SiO2@Phosphorous-containing Polymer Core-shell Structure Nanoparticles Flame Retardant Modified Epoxy

环氧树脂是一种非常重要的热固性材料，由于具有良好的化学稳定性、黏结性、低收缩、优异的热性能及机械性能等，它广泛应用于黏结剂、涂料、电子封装及复合材料等领域。然而，环氧树脂阻燃性能的不足是其应用受到限制的主要因素之一，因此，建立新型无卤、无毒的环氧树脂阻燃体系越来越成为广大研究者关注的焦点。本文首先合成了一种DOPO衍生物—甲基丙烯酸DOPO乙酯（简称HEPO），然后采用RAFT聚合法调控制备了尺寸可控的含磷嵌段共聚物PHEPOm-b-PGMAn（简称PHDG）和均聚物PMOEP。将它们接枝在SiO2纳米粒子表面，得到了新型含磷、硅阻燃核壳结构杂化纳米粒子SiO2-PHDG和SiO2-PMOEP...Epoxy resin (EP) is a kind of very important thermosetting material, which is widely used in the fields of adhesive, coating, electronic/electrical insulation, and composite applications, due to its low shrinkage, excellent adhesion, superior thermal and mechanical stabilities and excellent chemical resistance. However, the more extended applications of EP is limited by its poor flame resistance p...学位：工学硕士院系专业：材料学院_材料加工工程学号：2072012115002

Effects of fertilization on Casuarina equisetifolia seedlings total phenolics and extractable condensed tannin contents.

研究了施用氮肥和磷肥对短枝木麻黄幼苗总酚(TOTAl PHEnOlICS,TP)和可溶性缩合单宁(EXTrACTAblE COndEnSEd TAnnIn,ECT)含量的影响,探讨短枝木麻黄单宁形成的养分效应.结果表明:施加氮肥使短枝木麻黄幼苗小枝的TP和ECT含量显著降低,支持碳氮平衡假说和生长分化平衡假说,但对氮含量没有显著影响,从而导致TP/n和ECT/n降低;施加磷肥对TP和ECT含量没有显著影响;随着处理时间的延长,短枝木麻黄幼苗小枝TP含量升高了9.91%~14.32%,而ECT含量降低了14.32%~298.88%;TP或ECT与有机物质含量的关系则相反,表明不同类型单宁的合成途径不同,但由于TP和ECT均与氮含量无显著相关性,故不支持蛋白质竞争模型;在贫瘠土壤条件下,TP/n和ECT/n的水平较高,有利于提高短枝木麻黄的防御水平,降低凋落物的分解率,减少养分损失,从而保持较高的生产力.This paper studied the effects of nitrogen-and phosphorus fertilization on the total phenolics(TP) and extractable condensed tannin(ECT) contents in the branchlets of Casuarina equisetifolia seedlings,aimed to approach the nutrient effect on tannin production.Under nitrogen fertilization,the TP and ECT contents decreased significantly,which supported the hypotheses of carbon-nitrogen balance(CNB) and growth-differentiation balance(GDB),but the plant nitrogen content had less change,resulting in the decrease of TP/N and ECT/N ratios.Phosphorus fertilization had no significant effects on the TP and ECT production.With prolonged treatment time,the TP content in the branchlets of C.equisetifolia seedlings increased by 9.91%-14.32%,but the ECT content decreased by 14.32%-298.88%.The TP and ECT had opposite relationships with organic matters content,showing that different types of tannin had different biosynthetic pathways.However,both TP and ECT had no significant correlation with nitrogen content,and thus,the protein competition model(PCM) was not supported.Under nutrient-poor condition,the TP/N and ECT/N ratios were relatively high,which would be beneficial for the improvement of defense ability,the decrease of litter decomposition ratio and nutrient loss,and the maintenance of high productivity of C.equisetifolia plantations.国家“十一五”科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD03A14-01);国家林业局南方山地用材林培育重点实验室和福建省森林培育与林产品加工利用重点实验室项目资

Rhizosphere soil nutrient and enzyme activity of Casuarina equisetifolia clone plantation and seedling plantation

木麻黄无性系林根际土壤有机质、全氮、水解氮、全磷、全钾、速效钾、钙和镁离子含量均大于木麻黄实生林,有效磷含量则相反。与实生林相比,木麻黄无性系林根际和非根际土壤pH值均有所下降,CEC值增加。木麻黄无性系林根际土壤脲酶、磷酸酶、过氧化物酶及多酚氧化酶活性均高于木麻黄实生林。脲酶除外,其余3种酶活性均是根际大于非根际。与木麻黄实生林相比,木麻黄无性系林根际环境得到改善,林地土壤营养贮量和养分供应能力提高,生长效果亦优于本地实生苗造林。The results showed that the contents of organic matter,total N,Hydrolytic N,total P,total K,available K,Ca2+ and Mg2+ in rhizosphere soil of clone plantation were higher than those of seedling plantation,except for available P.Compared to seedling C.equisetifolia,pH value of soil declined in clone plantation but CEC value increased.Uresese,phosphataese,peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase of rhizosphere soil were more active in clone plantation than those in seedling plantation.Environment in rhizosphere soil of C.equisetifolia clone plantation was improved and nutrient-holding and providing capacities were enhanced,therefore,growth status was better than seedling C.equisetifolia.国家“十一五”科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD03A14-01,2006BAD01A16);; 福建省重大专项和福建省林木种苗攻关项

木麻黄低效林不同发育阶段小枝养分和热值动态

对福建东南沿海防护林木麻黄低效林不同发育阶段小枝中养分(氮、磷)状况、内吸收率和热值的比较研究表明,木麻黄低效林小枝中氮含量分别高于正常林中相应发育阶段的小枝,而磷的含量在幼嫩小枝中低效林高于正常林,在成熟和衰老小枝中正常林高于低效林;低效林氮的内吸收效率稍低于正常林,而磷的内吸收效率则高于正常林;正常林和低效林小枝中的N:P比都高于16;低效林幼嫩和衰老小枝中的热值与正常林差别不显著,而低效林成熟小枝中的热值高于正常林。国家“十一五”科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD03A14-01);; 福建省重大科技专项(2006NZ0001-2);; 福建省森林培育与林产品加工利用重点实验室资助项

Soil heterotrophic respiration in Casuarina equisetifolia plantation at different stand ages

以中国亚热带木麻黄沿海防护林为研究对象,在2006年5月-2007年4月,利用lI-8100土壤呼吸自动观测系统对不同林龄(幼林、中林、成林)木麻黄人工林生态系统的土壤异养呼吸特征进行了监测。结果表明,不同林龄木麻黄林地土壤异养呼吸季节动态均呈单峰曲线,最大值出现在6~7月份,最小值则出现在12~1月份。土壤温度和水分对土壤异养呼吸的季节变化存在显著影响,并有明显的交互作用,进行单因素方差分析发现,土壤异养呼吸季节变化与5CM深的土温存在着较好的指数相关关系(P成林>幼林。随着林龄的增大,土壤异养呼吸对土壤温度的敏感性增强。土壤异养呼吸对土壤总呼吸的贡献在幼林、中林、成林中分别达到71.89%、71.02%和73.53%。幼林、中林、成林样地土壤异养呼吸CO2年释放量分别为29.072、38.964和30.530T·HM-2·A-1。The soil respiration rates (Rh) in 6-year-old (young), 17-year-old (middle-age), 31-year-old (mature) Casuarina equisetifolia coastal plantations were measured using an LICOR-8100 automated soil CO2 flux system from May 2006 to April 2007.Results show that Rh displayed an obvious seasonal pattern across the observed years.The maximum values of Rh occurred at June and July and the minimum at December and January.Soil temperature and soil moisture as well as their interaction had significant effects on the monthly dynamics of Rh.The analysis by one-way ANOVA showed that Rh had a significantly exponential relation (pmature plantation>young-age plantation.With the increase of growth age of plantation, the Q10 of Rh increased.The contribution of Rh to total soil surface CO2 flux was 71.89%, 71.02% and 73.53% for the young, middle-age and mature plantation, respectively.It was estimated that the annual CO2 fluxes from Rh were 29.07, 38.964 and 30.530 t·ha-1·a-1 for the young, middle-age and mature plantation, respectively.supportedbyKeyProjectsintheNationalScience&TechnologyPillarProgramduringtheEleventhFive-yearPlanPeriod(Nos.2006BAD03A14-01);ImportantScience&TechnologySpecificProjectsofFujianprovince(2006NZ0001-2);supportedbytheKeyLaboratoryofsouthmountaintimberculti-va

滨海沙地主要造林树种纯林与混交林叶片热值特征

对福建东南沿海防护林4种主要树种纯林及混交林共8个林分类型成熟和衰老叶片的热值进行了研究。结果表明,在4种纯林中,厚荚相思叶片中热值最高,湿地松次之,都高于木麻黄和桉树;木麻黄纯林、木麻黄-厚荚相思混交林、木麻黄-湿地松混交林中木麻黄小枝热值差别不显著,都高于与桉树混交的木麻黄小枝;厚荚相思纯林和混交林成熟叶及衰老叶热值都高于湿地松和桉树;在所有的林分类型中,衰老叶中的热值都高于成熟叶或差别不显著。国家“十一五”科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD03A14-01);; 福建省重大科技专项(2006NZ0001-2);; 福建省森林培育与林产品加工利用重点实验室资助项

木麻黄基干林带后的风速变化规律和空间分布

以木麻黄基干林后沿风速为研究对象,从2006年11月到2007年3月在东山岛调查了不同发育阶段的木麻黄基干林后有效防护距离内的风速。结果表明:基干林带后风速总体上呈上升趋势,但在5h-10h有所下降,10h后风速一直上升,直到25h处接近于空旷地;空间分布呈平滑的上升曲面,局部有凸起和下凹区域,等值线分布疏密相间,局部区域弯曲不直。国家“十一五”科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD03A14-01);; 福建省重大科技专项(2006NZ0001-2

Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations,N∶P ratio and resorption efficiency of leaves in different forest types

以福建东山沿海防护林中木麻黄、厚荚相思、刚果桉和湿地松4种主要树种为研究对象,探讨了纯林和混交林成熟叶与衰老叶中的养分状况、氮磷比、养分内吸收率以及它们之间的关系。结果表明:叶片中的养分浓度和内吸收率一般表现为纯林高于混交林、固氮树种高于非固氮树种。这是由于混交林和固氮树种改善了立地条件,林木能够从土壤中吸收较多的养分,从而降低了二者叶片中的养分内吸收率。各林分类型成熟叶片中的氮磷比都大于14,表明这些立地条件都存在不同程度的磷限制,导致大部分林分叶片磷内吸收率(rEP)大于氮内吸收率(rEn),因而衰老叶中的氮磷比大于成熟叶,但成熟叶和衰老叶氮磷比之间依然存在显著的正相关关系。不同林分类型成熟叶和衰老叶养分浓度、内吸收率和氮磷比在固氮树种和非固氮树种中存在互补性,表明固氮树种和非固氮树种在养分利用方面存在差异。不同树种的营养利用策略不同,在选择造林树种时,应优先考虑叶片养分含量低而内吸收率高的“营养保存型“树种。Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations,N∶P ratio,nutrient resorption efficiency and their relationship in mature and senescent leaves in pure and mixed protection forest of Casuarina equisetifolia,Acacia crassicarpa,Eucalyptus ABL 12 W5 and Pinus elliottii were discussed in this paper.The results showed that nutrient concentration and resorption efficiency of leaves were higher in pure forest and N fixing species than in mixed forest and non-N-fixing species,respectively.This indicated that soil nutrient availability increased in mixed forest and N-fixing species,so the trees could absorb more nutrients from soil and depended less on nutrient resorption from senescent leaves.The N∶P ratios of mature leaves were all above 14,nitrogen was less limiting than phosphorus,and accordingly phosphorus resorption efficiency(RE_P)was higher than nitrogen resorption efficiency(RE_N).N∶P ratio was increased with leaf senescence.There was significant positive relationship between N∶P ratio in mature and in senescent leaves.Inter-and intraspecific correlations among nutrient concentrations,nutrient resorption and N∶P ratio of mature and senescent leaves in various forest types were different in N-fixing and non-N-fixing species.Due to the difference of nutrient use strategy for various life-forms,there was a significant correlation in N-fixing species,but no correlation in non-N-fixing species,and vice versa."Nutrient conservation" species,such as P.elliottii,with low leaf nutrient and high nutrient resorption efficiency should be prior selected for afforestation.“十一五”国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD03A14-01);福建省科技重大项目(2006NZ0001-2);国家林业局南方山地用材林培育重点实验室项

不同生长发育阶段木麻黄海岸林的防风效应

为探讨海岸木麻黄林分的风速变化规律和空间分布,从2006年11月到2007年3月在福建东山岛测定了不同发育阶段木麻黄林分内外多点的风速。应用等值线图法进行分析,结果表明:木麻黄林分各测点风速呈开口向上的抛物线,从空旷地到林分内10h之间风速呈下降趋势,在10h之后风速呈增长趋势;空间分布呈向上的V形曲面,其中有部分凸出和下凹区域;等值线分布疏密相间,有部分闭合区域。国家“十一五”科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD03A14-01);; 福建省重大科技专项(2006NZ0001-2

木麻黄低效林不同发育阶段小枝单宁含量

为了探讨环境条件对单宁生产的影响,该文选择木麻黄低效林三个不同发育阶段的小枝进行单宁含量的测定。结果表明:在不同的发育阶段,总酚含量表现为幼嫩>成熟>衰老小枝,缩合单宁中除纤维素结合缩合单宁外,均表现为随小枝成熟而下降,随小枝衰老而升高;在低效林中的各单宁组分均高于对照。对环境条件比较敏感的幼嫩小枝和受环境胁迫较重的低效林比对照小枝中单宁含量高,表明不良的环境条件促进了单宁的形成。国家“十一五”科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD03A14-01);; 福建省重大科技专项(2006NZ0001-2);; 福建省森林培育与林产品加工利用重点实验室资助项