin, and epicatechin is the main extension unit. The condensed tannins had different polymer chain lengths, varying from trimers to tridecamer for stem bark and to pentadecamer for fine root. The antioxidant activities were measured by two models: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP). The condensed tannins extracted from C. equisetifolia showed very good DPPH radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing/ antioxidant power, suggesting that these extracts may be considered as new sources of natural antioxidants for food and nutraceutical products.Special Prophase Project on National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2009CB426306]; National Eleventh-Five Year Key Project [2009BADB2B0302]; Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University [NCET-07-0725

中国物理海洋学研究70年：发展历程、学术成就概览

本文概略评述新中国成立70年来物理海洋学各分支研究领域的发展历程和若干学术成就。中国物理海洋学研究起步于海浪、潮汐、近海环流与水团,以及以风暴潮为主的海洋气象灾害的研究。随着国力的增强,研究领域不断拓展,涌现了大量具有广泛影响力的研究成果,其中包括:提出了被国际广泛采用的"普遍风浪谱"和"涌浪谱",发展了第三代海浪数值模式;提出了"准调和分析方法"和"潮汐潮流永久预报"等潮汐潮流的分析和预报方法;发现并命名了"棉兰老潜流",揭示了东海黑潮的多核结构及其多尺度变异机理等,系统描述了太平洋西边界流系;提出了印度尼西亚贯穿流的南海分支(或称南海贯穿流);不断完善了中国近海陆架环流系统,在南海环流、黑潮及其分支、台湾暖流、闽浙沿岸流、黄海冷水团环流、黄海暖流、渤海环流,以及陆架波方面均取得了深刻的认识;从大气桥和海洋桥两个方面对太平洋–印度洋–大西洋洋际相互作用进行了系统的总结;发展了浅海水团的研究方法,基本摸清了中国近海水团的分布和消长特征与机制,在大洋和极地水团分布及运动研究方面也做出了重要贡献;阐明了南海中尺度涡的宏观特征和生成机制,揭示了中尺度涡的三维结构,定量评估了其全球物质与能量输运能力;基本摸清了中国近海海洋锋的空间分布和季节变化特征,提出了地形、正压不稳定和斜压不稳定等锋面动力学机制;构建了"南海内波潜标观测网",实现了对内波生成–演变–消亡全过程机理的系统认识;发展了湍流的剪切不稳定理论,提出了海流"边缘不稳定"的概念,开发了海洋湍流模式,提出了湍流混合参数化的新方法等;在海洋内部混合机制和能量来源方面取得了新的认识,并阐述了混合对海洋深层环流、营养物质输运等过程的影响;研发了全球浪–潮–流耦合模式,推出一系列海洋与气候模式;发展了可同化主要海洋观测数据的海洋数据同化系统和用于ENSO预报的耦合同化系统;建立了达到国际水准的非地转(水槽/水池)和地转(旋转平台)物理模型实验平台;发展了ENSO预报的误差分析方法,建立了海洋和气候系统年代际变化的理论体系,揭示了中深层海洋对全球气候变化的响应;初步建成了中国近海海洋观测网;持续开展南北极调查研究;建立了台风、风暴潮、巨浪和海啸的业务化预报系统,为中国气象减灾提供保障;突破了国外的海洋技术封锁,研发了万米水深的深水水听器和海洋光学特性系列测量仪器;建立了溢油、危险化学品漂移扩散等预测模型,为伴随海洋资源开发所带来的风险事故的应急处理和预警预报提供科学支撑。文中引用的大量学术成果文献(每位第一作者优选不超过3篇)显示,经过70年的发展,中国物理海洋学研究培养了一支实力雄厚的科研队伍,这是最宝贵的成果。这支队伍必将成为中国物理海洋学研究攀登新高峰的主力军