The illness writing of the “Scar-Introspection Literature”

“伤痕、反思文学”作为文革结束后，新时期文学的起点，是文学界对国家苦难记忆和自身悲惨经历的书写。纵观历史，从春秋诸子百家的“国病”修辞到晚清至五四知识分子“救国强体”“疗救国民”的论说，疾病隐喻爆发的时代，往往是时代矛盾尖锐，意识形态统治开始松动的时期。刚刚从“文革”中走出的“伤痕、反思文学”正是在这样的背景下，形成了中国文化史上又一个疾病书写的“高潮”。从“伤痕文学”的总体命名以及《伤痕》、《阵痛》等小说的题目中可以看出这一时期文学中疾病书写的隐喻性、象征性。本论文以“伤痕、反思文学”中的疾病书写为研究对象，结合此前中国现代、当代文学中疾病书写的传统，运用疾病隐喻、性别研究理论，将研究视野聚...As the starting point in the new era literature after the Cultural Revolution, “Scar-Introspection Literature” was written down by the literary circles for suffering memory of the nation and their own miserable experiences. Throughout the history, which from the “disease of society” rhetoric raised by the “Hundred Schools of Thought” in the Spring and Autumn period to the “National Salvation” and...学位：文学硕士院系专业：人文学院_中国现当代文学学号：1022014115237

官僚体制与协商民主建设——基于中国地方官员协商民主认知的实证研究

地方官员作为中国情境下发展协商民主重要的制度供给者与执行者,他们对于协商民主的理念与操作认知将极大影响到其实践样态。论文基于中国官僚体制特征梳理出官员的晋升预期、部门身份建构以及组织文化的规约三种影响机制,通过2015年2 000余份地方官员的协商民主调查问卷,实证检验官僚体制这一结构性要素对于官员协商民主认知的影响程度及方式。结果表明,官僚体制这一组织结构并不一定排斥协商民主,在干部激励、部门自主性方面形成了推动性的内在动力,但需要营造宽松的政治空间和制度安排去突破趋于保守的组织惯性,激励地方官员去探索创新性和社会化的实践方式。厦门大学繁荣哲学社会科学项目;;中国高校基本科研业务费专项资金(20720181027);;西南财经大学2018年“引进人才科研启动资助项目”(JBK1809010

老年人备灾现状及应对策略的研究进展

阐述国内外老年人的备灾现状,老年人应对灾害能力下降,备灾能力较低,应对灾害相关知识和教育缺乏,慢性疾病影响其备灾状态,其获取备灾信息途径和方式单一。提出需建立社区备灾组织、提供..

Advantages and Disadvantages of the University Entrance Exam Reform Integrating Arts and Science

不分文理高考不仅仅是高考文理科合并那么简单,它需要在科目改革的同时照顾到试题的改革,需要在不分文理的前提下照顾到不同学生的潜力倾向,需要以高考的改革来带动中小学教育的变革,因而是一项牵一发而动全身的社会系统工程。我们必须对改革中可能出现的诸多具体问题进行认真思考,并着力解决。Integrating arts and sciences in the university entrance exam is not just merging the arts and sciences.It needs to take the reform of the questions into count as well as the reform of the subjects. It also needs to consider the student's to different tendencies under the premise of integrating arts and sciences. It needs to drive changes in the primary and secondary education with the reform of university entrance examination. It is a social systems engineering. We need to carefully think about it and strive to resolve many of the specific problems in the reforming

新型手性修饰剂的设计合成

国家自然科学基

Addition of pseudo-food texture by crushing vibration.

超高齢社会の著しい進行に従い、摂食嚥下機能の低下した高齢者が増加している。そのような高齢者に対して誤嚥事故の防止の観点から、嚥下調整食などの軟らかくとろみのある食事形態が用いられている。しかし、このような食事形態では「歯ごたえ」などの食感を感じることは難しい。食事のおいしさや楽しみには食感（テクスチャー）が重要な要因であるということは周知されている。食感が人々のQOLに大きな役割を果たしていることは疑う余地はなく、食感のない食事に擬似的に食感を与えることができれば、通常の食事が難しい人のQOLの向上が期待できると考えられる。しかし、現在までこのような擬似的食感に関する研究は行われていない。本研究では米菓の食感を官能評価により解析し、食感の重要な要素である破砕振動に注目し、振動感知装置を組み込んだ口腔内装置を用いて米菓からの振動を測定した。さらに、口腔内で振動を再現し疑似的食感を与えることの可能性を検討した。実験の結果、米菓は、食感の特徴により、硬さの大きいグループ、折れやすさの大きいグループ、硬さも折れやすさもないグループに分類された。咀嚼振動を測定した結果、振動は初めの咀嚼では大きな振動、咀嚼回数が増えるにつれ弱い振動へと変化があった。得られた振動波形を被験者に与えたところ、被験者には食感として認識される事がわかった。本研究により、破砕振動による疑似的食感の付与について検討した結果、以下の結論を得た。1）官能評価の結果、米菓の食感は、硬さの大きいもの、折れやすさの大きいもの、硬さも折れやすさもないものに分類できた。2）床構造の口腔内装置により、米菓咀嚼時の破砕振動を採取することができた。3）破砕振動を口腔内に与えることにより、人は振動を食感と感じられることがわかった。With the rapid progress of the super-aging society, the number of elderly people with impaired eating and swallowing functions is increasing. To prevent aspiration accidents, soft and thick food forms such as swallowing-adjusted meals are used for such elderly people. However, it is difficult to feel the texture such as “pretty firm” in swallowing adjusted meal form. It is well known that texture is an important factor in the taste and enjoyment of food, and it has a major impact on QOL. If it is possible to add a pseudo-texture to swallowing-adjusted foods, it can be expected to improve the QOL of people with impaired eating and swallowing function. However, no research has been conducted on this kind of pseudo-texture. In this study, we analyzed the texture of rice crackers by sensory evaluation, focused on crushing vibration-crushing vibration is an important factor of texture-, and measured the vibration when chewing rice crackers using an intraoral device incorporating a vibration sensor, and examined the possibility of reproducing the vibration in the oral cavity and giving a pseudo-texture. As a result of the experiment, we classified rice crackers into the following three groups based on their texture characteristics: a group of hardness, a group of breakability, and a group of neither hardness nor breakability. In addition, we obtained characteristic vibration waveforms for each group. When we gave the vibration waveform obtained to subjects, they recognized it as a texture. In this study, we investigated the imparting of pseudo-texture by crushing vibration, and came to three conclusions. 1） As a result of the sensory evaluation, we classified rice crackers into the following three groups based on their texture characteristics: a group of hardness, a group of breakability, and a group of neither hardness nor breakability. 2） Using an intraoral device, we were able to collect the crushing vibrations during mastication of rice crackers. 3） When people give crushing vibration to the oral cavity, they feel the vibration as texture.departmental bulletin pape

THE MOLECULAR SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF CESTODES OF MARINE FISHES IN TAIWAN STRAIT

利用DNA测序技术对台湾海峡部分鱼类绦虫的16S rRNA和18S rRNA基因片段序列进行了分析。使用PAUP4·0b10软件构建的进化树显示,目前关于绦虫二叶目、锥吻目、假叶目、盘头目和四叶目的划分是比较合理的,绦虫进化基本遵循了头节形态从简单到复杂的进化规律。报道了国内首次发现的双叶目绦虫,进化树结果初步支持了巨槽属和棘头属的划分。此外,结果也支持了前孔属绦虫的分类地位。但是,对耳槽属绦虫与阶室属绦虫的形态学划分与分子系统学相矛盾,利用16S rRNA基因对盘头目各种的进化树分析与形态学差异很大,这些问题都需要更多研究来进行深入分析。Based on the sequences analysis of the 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA gene fragments of 19 cestode species in marine fish from Taiwan Strait, the phylogenetic tree was constructed. The results showed that the current taxonomic classification of the orders of Diphyllidea, Trypanorhyncha, Pseudophyllidea, Lecanicephalidea and Tetraphyllidea is appropriate and that the morphologic structure of the cestode scolex becomes more and more complicated in the evolution. Furthermore, we reported 3 new species of Diphyllidea in China for the first time. The phylogenetic trees supported the classification of the genus Echinobothrium and Macrobothridium, as well as the taxonomic status of the genus Anteropora. However, the result of molecular systematics analysis did not consist with the morphologic classification of Scalithrium and Biotobothrium, neither with the classification of species of Lecanicephalidea when the 16S rRNA was used as the molecular marker. More studies are needed to clarify these questions.国家自然科学基金(40406031)项目资

去甲斑蝥素药理作用研究综述

去甲斑蝥素来源于天然中药——斑蝥，由中国学者发现并应用于临床，但是存在 泌尿系统、肝毒性等问题。因此，笔者综述了斑蝥素的现代药理作用，以期为进一步研究斑 蝥素及其衍生物抗肿瘤机制提供参考。</jats:p