The roles of macrophytes in maintenance of aqua-ecosystem health

大型水生植物对维持水生态系统的健康非常重要。水生植物通过为水生动物和微生物提供食物和栖息地、对进入水体的径流进行拦截、过滤和吸附、从水体和沉积物中吸收氮、磷和重金属元素等污染物、进行光合作用为水生态系统提供氧气、化感作用抑制藻类生长等途径维持水体生态系统的健康发展。认识到水生植物是水生态系统的重要组成部分,又是水生态系统健康的一项重要指标,对水生态健康的维持、水资源的保护和永续利用具有重要的意义。Macrophytes play multiple roles in maintaining the health of aqua-ecosystem.The aquatic macrophytes, which can supply food and habitat for animals and microorganisms, intercept and filter water runoff, absorb and adsorb nutrients and heavy metals from water layer and sediment, excrete oxygen into aqua-ecosystem by photosynthesis and inhibit algal bloom through allelopathy, are very important for aqua-ecosystem health.On the other side, they are also key indicators for the health of aqua-ecosystem.Recognizing these points will help to maintain aqua-ecosystem health and protect water resource sustainably.国家自然科学基金(50809063

Resources and application prospects of mosquito repellent and mosquitocidal plants

蚊虫吸食人血、传播疾病,严重危害人类健康。长期以来,化学合成杀虫剂由于驱灭蚊虫的效果好、持续时间长,一直占据主要地位,但长期使用化学合成杀虫剂,不仅可使蚊虫产生抗药性,而且还会造成环境污染,因此环境友好型的蚊虫防治手段日益受到人们的关注。该论文基于蚊虫与水、植物等环境因素关系的分析,阐述了植物在防治蚊虫方面的潜力;概括了我国的驱蚊、灭蚊植物资源及开发利用现状;探讨了驱蚊、灭蚊植物在防治蚊虫产品开发、生态保健型园林绿地和健康湿地系统建设等方面应用情况并展望了驱蚊、灭蚊植物资源开发利用的广阔前景,以期为蚊虫的生态防治提供新思路。Mosquitoes are seriously harmful to human health for transmitting some mortal diseases.Among all methods of mosquito control,synthetical insecticides are the most popular for their effective and durable effects.But there is high resistance of mosquito to insecticides and heavy environmental pollution as a result of long-term use of synthetical insecticides.Thus,eco-friendly prevention measures are taken into the agenda.Based on the relationship between mosquito and the environment,such as water and plant,this paper discussed the potential of controlling mosquito by plants,and summarized the resource of mosquito-repellent and mosquitocidal plants in China.We emphasized the wide application prospect of mosquito-repellent and mosquitocidal plants in mosquito control products,and in modern protective greenlands and healthy wetland ecosystems,which provided a new idea for ecological management of mosquito

Research Progress for the Application of Plants in Mosquito Control

作者简介汪秀芳( 1980 － ) ，女，湖北红安人，博士后，从事湿地生态学 与水环境研究，E-mail: [email protected]。[中文文摘]从植物防制蚊虫的历史与演变、植物防制蚊虫的活性成分、影响植物防制蚊虫效果的因素3 个方面综述了利用植物防制蚊虫的研究进展，指出了植物防制蚊虫中存在的问题，并对植物防制蚊虫的应用前景进行了展望。[英文文摘]The research progress for the application of plants in mosquito control was summarized from three aspects of history and evolution，active constituents，influencing factors． The existing problems were pointed out and application prospect was forecasted

Purification efficiency of four combinations of aquatic macrophytes on eutrophic water body in winter

通讯作者E-mail: [email protected][中文文摘]选择10种耐低温的水生植物构建4种植物组合,研究了冬季低温环境下不同水生植物组合对富营养化水体的净化效果。结果表明:组合1〔常绿水生鸢尾(Iris hexagonus Hybrid)+羊蹄(Rumex japonicus)+金叶"金钱蒲"(Acorus gramineus"Ogan")+反曲灯心草"蓝箭"(Juncus inflexus"BlueArrows")〕4种植物均能在试验富营养化水体中茂盛生长,且对TN、NOx-N、NH4-N和TP的去除率分别为47.8%、52.2%、32.4%和70.1%;组合2〔常绿水生鸢尾+羊蹄+金叶"金钱蒲"+大苞萱草(Hemerocallis middendorfii)〕4种植物也都能在试验富营养化水体中存活,并且有一定量的生长,对TN、NOx-N、NH4-N和TP的去除率分别为44.2%、58.5%、34.6%和67.8%;而未种植物的对照对TN、NOx-N、NH4-N和TP的去除率分别为40.0%、25.9%、27.3%和64.5%;组合1和2对富营养化水体有较好的净化效果。组合3和组合4中由于吊兰(Chlorophytum comosum)和三穗薹草(Carex tristachya)等植物长势较差,仅对NOx-N具有较明显去除能力,对其他指标去除效果不明显。通过这些水生植物在富营养化水体中生长特性和对营养元素的去除能力,发现冬季组合1和2的净化效果较好,是低温条件下适宜的浮床植物组合形式。[英文文摘]Ten species of low temperature-tolerant aquatic macrophytes were chosen to construct four combinations of aquatic macrophytes to study their purification efficiency on eutrophic water body in winter.In non-macrophyte treatment (CK),the removal efficiency of water total nitrogen (TN) ，nitrite nitrogen ( NOx-N) ,ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N),and total phosphorus (TP) was 40.0%,25.9%,27.3%, and 64.5%,respectively.Combination 1 (Iris hexagonus Hybrid + Rumex japonicas + Acorus gramineus“Ogan”+ Juncus inflexus“Blue Arrows”) grew luxuriantly in the test eutrophic water body,and performed best in decreasing water TN,NOx-N,NH4-N,and TP,with the removal efficiency being 47.8%,52.2%,32.4%，and 70.1%,respectively. Combination 2 ( I． hexagonus Hybrid + R． japonicas + A． gramineus “Ogan”+ Hemerocallis middendorfii) could survive and had definite growth amount in the test eutrophic water,and the removal efficiency of water TN,NOx-N,NH4-N,and TP was 44.2%,58.5%,34. 6% and 67.8%,respectively.In contrast,both the combination 3 ( R.japonicas + Lolium perenne + Chlorophytum comosum + Juncus pallidus R.Br. “Javelin”) and the combination 4 (R.japonicas + L. perenne + C.comosum + Carex tristachya) only had an obvious efficiency in removing NOx-N but less efficiency in removing TN,NH4-N,and TP,due to the poor growth of C.comosum and C.tristachya.It was suggested that combinations 1 and 2 had better purification efficiency on eutrophic water body,being the suitable combination forms of aquatic macrophytes floating-bed under low temperature in winter.国家自然科学基金项目(50809063)资