Discussion of the Impact of Capital Market on Corporate Governance of Listed Companies

公司治理问题对于完善一国的市场体系具有十分重要的意义。由于各国的政治、经济、文化及企业制度的发展轨迹不同，我们不可能找到一种普遍适用的公司治理模式。我国处于计划经济体制向市场经济体制转轨时期的公司治理改革与西方发达国家的公司治理改革，甚至与其它同样处于经济转轨时期国家的公司治理改革都存在着截然不同的特点。因此，要解决我国上市公司治理问题就必需从我国转轨经济这个最大的国情出发，同时结合我国资本市场的其他重要特点。由于资本市场是上市公司治理最重要的外部环境之一，它对公司治理具有至关重要的作用，因此本文选择从资本市场对公司治理的作用对我国转轨经济时期的上市公司治理问题进行研究。根据资本市场上投资主体...Corporate governance is very significant for perfecting the market system of a country. Because of the difference in polity, economy, culture and track of company system, we can find out a model for corporate governance which is suitable for any countries. The transit from planned economy to market economy complicates the corporate governance revolution of listed companies. Chinese revolution of c...学位：管理学硕士院系专业：管理学院工商管理教育中心（MBA中心）_工商管理硕士(MBA)学号：X19991504

Study on the Reform of Judicatory Appraisal System in China

司法鉴定制度是我国诉讼制度中的重要一环，鉴定结论作为一项法定证据，对案件的审理起着至关重要的作用。长期以来，我国的司法鉴定制度相对滞后，在一定程度上影响了法院对案件的公正审理。全国人大常委会于2005年2月28日通过的《全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于司法鉴定管理问题的决定》，对争议已久的司法鉴定管理问题作出了决定，迈出了我国司法鉴定制度改革的重要一步。但是它只解决了我国司法鉴定制度目前存在的部分问题，对一些司法鉴定的主要制度如司法鉴定启动权的归属、司法鉴定人制度、鉴定结论质证程序等未作规定。本文从比较两大法系司法鉴定制度这一角度出发，分析评价两者之间的优缺点和发展趋势，同时借鉴两大法系国家对司...Judicatory Appraisal System is a vital part of the litigation system in China. Being a legitimate proof, the appraisal conclusion is to some extent decisive for the hearing of a case, and sometimes it will influence the estimation of the judge on the other proofs, directly or indirectly. But for the lasting of the time, the judicatory appraisal system in China lagged behind the legal progress and ...学位：法律硕士院系专业：法学院法律系_法律硕士(JM)学号：X20020807

体育游戏对幼儿身体素质影响的实验研究

1问题的提出现代社会的发展使生活方式和生活内容却发生了巨大的变化,互联网和电子产品的使用使人们足不出户就可以购物娱乐和了解世界。信息时代在给人们带来极大便利的同时,也产生了许多负面影响。尤其对于少年儿童而言,沉溺于电子产品和网络游戏,缺乏户外活

EFFECTS OF SOIL TEXTURE AND LIGHT ON GROWTH AND PHYSIOLOGY PARAMETERS IN KANDELIA CANDEL

在香港的 3个红树林样地即黄竹湾 (沙土 )、西径 (沙壤土 )和米埔 (粘壤土 )进行了土壤结构对秋茄 (K an-delia candel(L .) Druce)生长和生理影响的研究 ,并在米埔比较了林内和林外秋茄幼苗的生长和生理参数以观察光照水平的效应。在沙土和沙壤土生长的 1.5年秋茄幼苗比粘壤土具有较粗的基径和较高的总生物量 ,说明秋茄幼苗在沙土和沙壤土中比在粘壤土中生长更好。沙土 1.5年秋茄幼苗的叶片厚度分别为沙壤土和粘壤土的 1.75和 2 .0 5倍 ,表明沙土中的秋茄幼苗具旱生结构以维持体内水分。然而 ,沙土和沙壤土 4.5年秋茄幼树的叶片厚度无显著差异。沙土和沙壤土中 1.5年秋茄幼苗分配于根系的生物量比例约为 5 0 % ,高于粘壤土的值 (约 40 % )。沙土和沙壤土中 1.5年的秋茄比粘壤土具有较低的叶绿素含量、根系活力、硝酸盐还原酶活性、过氧化物酶 (POX)活性、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活性及较高的丙二醛 (MDA )含量。米埔 1.5年秋茄幼苗在红树林外比林内有更好的长势 ,具有更大的叶面积、特殊叶面积、叶片数量及生物量。林内幼苗具有较高叶绿素含量、较低叶绿素 a/b比值、较高硝酸盐还原酶活性和较强的根系活力。林外幼苗的叶片 POX和 SOD活性比林内的值稍高 ,MDA含量比林内显著要高Growth and physiological changes in Kandelia candel (L.) Druce with varying soil texture were investigated at three sites in Hong Kong: at Wong Chuk Wan(sandy soil), Sai Keng(loamy-sandy soil) and Mai Po(silty-loamy soil). The effects of light level were studied at Mai Po by comparison of plants located under a mangrove canopy with those in a light gap. 1.5 year old K. candel plants had a larger basal stem diameter and higher total biomass in sandy and loamy-sandy soil than in silty-loam soil, partially indicating that K. candel seedlings can grow better in sandy soil than loamy soil. Leaf thickness of 1.5 year old K. candel seedlings growing in sandy soil was 1.75 and 2.05 times that of seedlings from loamy-sandy soil and silty-loamy soil, respectively, indicating that K. candel seedlings developed a xerophilous character to maintain water. However, this response is dependent on plant age as no significant difference was observed in leaf thickness of 4.5 year old plants growing in sandy and loamy-sandy soil. In 1.5 year old K. candel seedlings more biomass was allocated to roots in sandy and loamy-sandy soils (about 50%) than silty-loamy soil (about 40%). 1.5 year old K. candel plants had a lower chlorophyll content and lower root, reductase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities, but higher malonaldehyde content than in silty-loamy soil. K. candel seedlings at Mai Po grew better in light gaps than under a mangrove canopy. Light gap plants had relatively larger leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf number and biomass. Also, there was higher Chl content and lower Chl a/b ratio in leaves of 1.5 years old K. candel plants growing under the mangrove canopy than those growing in light gaps, as well as higher leaf nitrate reductase activity and higher root activity. POX activity and SOD activity in leaves of K. candel seedlings growing under light gap conditions were slightly, but not significantly, higher than in leaves of seedlings growing under the mangrove canopy, resulting in higher MDA content.香港城市大学资助项

Removal of livestock wastewater nutrient by mangrove systems

在 2种盐度条件下 (淡水与盐度 30的人工海水 )通过温室盆栽系统对比研究了 2种主要红树植物木榄和秋茄对牲畜废水的处理效应 .牲畜废水的加入使植物体P含量增加 1— 4倍 ,N含量增加 0 0 4— 1 30倍 .淡水条件下秋茄和木榄系统N的处理效率分别为 84 3%和 95 5 % ,海水条件下则为 92 7%和 98 0 % .淡水条件下秋茄和木榄系统P的处理效率分别为79 2 %和 91 8% ,海水条件下则为 88 0 %和 97 8% .盐度对秋茄植物体N的去除无显著效应 .2种植物体对P的处理效率为 4% ,远比N的处理效率低 .废水来源的营养盐大多被土壤去除The present investigation compared the capacity of greenhouse pot\|cultivation systems under two salinity conditions (freshwater and saline water) with two main mangrove species, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Kandelia candel ,to remove nutrients from livestock wastewater.The increasing times of P contents in plants receiving livestock wastewater were 1—4 times that of the controls,much more than those of N contents (0\^04—1\^30 times).The removal efficiencies of N nutrients from livestock wastewater were 84\^3% and 95\^5% respectively by Kandelia candel and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza pot\|cultivation systems under freshwater condition and 92\^7% and 98\^0% under saline water condition.P nutrient removal efficiencies by Kandelia candel and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza systems under freshwater condition were 79\^2% and 91\^8% respectively and 88\^0% and 97\^8% under saline water condition.Salinity condition has no significant effect on the N nutrient removal by Kandelia candel plants.The P removal efficiencies by Kandelia candel and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza plants were less than 4% and much lower than those of N.Under both salinity conditions,higher N/P absorption ratios by plants were found in Bruguiera gymnorrhiza plants (11\^64 and 10\^64 under freshwater and saline water conditions respectively).Most of the nutrients retained to the systems due to the discharges of livestock wastewater were removed by soils.Most N nutrients retained in soils lost away from the systems

Phytoplankton diversity in Futian mangrove wetland of Shenzhen:Composition and distribution

根据深圳福田红树林湿地的浮游植物周年调查资料,分析浮游植物群落多样性的组成与时空分布特征,并利用浮游植物群落多样性指数对湿地水体的营养状态进行评价。共记录浮游植物5门28属51种,各季度浮游植物数量均超过106Ind.l-1。硅藻分布广泛,在种类和数量上均占主导地位,优势种为微小小环藻(CyClOTEllA CASPIA)和诺氏海链藻(THAlASSIOSIrA nOrdEnSkIldI)等,耐受污染的藻类,如小颤藻(OSCIllATOrIA MInIMA)、鱼形裸藻(EuglEnA PISCIfOrMIS)在夏秋2季成为个别站位的优势种。浮游植物种类组成时空变化明显,而数量的空间变化较大、季节变化不大,优势种的时空变化明显,但种类单一,多样性指数的空间变化较大。群落多样性指数评价结果显示,深圳红树林湿地处于中-富营养化状态,有向富营养化过渡的趋势,应加强对内陆径流和污水排放进入红树林湿地的严格控制和管理。Based on the field survey in 2005-2006,the composition and spatiotemporal distribution of phytoplankton diversity in Futian mangrove wetland of Shenzhen were studied,and the water body’s trophic state of the wetland was assessed by using Shannon-Wiener diversity index,Pielou evenness index,Margalef abundance index,and dominance index.A total of 51 species (including 1 variety and 9 unidentified species) belonging to 28 genera in 5 phyta were identified.The phytoplankton density in each season all reached 106 ind·L-1 or more.In terms of species number and quantity,diatom was dominant in the phytoplankton community.Cyclotella caspia and Thalassiosira nordenskildi were the dominant species,while the other pollution-tolerance species such as Oscillatoria minima and Euglena pisciformis became dominant in some stations in summer and autumn.In contrast to the remarkable spatiotemporal variation of species composition,a greater spatial but little temporal variation of phytoplankton quantity was observed.Dominant species had remarkable spatiotemporal variation,but the simplicity was obvious.The four diversity indices presented more spatial variation,and the assessment with these indices showed that the water body’s trophic state of the wetland was at meso-eutrophic,and tended to be eutrophicated.It was necessary to strictly control the wastewater discharging and inland runoff into the mangrove wetland.国家海洋局908专项—中国海洋生物种类名录和图谱资助项目(908-ZC-Ⅱ-02

Effects of simulated sea level rise on the mangrove Kandelia candel

研究了壤质沙土 (粗质土 )和粘土 (细质土 )条件下红树植物秋茄 (K andelia candel)对水位上升和淹水时间延长的反应。模拟海平面上升 30 cm导致红树林土壤的酸化 ,且细质土的酸化比粗质土严重 ;秋茄繁殖体的萌苗速度明显加快 ;促进秋茄的早期生长 ,尤其是导致最初 2个月茎高生长的增加 ,然而 ,后 2个月秋茄的相对生长率并不因水位的升高而增加 ;地下部 /地上部生物量比减小 ,在粗质土中尤为如此 ;幼苗粗根比例明显增加 ;叶片叶绿素 a/ b比值下降。在微型盆栽试验条件下 ,无论是高水位还是低水位 ,所有的秋茄繁殖体均成功萌发且幼苗在整个试验期间均成活。在野外条件下 ,秋茄幼苗成活率在高水位和低水位条件下均高达 90 %以上。野外条件下 ,无论是经胚轴萌发还是幼苗移栽的幼苗 ,最初 4个月的茎高生长均为低潮区高于高潮区 ,与微型试验结果相同。微型盆栽试验和野外种植试验均表明 ,海平面上升 30 cm对秋茄的萌发和早期生长具有促进作用Due to their special habitats, intertidal zones along tropical and subtropical coastlines, mangroves may be influenced by decreased intertidal elevation and prolonged tidal inundation from sea level rise. Kandelia candel is a major viviparous mangrove species of the east group and dominative along South China coastlines. The present study aims to investigate propagule establishment, seedling growth and physiological responses of Kandelia candel to simulated sea level rise of 30cm under different soil types. Mesocosm experiment was set up as follows. Mature viviparous propagules of K. candel were planted in pots containing soils from Mai Po and Sai Kung mangrove forests in Hong Kong with loamy-sandy (coarse) and silty (fine) textures. Four tanks were used in this experiment, one for high water level with coarse soil (Treatment HC), one for high water level with fine soil (Treatment HF), one for low water level with coarse soil (Treatment LC), one for low water level with fine soil (Treatment LF). Artificial seawater with salinity of 15 was pumped into and out of the tanks at regular intervals so that the systems formed simulated semidiurnal tidal conditions with two “flooding tide” periods and two “ebbing tide” periods everyday. Daily inundation time of high and low water treatments was 16 h and 4 h, respectively. Water level of HC and HF was 30 cm above soil surface, higher than those of LC and LF (0 cm). Each treatment had 3 replicate pots, i.e., there were three pots in each tank. Under both high and low water levels, all propagules successfully established and the seedlings survived throughout the mesocosm experiment. Acidity due to simulated sea level rise was more serious in fine soil than that in coarse soil. Propagules had more rapid establishments under high water level and prolonged inundation. Water level rise of 30cm and prolonged inundation stimulated early growth especially in stem height increments during the first two months. However, relative growth rates (RGRs) during the second two months did not significantly change with water level rise. The root/shoot biomass ratio in seedlings treated with high water level was significantly lower than that treated with low water level, especially in coarse soil. Biomass percentages of coarse roots significantly increased with water level rise. Water level rise led to decreases in chlorophyll a/b ratios in leaves. Contents of N and P in roots tended to increase with water level rise and prolonged inundation. To test the results from mesocosm experiment, field trials were set up in two intertidal zones, lower intertidal (LI) and upper intertidal (UI) zones, in seaward open flat of a natural mangrove forest at Sai Kung of Hong Kong. The annual mean seawater salinity at Sai Kung was about 15, similar to that in mesocosm experiment. LI was about 20m farther from the forest than UI and the latter was near the forest seaward fringe. The two zones had similar soil physio-chemical characteristics to those in treatments HC and LC of mesocosm experiment, with loamy-sandy (coarse) texture. Daily duration of tidal inundation of the LI zone was about 4h longer than that of the UI zone, and the elevation of the former was about 30cm lower than the latter. For the field trials, K. candel seedlings had similar high survival rates of over 90%. Survived seedlings from both propagule plantation and seedling transplantation also showed higher stem increments during the first four months in lower intertidal zones with higher water level and prolonged inundation than those in upper zones.国家自然科学基金资助项目 ( 4 0 2 760 3 6) ;; 福建省自然科学基金资助项目 ( D0 410 0 0 6) ;; 香港环境保护基金资助项目 ( 92 10 0 0 7)~

Comparisons of tolerances to salt stress among three salt-secreting mangrove species

在盐度 0、5、15、2 5和 35 (% )下种植泌盐红树植物老鼠 (Acanthus ilicifolius)、桐花树 (Aegiceras corniculatum)和白骨壤(Avicennia marina)的繁殖体 ,以繁殖体萌发、幼苗生长、叶片泌盐量、叶片组织液盐含量和蒸腾蒸发量为指标 ,比较其对盐胁迫的耐受性。盐度提高对胎生种类桐花树和白骨壤的萌根速率无显著影响 ,但高盐度明显抑制非胎生种类老鼠的萌根。白骨壤的萌苗率不受盐度影响 ,但 2 5以上的盐度导致桐花树和老鼠的萌苗率下降。在盐度范围 5～ 35内 ,白骨壤幼苗的茎高生长随盐度的增加而减少 ,但减少量比桐花树小 ,而老鼠的减少量最大。老鼠因盐度提高而导致的叶片长度的减少量最大。在盐度提高的情况下 3种植物均具有泌盐量增加的效应 ,在任一盐度下泌盐能力的顺序均为白骨壤 >桐花树 >老鼠。淡水培养时 ,3种红树植物的叶片组织液盐含量 (约 2 % )均高于环境盐度 0。在盐度范围 5～ 35内 ,白骨壤的叶片组织液盐含量维持在较稳定的水平 (4 .3%～ 5 .0 % ) ,桐花树的变化范围为 2 .4 %～ 4 .5 % ,老鼠 2 .3%～ 5 .3%。淡水培养时 ,3种植物的蒸腾蒸发量类似 ,但盐性条件下白骨壤的蒸腾蒸发量显著高于桐花树和老鼠。随着盐度的增加 ,老鼠的蒸腾蒸发量下降最多。这些结果均表?Propagules of three salt-secreting mangrove species, Acanthus ilicifolius, Aegiceras corniculatum, and Avicennia marina, were germinated at salinities 0, 5, 15, 25 and 35. Their tolerance to salt stress was evaluated in terms of propagule germination, seedling growth, salt secretion from leaves and salt content in leaf tissue water, evaporation and transpiration. Root initiations of the two viviparous species, Aegiceras and Avicennia, were not significantly influenced by increased salinities but root initiations of the non-viviparous species (Acanthus) were significantly delayed at high salinities. Salinity also affected seedling establishment, the unfurling of the first pair of leaves, and the effects were species specific. The seedling establishment percentages in Avicennia were not significantly affected by salinities up to 35 while salinities over 25 significantly reduced the establishment of Aegiceras and Acanthus. Although increasing salinity seemed not to affect propagule germination and seedling establishment of Avicennia, its stem height decreased as salinities increased from 5 to 35. Nevertheless, the range of stem height decreases in Avicennia was less than that in Aegiceras, and Acanthus showed the largest reduction in height as salinities increased from 0 to 35. Acanthus also had the largest reduction in maximum leaf length due to high salinity. All of the three species secreted more salts as salinities increased but their salt secretion capacity differed, followed the descending order of Avicennia>Aegiceras>Acanthus at any given salinity. When seedlings were cultured in tap water, all three mangrove species had the salt concentrations in the leaf tissue water (about 2%) higher than the environmental salinity 0. Under saline conditions (salinities 5～35), salt concentrations in leaf tissue water of Avicennia were maintained at a steady level, around 4.3% to 5.0% with little changes. On the contrary, salt concentrations increased from 2.4% to 4.5% in Aegiceras and the corresponding increases in Acanthus were from 2.3% to 5.3%. The evaporation and transpiration rates of these three species were similar under the tap water condition (salinity 0); however, Avicennia had significantly higher rates than Acanthus and Aegiceras under saline conditions (salinities 5～35). The decline in evapo-transpiration rates was most significant in Acanthus. These parameters all indicated that salt tolerance among the three salt-secreting mangrove species was in the descending order of Avicennia>Aegiceras>Acanthus.国家自然科学基金资助项目 ( 4 0 2 760 3 6;40 4760 40 ) ;; 福建省自然科学基金资助项目 ( D0 410 0 0 6) ;; 香港环境保护基金资助项目( 92 10 0 0 7)~