重视海岸及海洋微塑料污染 加强防治科技监管研究工作

海岸带及海洋环境中的微塑料污染已经成为全球环境问题。我国已对一些典型河口、海湾、海岛周边海域及潮滩开展了微塑料污染的初步调查，积累了一些基础数据。但目前从基础理论、方法学及评估与控制技术等方面都远未达到环境监管的要求。因此，需要从建立和完善微塑料调查、监测与评估的方法学体系，厘清我国海洋微塑料的排放格局与污染分布规律，建立微塑料及其附着污染物的毒理学评价指标体系与参数库，形成海洋及海岸环境微塑料污染控制与管理技术体系等角度开展全面系统研究，解决现有的技术难点和关键科学问题，为我国海岸及海洋环境微塑料污染的监管与安全保障提供科学支撑

Raising Concern about Microplastic Pollution in Coastal and MarineEnvironment and Strengthening Scientific Researches onPollution Prevention and Management

海岸带及海洋环境中的微塑料污染已经成为全球环境问题。我国已对一些典型河口、海湾、海岛周边海域及潮滩开展了微塑料污染的初步调查,积累了一些基础数据。但目前从基础理论、方法学及评估与控制技术等方面都远未达到环境监管的要求。因此,需要从建立和完善微塑料调查、监测与评估的方法学体系,厘清我国海洋微塑料的排放格局与污染分布规律,建立微塑料及其附着污染物的毒理学评价指标体系与参数库,形成海洋及海岸环境微塑料污染控制与管理技术体系等角度开展全面系统研究,解决现有的技术难点和关键科学问题,为我国海岸及海洋环境微塑料污染的监管与安全保障提供科学支撑。</p

海洋和海岸环境微塑料污染与治理

本书是在国内介绍海洋和海岸微塑料污染与治理的首部著作。介绍了国内外海洋和海岸中微塑料的采集、分离和分析方法，微塑料类型、丰度、分布和来源，微塑料的传输、沉降及分解，微塑料表面附着的污染物和生物，微塑料的生物积累、毒性及，以及海洋和海岸环境微塑料监管与防控策略；可为海洋和陆地环境微塑料研究与管理提供借鉴与指导。</p

Surface weathering and changes in components of microplastics from estuarine beaches

Microplastics are a type of emerging environmental pollutant that has been the subject of increasing concern worldwide. The surface morphology, composition and changes in the distribution of microplastics in the environment are poorly understood. The corresponding research methodology is also at the exploratory stage. Here, we examine typical estuarine sediments from Shandong Province, east China, that are influenced by intensive human activity. The microplastics are separated from the sediments using an apparatus of continuous flow and floating separation. The microplastics samples are processed to determine the types, morphology and changing composition of microplastics present using a range of advanced microscopic and microanalytical methods. The aim is to understand the weathering and subsequent surface changes in the microplastics under the environmental conditions of estuarine sediments. Optical microscope and scanning electron microscope-energy spectrum (SEM-EDS) analysis shows that foams and pellets, together with fragments, fibers and films, are present in the estuarine sediments. The five shape types of microplastics had different weathering surface morphologies compared to the corresponding large plastic debris from the same sampling sites and to the corresponding commercial plastic products. The surfaces of the commercial products are smooth. The surfaces of plastic debris appear to be slightly broken and aged while the surface of microplastics from the same sites show many more microholes, cracks or protuberances. This indicates that the surfaces of microplastics on the estuarine beaches have been strongly weathered. Scratches, creases, microholes, cracks, either concave or convex and of various shapes and sizes were found on the surfaces of microplastics from the coastal environment, possibly due to mechanical friction, chemical oxidation and/or biological attack. Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FT-IR) was used to find oxygen-containing functional groups such as carboxylic acids, aldehydes and esters or ketones on the microplastic surfaces from the tidal flats on the basis of polymer component analysis. The two selected shape types, namely foams and fragments from soft plastic woven bags, had different infrared spectra than their corresponding large plastic debris from the same sampling sites and to the original commercial plastic products. The surfaces of these two microplastics had more complicated infrared spectra near the fingerprint area. This implies that the aging process of large plastic debris may be an important source of microplastics in the environment. A polymer blend of both polyethylene and polypropylene was identified in the fibers using pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (pyr-GC-MS). The pyr-GC-MS analysis also indicates that the pyrolysis products were much common on the aged surfaces of foams from the beach than on the inner part of foams after removal of the aged surfaces, including mainly compounds containing oxygen or nitrogen such as oleanitrile, trans-13-docosenamide, α-n-normethadol; 1,1-diphenyl-spiro[2,3] hexane-5-carboxylic acid, methyl ester, hexadecanoic acid, octadecyl ester and hexadecanoic acid, hexadecyl ester. The surficial morphology, composition and possible properties of microplastics from the estuarine beaches were clearly different from those of the original commercial plastic products

磺胺基羟肟酸类HDAC抑制剂三维定量构效关系

组蛋白去乙酰化酶(HDAC)对染色质分布和基因调节起着重要的作用，也是治疗癌症和其它疾病的新靶点，羟肟酸类抑制剂是目前研究最多的组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂，应用比较分子力场(CoMFA)法对一系列磺胺基羟肟酸类HDAC抑制剂进行了结构活性关系研究，得到的模型具有较高的交叉验证系数(q^2=0．704)．并在此基础上，建立了非交叉验证的偏最小二乘分析(PLS)模型，用该模型对随机选择的6个化合物组成的测试集进行了预测，得到了令人满意的结果，所建模型具有良好的预测能力，本研究对于设计高活性的HDAC抑制剂及抗癌药物都有指导意义

磺胺基羟肟酸类HDAC抑制剂三维定量构效关系

组蛋白去乙酰化酶(HDAC)对染色质分布和基因调节起着重要的作用，也是治疗癌症和其它疾病的新靶点，羟肟酸类抑制剂是目前研究最多的组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂，应用比较分子力场(CoMFA)法对一系列磺胺基羟肟酸类HDAC抑制剂进行了结构活性关系研究，得到的模型具有较高的交叉验证系数(q^2=0．704)．并在此基础上，建立了非交叉验证的偏最小二乘分析(PLS)模型，用该模型对随机选择的6个化合物组成的测试集进行了预测，得到了令人满意的结果，所建模型具有良好的预测能力，本研究对于设计高活性的HDAC抑制剂及抗癌药物都有指导意义

一种微颗粒塑料的连续流动分离浮选装置及方法

本发明涉及环境中污染物的前处理研究领域，特别是针对一种微颗粒塑料的连续流动分离浮选装置及方法。装置包括通过管道及蠕动泵依次相连通的溶液存储部分(一)、气浮溢流部分(二)及筛分回收部分(三)，本发明通过将连续流动、气浮溢流与湿法筛分进行无缝链接，形成土壤及沉积物样品中微颗粒塑料分离浮选的高效、半自动化装置。本发明各部分通过蠕动泵连接，实现连续流动功能，对大体积样品进行不间断分离浮选。此外，通过设计尾端的过滤回收装置，可使浮选用的溶液进行全部回收循环利用，解决了大体积环境样品前处理过程中耗时、费力及溶剂浪费等问题。本发明装置已经通过对模拟污染样品和实际污染样品的试验，取得了很好的效果，达到了预期目标

Design of Jet Thruster of Oil-Immersed Transformer Internal Inspection Robot and Repair of Impeller

针对油浸式变压器内部复杂环境,依据设计需求和具体作业工况,设计球形结构浮游行进机器人,进一步确定机器人推进器总体方案,选择采用喷射推进方案作为油浸式变压器内检机器人的推进方式。通过仿真分析,结合喷射系统布置方案和离心泵设计原理,确定喷射推进器内部参数,同时喷射推进器内部采用涡状叶轮代替直式叶轮,仿真实验表明叶轮负压区域压力最大值和负压区范围有所减小,提高了喷射推进器抗汽蚀能力,使得机器人运行更加安全可靠。</p