Identification of Vibrio tubiashii isolated from diseased pond-cultured sea cucumbers( Apostichopus japonicus)

2013年春季,福建漳州地区池塘养殖刺参(APOSTICHOPuS JAPOnICuS)感染不明病原而患病。病参表现出排脏、身体萎缩、体表溃烂等症状,俗称为“腐皮综合征“。为确定引起该病的病原菌,从患病刺参病灶部位分离得到1株优势菌fJy001,经回接感染试验,证实所分离的细菌为刺参的病原菌。经形态、生理生化、16S rrnA序列分析和bIOlOg微生物自动鉴定系统等多项指标鉴定,确定该病原菌为塔式弧菌(VIbrIO TubIASHII)。In the spring of 2013,the pond-cultured sea cucumbers( Apostichopus japonicus) were infected by an unrestrained pathogen in Zhangzhou City of Fujian Province.The sea cucumbers with the disease tentatively termed as"skin ulcerative syndrome"showed symptoms such as viscera ejection,general atrophy and skin ulceration.To determine the bacterial pathogen that caused the disease,one strain( FJY001) was isolated from the lesions of diseased sea cucumbers.Pathogenicity of the strain was confirmed by artificial infection and the strain was identified as Vibrio tubiashii by indicators of morphological,physiological and biochemical characteristics as well as sequencing of 16 S rRNA and identification of Biolog microbiol system.福建省科技厅公益类科研专项(2010R1002-3); 福建省水产研究所科研发展基金资助项目(2014fjscq04

監控兩相依品質變數之變異數比之 EWMA 管制圖

在統計製程管制的研究領域中，兩相依品質變數之變異數比值的追蹤 在某些實務製程中是重要的，但是文獻中尚未有見探討。因此，我們的研 究旨在探索兩相依品質變異數比的變化，以監控製程是否失控。在實務上， 製程穩定性分析、參數優化以及生產效率評估等應用，都需要追蹤變異數 比值。 在本研究中，我們分別提出兩種方法，建立不同的 EWMA 變異數比例 管制圖。第一種，我們提出使用兩相依品質變數之樣本變異數之差異之分 配建立 EWMA 變異數比例管制圖，以追蹤兩相依品質變數之母體變異數之 比。第二種方法考慮符號檢定方法(sign test method)，根據兩相依品質變 數之樣本變異數的差異是否大於其期望值，並定義指標變數分配以建立符 號管制圖。我們分別再以數值分析評估在二元常態、伽馬、偏常態母體分 配下，這兩種管制圖的管制界線與失控的偵測力。最後，我們以實際的半 導體數據驗證這兩種管制圖的應用與失控的偵測力

[[alternative]]The effect of American quantitative easing monetary policy on Asian, Australian and U.S. stock markets and real estate investment trusts

碩士[[abstract]]2008年的次級房屋信貸危機風暴產生後，美國在2008年11月開始了第一輪的量化寬鬆(Quantitative Easing 1)貨幣政策，至目前為止已推行了三輪QE政策，並突破了4兆美元，等於是購買了超過3.5兆美元的金融資產，這也相當於聯邦準備理事會釋放出3.5兆以上的美元到市場上，而形成國際資金的大規模移動。從QE1到QE3，不斷的把大量美元貨幣供給推到全球，而陸續的量化寬鬆貨幣政策是否對亞澳美股市及不動產投資信託（Real Estate Investment Trust ，REIT）造成顯著的影響是本研究主要探討的議題。 本研究以亞澳國家日本、香港、新加坡、澳洲及美國本身等五個國家為研究對象，主要透過ARJI模型配適亞澳美各國REIT與股市報酬，以捕捉其波動跳躍行為。結果顯示陸續的量化寬鬆貨幣政策對亞澳美股市及不動產投資信託（REIT）造成顯著的影響，且QE1相較於QE2與QE3較能引起各國REIT與股市報酬有較大跳躍行為，第一輪量化寬鬆貨幣政策的影響大於第二輪及第三輪量化寬鬆貨幣政策，本研究也發現量化寬鬆貨幣政策對不同區域及國家的影響程度也不一。[[abstract]]After the 2008 Subprime mortgage crisis, US started the Quantitative Easing 1 in 2008 November, so far three have been implemented QE policy and exceeded 400 trillion U.S. dollars, equivalent to more than 3.5 trillion dollars to buy financial assets, which is equivalent to the Federal Reserve System will release more than U.S. $ 3.5 trillion to the market, and the formation of large-scale international capital movement. From QE1 to QE3, unceasing advances the massive US dollar currency supplies the whole world, and a succession of Quantitative Easing Monetary Policy is causing a significant impact to Asian, Australian, and USA Stock market and the Real Estate Investment Trust (Real Estate Investment Trust, REIT) has the remarkable influence is this research main discussion subject. This study takes Asian Australian country Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Australian and American itself and so on five countries as the object of study, mainly penetrates the ARJI model to match suitable Asian, Australian, and America various countries REIT and the stock market reward, catches its volatility jumps to caper behavior. The results show a succession of Quantitative Easing Monetary Policy have a significant impact to Asian Australia USA Stock market and real estate investment trust (REIT), and QE1 compares in QE2 and QE3 can cause various countries'' REIT and the stock market reward has a greater jump, the Quantitative Easing 1 influence is bigger than Quantitative Easing 2 and Quantitative Easing 3. This study also discovered the Quantitative Easing Monetary Policy is dissimilar to the different region and the national influence.[[tableofcontents]]目 錄 頁次 中文摘要 ............. Ⅰ 英文摘要 ............... Ⅲ 目錄 ................... Ⅴ 圖目錄 ......................Ⅶ 表目錄 .............Ⅷ 第一章 緒論 ................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 1 第一節 研究背景與動機 研究背景與動機 ................................ ................................ ........................ 1 第二節 研究目的 ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 6 第三節 研究架構 ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 8 第二章 美國量 化寬鬆貨幣政策介紹與文獻探討 ................................ .................... 10 第一節 美國量化寬鬆貨幣政策介紹 美國量化寬鬆貨幣政策介紹 ................................ ................................ .. 10 第二節 國際股市之相關文獻 國際股市之相關文獻 ................................ ................................ .............. 14 第三節 國際 不動產投資信託之相關文獻 ................................ .......................... 19 第三章 研究方法 ................................ ................................ ................................ ........ 24 第一節 研究對象及期間 ................................ ................................ ................ 24 第二節 單根檢定 ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 26 第三節 跳躍 -擴散模型（ JUMP-DIFFUSION PROCESS ） ................................ .......... 32 第四章 實證結果與分析 ................................ ................................ .......................... 35 第一節 資料處理 ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 35 第二節 基本統計量分析 基本統計量分析 ................................ ................................ ...................... 36 第三節 單根檢定結果 ................................ ................................ .......................... 43 第四節 ARJI ARJIARJI模型實證結果分析 模型實證結果分析 ................................ ................................ ......... 46 第五章 結論與建議 ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 55 第一節 結論 ................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 55 第二節 未來研究建議 ................................ ................................ .......................... 57 參考文獻 ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................... 59 圖目錄 圖 1 本論文研究流程 ................................ ................................ ............................ 9 圖 2 量化寬鬆 (QE) 之運作方式 之運作方式 ................................ ................................ ....... 11 圖 3 東京證券交易所不動產投資信託指數走勢圖 ................................ .......... 37 圖 4 恆生房地產基金指數走勢圖 ................................ ................................ ...... 38 圖 5 富時新加坡房地產投資信託基金指數走勢圖 ................................ .......... 38 圖 6 標準普爾 500 澳洲證交所不動產投資信託指數走勢圖 .......................... 39 圖 7 道瓊全部權益型不動產投資信託指數走勢圖 ................................ .......... 39 圖 8 日經平均指數走勢圖 ................................ ................................ .................. 40 圖 9 香港恆生參考指數走勢圖 ................................ ................................ .......... 41 圖 10 新加坡海峽時報指數樣本與歷史走勢圖 ................................ ...... 41 圖 11 澳洲所有普通股指數走勢圖 ................................ ................................ ...... 42 圖 12 標準普爾 500 指數走勢圖 ................................ ................................ .......... 42 表目錄 表目錄 表 1美國 QE1 、QE2 及 QE3 資金規模之比較 ................................ ....................... 13 表 2不動產投資信託指數與股票 ................................ ................................ ............. 25 表 3 基本統計分析 -不動產投資信託 ................................ ................................ ...... 37 表 4 基本統計分析 -股市 ................................ ................................ .......................... 40 表 5 單根檢定 -不動產投資信託 ................................ ................................ .............. 44 表 6 6 單根檢定 -股市 ................................ ................................ ................................ 45 表 7 ARJI 7 ARJI 7 ARJI模型實證結果 模型實證結果 -不動產投資信託 ................................ .............................. 47 表 8 ARJI 8 ARJI 8 ARJI模型實證結果 模型實證結果 -股市 ................................ ................................ .................. 47 表 9 為各國房市報酬率對事件的平均跳躍機與 跳躍強度。 ........................ 50 表 10 為各國股市報酬率對事件的平均跳躍機與 跳躍強度。 ...................... 52[[note]]學號: 701530148, 學年度: 10

The Study of Officers' Wage, Rank, Category and Silver Honesty System in Taiwan During Qing Dynasty

過往清史研究關於清代官制多探討其制度成因、演變，鮮少觸及到俸祿、功名與官制彼此間的關聯性或影響程度，而從勞動經濟學的角度來看，官員的功名、官秩應反應出其人力資本投資與職場經驗的累積程度。有鑑於此，本研究利用清代各期間編纂地方方志中的樣本資料來探討及評估清代臺灣地方官吏人力資本投資、職場經驗及其他特徵變數對於薪資(俸祿)報酬的影響為何。 本論文第一個主題探討人力資本對康熙、雍正、乾隆時期薪俸的影響，實證結果顯示，進行人力資本投資(考取功名)可提升俸祿4.5%；官秩升遷可提升俸祿29.9%。若以職官屬性分類，本研究發現文官在人力資本投資與工作經驗的報酬率均優於武官，我們認為主要原因可能因文、武職官升遷模式有所差異。文官晉陞過程與其工作經驗有關，而武官晉陞過程可能與是否有戰功的關係較高，因此受到人力資本與工作經驗的影響較小。 本研究第二部份以傳統迴歸及Heckman兩階段估計法估計Mincerian所得函數，探討清治時期212年間臺灣鳳山縣職官文職與武職構成與其功名、官秩對工資(俸祿)影響。研究結果顯示：(1)以傳統迴歸分析實證結果估計會存有樣本選擇偏誤的問題；(2)俸祿考慮養廉下官員任期是否秩滿、是否因丁憂退出勞動市場、是否具八旗背景對文官薪資有顯著影響；官秩大小對武官薪俸則有正向影響。(3)俸祿不考慮養廉下，官秩對文、武職官薪俸帶有提升效果。 最後，本文探討養廉銀政策的施行對文職職官薪俸的影響。以DID估計發現：政策的實施使職官薪俸提升了0.5倍至數十倍不等；且職官個人功名與官秩顯著影響可獲取的薪俸額度。Previous researches in the history of Qing dynasty mainly study the cause of bureaucracy or the evolution in the bureaucratic system, however, there are fewer studies which explain the relationship of wage, official rank and the fame of scholarly honor. In the side of labor economic, the scholarly honor, official rank reply the accumulation of human capital and the experience in the job market. According it, this dissertation tries to evaluate the return of human capital investment, job experience and other characteristic variables on the wage on samples during the periods of Qing dynasty. The first topic tries to analyze the impacts of human capital on wage during the period Kangxi, Yongzeng and Qianlong era. The empirical results indicate that the human capital investment (scholarly honor) rises 4.5% in the wage rate; the return rate of official rank arise 29.9% wage rate. We also find that the civilian officials have better return rate in both factors than military ones. The main reason may due to the promotion process between civilian and military officials are not the same. The promotion in the civilian official base on the experience, the promotion process in military officials may relate to the performance in the war. Therefore the human capital and experience have smaller influence in the military officials’ wage. Using the traditional regression and Heckman two step methodology, the second part of this study estimates the Mincerian earnings function which try to explain the structure of the civilian officer and military bureaucracy sectors, and the return of official rank, the fame of scholarly honor on wage in Fenshan during the occupation period in Qing era. The empirical results indicate: (1) there has a sample selection bias if we estimate with traditional regression. (2) the term of official finished, in mourning for parent's death or the background in Eight banners system has significant effect when we consider the silver honesty system in wage. (3) official rank increases the wage rate of return in civilian and military official if the component of wage does not consider the silver honesty system. Finally, the dissertation investigates the influence of silver honesty system (SHS) in the wage of civilian officer. The empirical estimation finds that the implantation of policy increases the wage between 0.5 to dozens of times through difference and differences methodology (DID). The estimation also indicates that the FAME and RANK affect the available amount of salaries significantly

Analysis and identification of causative pathogen for skin ulcerative syndrome in Fujian sea cage cultured Apostichopus japonicus

2011年冬季,福建省宁德市霞浦县海区网箱养殖刺参发生“腐皮综合症“,并伴有死亡现象出现。刺参的发病症状表现为:厌食、排脏、身体萎缩、体表局部溃烂乃至大面积溃烂。从患病刺参病灶处分离得到两种优势细菌CS1和CS2。经人工回接感染实验证明两种菌对健康刺参都具有较强的感染性,且感染病参的症状与自然发病刺参的症状相同。通过生理生化试验、16S rdnA序列分析及系统进化树分析,结果表明两株菌分别与灿烂弧菌(VIbrIO SPlEndIduS)和假交替单胞菌(PSEudOAlTErOMOnAS SP.)相似。菌株CS1与灿烂弧菌的亲缘关系最近,相似率达到99%,菌株CS2与假交替单胞菌的亲缘关系最近,相似率达到95%。菌株CS1可鉴定为灿烂弧菌,菌株CS2可鉴定为假交替单胞菌。另外,在患病刺参呼吸树膜和腔体内发现大量后口虫(bOVErIA SP.)。所以导致本次刺参“腐皮综合症“的原因可能是致病性细菌和寄生虫共同作用的结果。本文首次揭示了该地区“腐皮综合症“导致养成刺参大规模死亡的致病原因,对刺参病害防治和健康养殖具有重要的指导意义。In the winter of 2011,the sea cage cultured sea cucumber suffered from serious disease in many sea areas of Ningde in Fujian Province,accompanied by the phenomenon of death.The symptom displayed as anorexia,viscera ejection,general atrophy,and skin ulceration,the disease was tentatively termed as "skin ulcerative syndrome".The bacterium CS1 and CS2 were isolated from the focal area of the infected sea cucumber,and they were dominant amongst the isolates.Artificial infection test proved that they were the causative pathogen associated with the disease.In addition,a lot of Boveria sp.was found from the respiratory tree of sick sea cucumber.The bacterium CS1 and CS2 were identified as Vibrio splendidus and Pseudoalteromonas,respectively,by the means of morphological,biochemical tests,and 16S rDNA sequence analysis.This paper revealed for the first time that the causative pathogens leading to the "skin ulcerative syndrome" of the sea cucumber in the area,which will be helpful in the disease control and health management during sea cucumber cultivation.福建省科技厅项目(2010R1002-3

鼻内翻性乳头状瘤局部炎症浸润特征分析

【目的】探讨鼻内翻性乳头状瘤局部炎症细胞浸润程度与分布特征。【方法】收集2016年6月至2018年6月在中山大学附属第一医院耳鼻咽喉科住院的50例鼻内翻性乳头状瘤患者肿瘤组织，与20例接受单纯鼻中隔偏曲矫正手术患者的鼻腔鼻窦粘膜，通过免疫组织化学与流式细胞术分析组织内局部炎症细胞浸润程度，并与临床病理特征关联性分析。【结果】鼻内翻性乳头状瘤相对于正常对照组，嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜中性粒细胞、巨噬细胞明显高表达，P<0.001；CD4+T淋巴细胞也呈现明显高表达，P=0.005；CD8+T淋巴细胞未见明显差异，P=0.990。流式细胞术分析肿瘤组织内淋巴细胞表达比例及胞内因子IFN-γ表达特征，鼻内翻性乳头状瘤组内淋巴细胞主要类型为CD4+T淋巴细胞，正常对照组内淋巴细胞主要类型为CD8+T淋巴细胞；且相对于正常对照组，TH1（CD4+IFN-γ+T），呈现明显高表达，P=0.005；TC1（CD8+IFN-γ+T），未见明显高表达，P=0.538。Luminex分析组织局部IFN-γ蛋白表达水平，肿瘤组相对于正常对照组呈现明显高表达，P<0.001；NIP组内非复发组相对于复发组呈现明显高表达，P<0.001。其他临床病理特征与鼻内翻性乳头状瘤局部炎症细胞浸润程度无明显相关性。【结论】组织局部炎症细胞浸润程度可能是鼻内翻性乳头状瘤发生发展过程中的重要影响因素

经皮机械性血栓清除联合支架植入治疗髂静脉狭窄合并下肢深静脉血栓形成的中远期疗效

目的观察经皮机械性血栓清除（PMT）联合髂静脉支架植入治疗髂静脉狭窄合并下肢深静脉血栓形成的中远期疗效。方法收集2017年1月至2021年6月于浙北地区五家三级医院血管外科接受PMT联合髂静脉支架植入治疗的髂静脉狭窄合并下肢深静脉血栓形成总计125例患者的临床资料及随访信息，统计下肢血栓清除率、患肢血栓复发率、支架通畅率、下肢血栓后综合征（PTS）发生率，以及安全性评估指标如出血、死亡、肺栓塞、支架折断和移位等。结果125例患者中，下肢血栓清除程度Ⅰ级8例（6.4%），Ⅱ级10例（8.0%），Ⅲ级107例（85.6%）。中位随访时间为74个月，12、24、36个月患肢血栓复发率分别为8.48%、8.93%和10.91%，髂静脉支架通畅率分别为91.52%、91.07%和89.09%，PTS发生率分别为5.08%、5.36%和6.36%，且均为轻度PTS。未出现如死亡、大面积肺栓塞及严重肝肾功能不全等重大安全性事件，未出现因支架折断等特殊情况再次入院干预事件。结论PMT联合髂静脉支架植入能迅速清除髂静脉狭窄合并下肢深静脉血栓形成患者的下肢深静脉血栓，恢复下肢静脉血流，中远期支架通畅率高，PTS发生率低，安全性较高。</sec

Identification and Characterization of Vibrio pomeroyi Isolated from Apostichopus japonicus with Skin Ulcer Syndrome During Aestivation

以患有腐皮综合征的度夏仿刺参(APOSTICHOPuS JAPOnICuS)为对象,从其体壁病灶处分离纯化获得一株病原细菌.通过传统细菌鉴定方法对病原菌的形态学、生理生化特征和培养特征进行研究;以16SrrnA基因测序为基础,结合基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱技术(MAldI-TOf MS)进行鉴定,结果表明该菌株在分类上属于伯麦罗氏弧菌(VIbrIO POMErOyI);人工感染实验验证了不论是注射感染还是浸浴感染,该菌株均能导致仿刺参发病甚至死亡.此外,将本次实验获得的伯麦罗氏弧菌菌株SuS(V.POMErOyI SuS)与伯麦罗氏弧菌的其他菌株,如V.POMErOyI lMg20537T(典型菌株)、V.POMErOyI 929进行比较,探讨了来自不同海域的菌株生理生化特征与环境因子之间的关系.研究结果显示:伯麦罗氏弧菌为南移度夏仿刺参腐皮综合征的病原菌,而且表明MAldI-TOf MS技术结合微生物数据库MAldI bIOTyPEr系统的鉴定方法准确、便捷、重复性高,非常适合于传统鉴定方法易混淆的种类鉴别,这为南移仿刺参的疾病检查和预防奠定了基础.The sea cucumber,Apostichopus japonicus(Selenka,1867),is a major aquaculture species along the coastline of northern China.Because of increasing demand of the profitable species,culture of A.japonicus has expanded towards to the southern region of China including Fujian,Guangdong Provinces.However,as a temperate species,A.japonicusis more easily infected by environmental bacteria during aestivation,and skin ulcer syndrome is proved to be the major disease of sea cucumber.In this study,a dominant bacterium strain was isolated from the body wall of diseased cultured sea cucumber(A.japonicus)infected with skin ulcer syndrome.Phenotypic characterization of the bacteria was investigated with traditional biochemical tests.Genotypic characterization was evaluated by 16SrRNA gene sequencing technique,along with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-Tof-MS).The phenotypic and genotypic characterization proved that the pathogen was Vibrio pomeroyi.Meanwhile,the artificial infection test proved that V.pomeroyi could cause severe infections and even death whether injection or immersion.Additionally,comparing V.pomeroyi SUS isolated from China with other strains of V.pomeroyi,including LMG 20537T(type strain)isolated from Brazil and V.pomeroyi 929isolated from Peter the Great Bay showed distinctly different tolerance pattern with environmental factors,e.g.salinity and temperature.For the first time this paper reported the isolation of the pathogen of A.japonicus with skin ulcer syndrome during aestivation in southern China and MALDI-Tof MS analysis was proved to be an accurate and rapid method for identification and differentiation of common pathogens.福建省海洋与渔业厅科研专项(闽海渔科(2012)003号

台灣幸福企業之研究- 以利茗機械股份有限公司與鐵碳企業股份有限公司為例

[[abstract]]你幸福嗎?一個基本的問候語， 卻帶來了更多省思與迷惘。台灣人用全球第一的超長工時，拼出了世界級的競爭力，也拼出了第一低的生育率。企業為追求更低的製造成本將工廠遷往更低薪資勞動力的地方，但也將企業與家庭活生生的切成天平的兩端，不少的家庭就在這樣脆弱的天平上走著。 在西方實行多年的「最佳雇主」、「最佳職場」等獎項，近些年也吹進台灣，在產業企業、政府機關間興起所謂的「幸福企業」評選，可謂風起雲湧。實證研究指出，榮膺這些獎項的幸福企業，不論在營運績效、股價上都是正向幫助。然而談到幸福企業，相關的本土研究文獻較闕如，研究指出快樂的員工會為公司帶來正面的成效。 為了確實提升員工的幸福感，去實際了解員工的內心感受，並且針對員工所需來對症下藥，才是能兼顧企業花費成本及員工感受的良策。然而傳統企業因上下階層的體制，員工很難坦誠的點出缺失，容易讓員工有職場上所謂不易升遷或是被裁員的處境。然後我們的衡量指表有: 工作環境指標、待遇與培育指標、福利與獎勵指標、友善職場指標。 最後研究結果兩間公司營運的方式皆不相同但兩者幸福企業對於自身員工以及對顧客的理念都是秉持著要好還要更好的方式前進，並希望能繼續朝著「幸福企業三星」邁進