行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫成果報告: 台灣海域鯨豚多氯聯苯濃度與疾病關係分析

多氯聯苯(Polychlorinated biphenyls, PCBs)為包含209 種同類物的人工合成物，具 親脂性，進入環境後會累積在食物鏈中，同 時會造成各種毒性，可能是導致鯨豚發生疾 病及擱淺的原因之一。鯨豚屬於哺乳動物， 生活史長，且身為海洋食物鏈的高級消費 者，適合做為海洋持久性有機物污染的生物 指標。本研究首先建立適合分析鯨脂內PCBs 的方法，然後收集台灣沿海擱淺與流刺網誤 捕鯨豚之鯨脂樣本進行19 種PCBs 同類物分 析，並收集病材做疾病探討。從2000 年至2001 年共收集73 隻13 種鯨豚之37 隻雄性及36 隻雌性的鯨脂樣本，包含擱淺19 隻及誤捕54 隻。總濃度範圍從花紋海豚的235 ng/g 脂重 到糙齒海豚的33,734 ng/g 脂重。不同鯨豚種 類成熟雄性鯨脂內PCBs 濃度由高到低分別 是糙齒海豚、小虎鯨、瓶鼻海豚、弗氏海豚、 花紋海豚及熱帶斑海豚;此外，擱淺組濃度 極顯著高於誤捕組，可能和擱淺個體普遍呈 消瘦且身體狀況極差有關，但PCBs 濃度與疾 病之間的關係仍須做更進一步的評估。成熟 雄性個體濃度顯著大於未成熟雄性個體，而 不同成熟度的雌性個體濃度變異度很大，可 能和PCBs 會隨懷孕及泌乳傳給下一代有 關。所選取19 種同類物中，以5 到7 個氯的 同類物含量為主，其中又以PCB153 含量最 多，佔PCBs 總量的20 到30%。另外以TEQs (2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalent quantity) 評估PCBs 毒性，範圍由露脊鼠海豚的2.7 pg/g 脂重到糙 齒海豚的7,967 pg/g 脂重。毒性主要來自 PCB126，其次為PCB118 及PCB156。與其他 研究報告結果比較，台灣沿海鯨豚體內PCBs 濃度相對較低，與熱帶地區的菲律賓、印尼、 南非及澳洲結果類似。Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are highly persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic contaminants that had been suspected to be part of the reasons for cetaceanâs stranding and diseases. Total of 73 blubber samples of 13 cetacean species from stranded or accidentally caught were collected during year 2000 to 2001. Total concentrations of 19 PCBs congeners were between 230 ng/g lipid weight of Rissoâs dolphin to 33,734 ng/g lipid weight of rough-toothed dolphin. The most abundant congener was PCB153 in all samples and penta to hepta chlorobiphenyls were the predominant PCB congeners. The ratio of PCB153 to total 19 PCBs congeners was very consistent between 20 to 30%. The 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p-dioxin equivalents (TEQs) were from 2.7 pg/g lipid weight of finless porpoise to 7,967 pg/g lipid weight of rough-toothed dolphin. One of the non- ortho congener, PCB126, has the most weigh. PCB118 and PCB156, mono- ortho congeners, were the second contributors to TEQs. PCBs concentrations and TEQs were higher in mature male cetaceans than in immature male cetaceans but were inconsistent in female cetaceans for the transferring of PCBs from mother cetacean to their offsprings by gestation and lactation. In this study, cetaceans from Taiwan waters have a relative lower PCBs concentrations and TEQs comparing to other high latitude waters

區隔台灣市鎮污水與畜牧廢水污染之分析指標可行性研究

本研究的目的為使用不同種動物不同糞 脂醇類分子化合物之含量與比例的特性，作 為台灣本土人源與動物源污廢水污染河川水 體之標記的可行性研究。糞脂醇是高等哺乳 類腸道分解排出之特異性物質，其於環境中 與底泥沉澱微粒結合後非常穩定，故可以之 作為生物源污染之依據。樣本首先以二氯甲 烷萃取並以MSTFA 及催化劑（ TMSI / dichloromethane / triethylamine, 142:858:2）衍 生，再以氣相層析質譜儀定性與定量分析脂 醇類化合物。本土樣本特性則以市鎮污水與 畜牧廢水（豬源與牛源）脂醇類之量與種類 或比例之關係，將之歸納比較後，求得區分 指標值即（ Coprostanol ÷ Epicoprostanol ） × Coprostanone，因不同源有不同之適用標記， 故可做為環境中各類生物污染監測依據。廢 水處理前後脂醇類之種類與量之不同，亦可 為畜牧廢水有否處理與適切處理後排放檢測 根據之用。The aim of this research was to study the possibility of utilizing animal fecal sterols from humans and animals as the markers to distinguish fecal pollution in receiving waters of Taiwan’s river. Fecal sterols are present in mammalian feces and they are reduced from cholesterol by the colonic microbacteria. Sterols are stable in the environment when they are absorpted to particulate matters in the sediment and sludge. Thus, after clean up and extraction, sterols can be qualitated and quantitated by gas chromatography/mass spectrometric analysis. These sterols can be the good indicators of biopollution markers. Optimization of the cleanup, extraction, and GC/MS analysis are studied in this study. Domestic sewage, livestock wastewaters were investigated thereafter to characterize the specific types, amount and their ratio of the sterols, and these spectra were sreved as the field monitoring reference indicators whether livestock wastewater are treated or not before they are dumped into the receiving waters

行政院國家科學委員會補助專題研究計畫成果報告:以底泥糞脂醇探討畜牧廢水污染之時序性變化

本研究以豬場排放渠下游不同深淺層 之底泥樣本糞脂醇含量與其比例特性，作為 養豬場廢水污染河川水體之時序性消長標 記。糞脂醇是高等哺乳類動物腸道分解排出 之特異性物質，其於厭氧環境與底泥中非常 穩定，因之可為生物時序性污染研究依據。 由在養豬場與因口蹄疫停養後未再復育之 豬場排樣放渠下游底泥糞脂醇特性與含量 分析比較得知，在養豬場下層底泥因長期累 積效應的影響，其檢測量較上層高但無種類 比例差異。對已棄養之豬場而言，分層底泥 含量比例則有顯著的時序性差異，下層含量 明顯高出上層。檢測地區以屏東縣之糞脂醇 含量最高，並超出多國檢測值許多，此與其 飼養規模而造成的污染有關。The aim of this study is through animal fecal sterols in different layers of bottom sediment located at the downstream of the animal raising farms to study the temporal changes of livestock wastewater pollution. Fecal sterols are presented in mammalian feces. They are very stable in both anaerobic environment and the bottom sediment. Thus, fecal sterols can be used to study the time trend difference of biota pollution. This project selected treated wastewater discharging downstream of the densely piggery raising area and aged pig farm destroyed by foot-and-mouth disease outbreak to compare the sterols difference in different bottom sediment layers of previous pollution. The results showed that bottom layer of the sediment in current raising farm had a higher concentration of sterols than the upper layer but did not have sterol profile difference. On the contrary, not only the concentration but also the profiles of the sterol in bottom layer of aged farm were all different from the upper layer. An easy distinguishable of the pollution due to time difference can be reached