The Design and Applications of User Authentication Based on Smart Cards

隨著網際網路的普及化，使用者在遠端即可存取系統資料或是使用系統所提供之資源，為了防止非法入侵電腦系統以及保護系統的安全，所以身份驗證是一件很重要的工作。近來，隨著目前科技進步，IC 智慧卡已是一個攜帶方便且具備安全性及計算能力的儲存載具， 其應用範圍相當廣泛，因此,透過IC智慧卡作為身分辨識的通行驗證的協定技術，以確保個人存取資料之安全,也是現今許多學者愈來愈重要之考量。然而目前大部份已被提出之智慧卡作為身分辨識之安全通行協定，系統與使用者端都須事先建立公開金鑰系統 這可能對智慧卡造成計算量與記憶體之負擔。於2013，Guo 和Chang學者基於混沌對應( chaotic maps)之原理，且不須使用公開金鑰系統，提出一個適用於智慧卡且具使用者匿名(user anonymity) 性質的身分辨識，防止被追蹤與保護使用者的資訊安全。但是，我們發現他們所提之方法並不具有匿名(user anonymity) 性質，且無法提供使用者自行可任意更改其密碼，需透過遠端系統之運算才行。因此，本研究提出了一個身分辨識驗證的改進方式，適用於智慧卡且具匿名(user anonymity) 性質，即使當智慧卡內之儲存內容遭讀取時，我們之協定仍然能確保使用者與遠端系統的安全性，且所提之研究方法更適於智慧卡與行動裝置之使用者。 另一方面，由於科技之進步，讓社會大眾得以透過網路於各個不同之伺服器端來存取資源，使得遠端使用者身份辨識於多重伺服器存取資源的安全越來越重要。然而，目前被提出的單一註冊之遠端身份辨識於多重伺服器存取的安全協定，大部份易遭受非法攻擊，例如:內部攻擊，密碼猜測攻擊，與偽造攻擊等。因此，本研究基於混沌對應( chaotic maps)亦提出一個新的認證協定於多重伺服器存取安全之研究，以利不同環境之使用，所提之方法除了能提高驗證階段的效率且能符合各種不同之安全性質，以確保使用者與遠端系統之安全。User authentication is an important technology to guarantee that only the legal users can access resources from the remote server. Recently, the smart card based password authentication scheme became more and more important and functional. There are many mutual authentication protocols with user anonymity proposed in literature for preventing unauthorized parties from accessing resources through insecure environment. However, most of them are based on smart cards have to establish public key cryptosystems in advance. To solve the problem, in 2013, based on chaotic maps, Guo and Chang proposed an efficient mutual authentication protocol with user anonymity for the smart card. Unfortunately, this study will demonstrate their scheme could not achieve the user anonymity property, and do not allow changing password freely for the user. Then, we proposed a new method to remedy the weaknesses. The proposed method is secure even if the secret information stored in the smart card is compromised. Only one-way hash function and simple polynomial computations are involved in our protocol. It is more suitable for practice implementation. In addition, ubiquitous computing has become very popular where multiple servers are involved in authenticating their users. Single registration and user authentication are important issues for multi-server environments. However, most of them are still vulnerable to various security problems. In this study, based on the Chebyshev chaotic maps, we will propose a new user authentication protocol for multi-server networks. Our protocol not only could withstand various attacks but also provide much better performance when compared to other related protocols

Study on the Behavioral Intention and Selection Factors for Buying Foreign Group Tourism Products - A Case of Elementary School Teachers in Tainan

[[abstract]]本研究係以計畫行為理論及消費者購買決策理論為基礎，輔以瞭解國小教師之行為意向與國外團體旅遊選擇因素，並藉資料收集及調查研究的方式，進行台南市國小教師國外團體旅遊行為之關聯性研究。本研究以立意抽樣方式發放410份正式調查問卷，回收問卷395份，有效問卷367份，有效回收率89.51%。資料分析採用專家效度分析、信度分析、敘述性統計分析、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析及皮爾森相關分析法。 研究結論如下：(1)台南市國小教師在行為意向及選擇因素各項平均數皆呈現高度表現，顯示跟團出國意向高且教師同質性高，對國外團體旅遊商品要求高、期待高；(2)台南市國小教師不同的個人背景變項在購買國外團體旅遊商品之行為意向具有顯著差異；(3)台南市國小教師不同的個人背景變項在國外團體旅遊商品之選擇因素不具顯著差異；(4)購買國外團體旅遊商品之行為意向與選擇因素具有顯著相關。 最後，將研究結果提出具體建議，俾供學校教師及教育行政機構規劃課程與教學活動及國外團體旅遊相關業者制定國外團體旅遊市場相關商品的建議與參考。 Based on the theory of planned behaviors and consumer’s purchasing decision, and the purpose of the study was to understand Tainan elementary school teachers’ selective factors and behavioral intention of foreign group tourism. The delivered questionnaires of this research are 410 copies and 395 copies are collected; however there are only 367 valid ones, and the effective recovery rate is 89.51%. The data were analyzed by expert validity test and reliability, descriptive statistics, independent Sample t-test, one way ANOVA and Pearson’s analysis of correlation to verify the above research objectives. The results of the study revealed: (1)The results show that the behavioral intentions and selective factors of elementary school teachers’ high intensity are both expressed high amounts, and have high expectation to products of foreign group tourism; (2)There are significant difference across the different personal background variables of Tainan elementary school teachers in the purchase of foreign group tourism products; (3)In different personal background variables of Tainan elementary school teachers, there are no significant differences among the selective factors; (4)The intension to purchase goods from foreign group tourism has significant correlations with the selective factors. Finally, based on the above findings, the researchers discussed and provided the suggestions for school teachers, educational administrations for planning curriculum and tourism agencies for developing recommendations and references for foreign group tourism products

A Study of Job Crafting at Preschools

以前如果你討厭你的工作，可能只有辭職或忍耐這兩種選擇，但是最近學者開始鼓吹第三條路：從事「工作塑造」，想辦法給你討厭的工作一個新樣子，讓你覺得工作其實也可以是一件很有意思的事情。 本研究的目的在於：(一)歸納幼兒園園長與教師工作塑造之樣貌；(二)探討幼兒園園長與教師工作塑造之歷程；(三)比較幼兒園園長與教師工作塑造之異同。本研究主要採取質性研究方法，從臺北市、新北市91~95年幼兒園教育評鑑績優名單中，立意取樣選取公、私立各25位園長和教師進行個別訪談，所有訪談錄音在轉換成逐字稿後，再以MAXQDA質性分析軟體進行資料的編碼分類。 本研究獲致之結論歸納如下： 一、幼教工作者的工作內涵多元，因此，其所從事的工作塑造樣貌非常豐富。 二、幼教工作者的工作塑造歷程，可分為：動機、學習歷程、工作疆界改變、挑戰、及調適行動五大部分。 三、幼兒園園長與教師所從事的工作塑造有許多異同處。 (一)相同處：由於園長與教師的背景與工作環境相似，在從事工作塑造的動機、學習歷程、改變的工作疆界、遭遇的挑戰、及採取的調適行動，皆有大範圍的重疊。 (二)相異處： 1.園長─工作疆界改變主要聚焦在全園園務上，然受限僵固的園所文化、害怕干擾他人，而減少從事工作塑造的頻率，故採取調適行動幫助自己創造更多的工作塑造機會。 2.教師─工作疆界改變主要聚焦在班級課程與教學上，然受限缺乏權力，而減少從事工作塑造的頻率，故採取調適行動幫助自己尋找更多支援以獲得工作塑造機會。Once upon a time, if you hated your job, maybe you only can choose to quit or to endure it. Recently, a group of researchers is trumpeting a third option：Doing “Job Crafting“ to make a new shape for your disagreeable job. Then, you will think that work is very interesting. This research aims to：(a) sum up the forms of Job Crafting at preschools；(b) probe into the course of Job Crafting at preschools；(c) compare the similarities and differences between principal and teacher at preschools. This study adopts qualitative research way in the main. We are in the light of “The list of outstanding performance educational evaluation in Taipei City and New Taipei City at 91 - 95” and using the purposeful sampling method to select each 25 of principal and teacher in public and private preschools to have an individual interview. And all the sound recordings are converting to verbatim recordings. Than we put data into the MAXQDA for coding and classification. Results show as follows: I. Due to principal and teacher at preschools has multiple contents of work, the forms of Job Crafting they engaged are rich. II. Principal and teacher at preschools have the same course of Job Crafting, including:motivation, learning, change of working boundary, challenge, and adaptive move. III. There are a lot of similarities and differences between principal and teacher at preschools, when they are engaged in the Job Crafting. A. The similarities：Due to principal and teacher at preschools has the same background and working environment, they have a lot of similarities on motivation, learning method, change of working boundaries, challenge, and adaptive move for Job Crafting. B. The differences： 1. Principals ─ The change of working boundaries is focused on affairs about program. They limited by the rigid culture of program and not encroaching on others. They take adaptive moves to create more opportunities of Job Crafting. 2. Teachers ─ The change of working boundaries is focused on affairs about curriculum and teaching. They limited by lacking formal power. They take adaptive moves to find support to get more opportunities of Job Crafting

日月潭創新導覽摺頁

[[abstract]]本次將傳統導覽手冊的內容加以改善，把QR code 加入導覽手冊中避免有厚厚一本的導覽手冊但實際上用到的只有地圖，不如把文字轉換成影片讓想了解的旅客，用自己的手機掃描一下便可簡單的獲取資訊。 透過文獻回顧我們將日月潭主要的六條步道挑選出來六條步道按照順序分別是，涵碧步道、水社親水步道、年梯步道、大竹湖步道、水蛙頭步道以及慈恩塔步道。將這六條步道的文化故事透過實際拍攝影片，來做說明。 再來將我們實際到日月潭拍攝的影片，放在youtube平台上，把網址轉成QR code 並貼在導覽手冊上，背後即是日月潭地圖，方便旅客尋找自己想要的資訊

線上英語閱讀社群參與動機之初探

[[abstract]]隨著網際網路的蓬勃發展與資訊科技的不斷進步，現今的學習者有愈來愈多透過線上學習社群與他人互動學習的機會，線上學習也逐漸成為延伸傳統教育下輔助學習方式的一種。本研究主要提供線上英語閱讀社群的環境，讓學生有一個自主性學習的空間。同時，為了推廣優良的英文讀本，社群每年定期舉辦線上英語閱讀挑戰競賽。故本研究的目的主要以線上英語閱讀社群的運作架構之下，藉由舉辦全國性的線上英語閱讀競賽來探討學習者的參賽動機為何。經由15位受訪者的訪談資料分析，本研究歸納出學習者的英語閱讀參賽動機內容，分別包括參與競賽的內在動機、外在動機、人際動機。最後，將研究結果分別從學生面、教師面、主辦單位給予不同的建議，做為未來舉辦類似競賽活動之參考

新環境典範態度與負責任環境行為關係之探討:以嘉義樹木園的遊客為例

】In recent years, human’s attitude towards natural environment gradually change from “dominant social paradigm”which assert natural resource can be controlled by human to“new environmental paradigm”which emphasis on sustainable development of natural reso近些年來人類對自然環境態度的思維，漸由強調人類對自然資源控制的「主流社會典範」轉為強調自然資源永續發展的「新環境典範」；而在地球環境破壞日益嚴重之際，也強調培養人類「負責任的環境行為」；此兩者間是否存在著正向的關係？本研究以嘉義樹木園之遊客為問卷調查對象，其結果顯示800位受訪者環境態度全部問項之總平均值為4.01，在「同意」與「非常同意之間」；環境行為全部問項之總平均值為3.49，介於「大部份做到」與「偶爾做到」之間，顯示民眾普遍具有新環境典範的環境態度認知及負責任的環境行為。而環境態度認知越高，其環

日月潭創新導覽摺頁

[[abstract]]本次將傳統導覽手冊的內容加以改善，把QR code 加入導覽手冊中避免有厚厚一本的導覽手冊但實際上用到的只有地圖，不如把文字轉換成影片讓想了解的旅客，用自己的手機掃描一下便可簡單的獲取資訊。 透過文獻回顧我們將日月潭主要的六條步道挑選出來六條步道按照順序分別是，涵碧步道、水社親水步道、年梯步道、大竹湖步道、水蛙頭步道以及慈恩塔步道。將這六條步道的文化故事透過實際拍攝影片，來做說明。 再來將我們實際到日月潭拍攝的影片，放在youtube平台上，把網址轉成QR code 並貼在導覽手冊上，背後即是日月潭地圖，方便旅客尋找自己想要的資訊

回鮭 Salmon Run

[[abstract]]小亮跟著同伴開始了牠的洄游旅程，當牠游出水面時，被船丟下的桶子嚇到拼命地往前游，途中幫助了受困的鮭魚小瑜掙脫，之後牠們一起經歷了許多，最後終於到達小瀑布，然而小瀑布上卻潛藏著更多的危機...

回鮭 Salmon Run

[[abstract]]小亮跟著同伴開始了牠的洄游旅程，當牠游出水面時，被船丟下的桶子嚇到拼命地往前游，途中幫助了受困的鮭魚小瑜掙脫，之後牠們一起經歷了許多，最後終於到達小瀑布，然而小瀑布上卻潛藏著更多的危機...