Molecular Design of Multi-elements Synergistic Flame Retardants and Investigation of Flame-retarded Modification on Epoxy Resins

无卤、低毒、绿色环保阻燃剂的研发是当今阻燃剂发展的主要趋势，其中阻燃效率高的多元素协同阻燃剂引起了广泛的关注。因此，对含磷、氮和硅三种阻燃元素的研究成为了阻燃材料领域的研究热点之一。本文分别以含硅的POSS和含磷的DOPO为阻燃基元，通过对分子结构的设计制备了不同P、Si比例的且同时含有磷、氮和硅三种阻燃元素的阻燃剂：POSS-bisDOPO（P:Si=1:4），ODMAS（P:Si=2:1），PmDOH（P:Si=1:8）和PoDOH（P:Si=1:1）。研究了阻燃剂对环氧树脂透明性、热性能、阻燃性能以及力学性能的影响，并初步探讨了它们的阻燃机理。本论文的主要研究内容如下： 第一部分，以D...Flame retardants with characters of non-halogen, lower poison and green sustainable have been the main trend in the development of the flame retardant field. Multi-element synergistic flame retardants have aroused broad attention because of their high flame retardant efficiency. Among the investigations of multi-element synergistic flame-retardants, considerable attentions have been focused on the...学位：理学博士院系专业：材料学院_高分子化学与物理学号：2072013015363

The study on usufruct of allotted land

内容摘要划拨土地使用权制度形成于计划经济年代。改革开放后，在建立土地有偿使用制度的同时，也继续沿用了划拨土地使用权制度。然而，这种简单的沿用，导致我国土地市场混乱，不利于经济的发展。本文认为划拨土地使用权制度存在的弊端在于：划拨土地使用权与传统国家土地所有权相互矛盾冲突，划拨土地使用权无偿性的立法界定引发现实冲突和矛盾，划拨土地使用权定位和制度执行的混乱导致隐性市场的出现，直接阻碍了统一有序的土地市场的建立。笔者分析了弊端产生的原因，并针对此提出了解决问题的宏观思路：依据土地用途将划拨土地使用权区分为公益性划拨土地使用权和非公益性划拨土地使用权，今后划拨土地使用权的取得将严格限定在社会公益目的...ABSTRACT The system of usufruct of allotted land was formed in planned economic times. After the era of reform, while establishing the system of compensated use of land, the system of usufruct of allotted land is still in use. However, this simple use leads to the confusion of land market in China, and is not conductive to economic development. The defects on the system of usufruct of allotted l...学位：法学硕士院系专业：法学院法律系_民商法学(含劳动法学、社会保障法学)学号：X200512000

On Personal Illegally Collecting Evidence in Criminal Procedure

随着我国刑事诉讼当事人主义的不断加强，诉讼对抗越发明显，越来越多的私人取证进入到刑事诉讼活动中来。不过，当前我们似乎更多的是看到大家对于作为拥有取证职权的公安司法机关的取证行为的研究和讨论，比如对“非法证据排除规则”的立法及实践操作。而对于私人非法取证行为一直以来都没有给予足够的关注和重视，尤其是我国立法规范一直未对该问题进行涉及，但司法实践中出现私人非法证据时，侦查机关又不会轻易放弃，以至于出现有中国特设的瑕疵证据处理方式——“证据转化规则”，这显然不符合国际法律发展的要求，同时也与我国依法治国的法治理念背道而驰。围绕我国刑事诉讼中出现的私人不法取证所产生的各种问题，本文以刑事诉讼中私人不法...With the development of adversary system in China, more and more personal illegal evidences swarm into criminal procedure. However, it seems that we focus more on the issue of governmental illegal evidences, such as the legislative and practical operation of the “Exclusion Rule of Illegal Evidence” in China. By contrast, the problem of personal illegal evidence has not been given enough attention ...学位：法律硕士院系专业：法学院法律系_法律硕士(JM)学号：1302009115032

高等学校课程综合化的三种模式

2 0世纪 90年代以后 ,高等学校课程的综合化改革成为世界高等教育改革的一个主要内容。目前高等学校课程综合化改革 ,主要有三种模式 :通识教育模式、跨学科研究项目模式和学科重组模式。目前 ,“专业”仍然是学科发展的基点 ,高等学校的课程综合化改革应当在承认专业的基本前提下进行。课程综合化可以有多种形式 ,但每种形式所达到的目标是不同的 ;高等学校应当根据不同的目标要求 ,选择合适的课程综合化模式

Three-Dimensional Linear Instability Analysis of Thermocapillary Return Flow on a Porous Plane

A three-dimensional linear instability analysis of thermocapillary convection in a fluid-porous double layer system, imposed by a horizontal temperature gradient, is performed. The basic motion of fluid is the surface-tension-driven return flow, and the movement of fluid in the porous layer is governed by Darcy's law. The slippery effect of velocity at the fluid-porous interface has been taken into account, and the influence of this velocity slippage on the instability characteristic of the system is emphasized. The new behavior of the thermocapillary convection instability has been found and discussed through the figures of the spectrum

Three-Dimensional Linear Instability Analysis of Thermocapillary Return Flow on a Porous Plane

A three-dimensional linear instability analysis of thermocapillary convection in a fluid-porous double layer system, imposed by a horizontal temperature gradient, is performed. The basic motion of fluid is the surface-tension-driven return flow, and the movement of fluid in the porous layer is governed by Darcy's law. The slippery effect of velocity at the fluid-porous interface has been taken into account, and the influence of this velocity slippage on the instability characteristic of the system is emphasized. The new behavior of the thermocapillary convection instability has been found and discussed through the figures of the spectrum

高变异Y染色体短串联重复片段检验体系的建立及对北方汉族群体调查

目的建立一套五色荧光复合扩增体系，并调查中国北方汉族遗传多态性和父子家系突变情况。方法根据文献筛查出在中国某一群体中突变率为高变异和快速变异的Y-STR基因座，建立一套五色荧光Y-STR复合扩增体系，计算在500个北方汉族无关男性个体中的基因多样性，观察每个样本的Y-STR单倍型，并对中国北方汉族500个父子对进行检测，统计父子间的突变情况。结果成功构建了包含21个Y-STR基因座复合扩增检验体系，在北方汉族群体中基因多态性在0.402 3～0.990 4之间，500个无关个体中未发现有相同的单倍型。在500个父子对中观察到21个Y-STR基因座共发生134次突变，其中突变率最高的基因座是DYF399S1，为7.40×10-2；在DYS612、DYS547、DYS627、DYS526b、DYS576、DYS630、DYS449、DYF404S1、DYS390、DYS570和DYS518基因座上突变率≥1.00×10-2。此外，DYS626、DYS458和DYS439基因座突变率≥4.00×10-3。有97个父子家系出现1个基因座突变，16个家系同时出现2个基因座突变，仅有1个家系同时出现3个基因座突变，家系突变的概率为0.268。其中127次为一步突变，7次为两步突变，符合逐步突变模式。结论高变异Y-STR基因座能够有效区分具有父系亲缘关系的男性个体，可作为联合DNA索引系统（combined DNA index system，CODIS）常染色体和常规低突变Y-STR系统基因座的补充

玻碳电极表面复合配位银电结晶机理研究

以具有实际应用价值的复合配位体系无氰镀银电解液为研究对象,运用循环伏安和电位阶跃等实验方法,结合Scharifker-Hill经典理论模型分析,成功获得了Ag在玻碳电极(GCE)表面电沉积的成核机理及成核动力学参数,并分析了温度对成核方式及成核动力学参数的影响.结果表明,该体系下Ag在GCE表面的电沉积是由扩散控制的不可逆过程,遵循三维瞬时成核生长机理.随着阶跃电位从-750 m V负移至-825 m V,峰值还原电流Im逐渐增大,达到峰值还原电流所需时间tm逐渐缩短,扩散系数D变化不大,基本稳定在(7.61±0.34)×10-5cm2·s-1,成核密度数N0则从3.26×105cm-2提高至10.2×105cm-2.银沉积初期的形貌观察,验证了其三维瞬时成核生长机理.提高温度可以显著改善电解液中具备活性的银配位离子的扩散能力,缩短成核时间,提升成核密度数N0.国家自然科学基金项目(No.21621091)资

Comparison on karyotype of Minxiangli(Channa maculata♀×C. argus♂) and its parents

以闽香鳢及其亲本乌鳢和斑鳢为材料,取头肾做3种鱼的染色体组型图,发现闽香鳢染色体数为45,是亲本配子染色体数之和;通过染色体组型分析发现闽香鳢的染色体组型公式为2n=3m+6sm+36st,t,臂数NF=54,个别染色体可分辩出其来源。研究表明,闽香鳢遗传了其父本、母本各一套的染色体(n),是斑鳢与乌鳢的杂交种;染色体数和闽香鳢1号特异染色体可做为闽香鳢的鉴定指标。随机取样发现子一代闽香鳢存在性腺发育Ⅲ期以上的雌性个体,而未发现有性腺成熟的雄性个体,可能存在雄性不育。According to karyotype diagram of the first filial generation (Channa meculorta♀×C. argus♂) and their parents, the number of chromosomes in the first filial generation (called Minxiangli) is 45, which is equal to the sum of those in their parents gametid. Karyotype analysis turns out that the formula for karyotype of Minxiangli is 2n=3m+6sm+36st,t, NF=54, and that several chromosomes could be distinguished their origin. Therefore, it concludes that Minxiangli respectively inherits a suit of chromosomes from their parents, which is the hybrid of C. argus and C. meculorta, and that the number of chromosomes and the No.1 special chromosome of Minxiangli could become identification indexes of Minxiangli. In addition, it is found by random sample that there are female individuals in the first filial generation whose sex gland growth is beyond the third period, but no male individuals whose sex gland is mature. It may be deduced that the male individuals are sterile in the first filial generation.福建省科技厅(2002-50

Pd Nanoparticles Encapsulated in Hollow Mesoporous Aluminosilica Nanospheres as an Efficient Catalyst for Multistep Reactions and Size-Selective Hydrogenation

最近,具有中空核壳结构的纳米材料在催化领域中有着深入的研究和广泛的应用.在本文中,我们使用一种简单易行的方法合成了一种包裹钯纳米颗粒的中空介孔硅铝酸盐纳米球(简写为Pd@HMAn).首先,通过一种先原位合成钯纳米粒子再对其进行二氧化硅包裹的方法,在brIJ56-环己烷-水的反相胶束中合成了具有核壳结构的包裹钯纳米颗粒的二氧化硅纳米球(简写为Pd@SIO2).然后,使用CTAb,nA2CO3和nAAlO2试剂,通过简单的碱性条件下刻蚀Pd@SIO2的过程,我们成功得到了具有多孔性能的中空核壳型Pd@HMAn纳米催化剂.由于硅铝酸盐外壳具有酸催化作用,并且内核钯纳米颗粒又是一种高活性的催化媒介,因此,这种复合的多功能纳米催化剂能够很好的应用于多步催化反应中.此外,通过一个简单的热处理的方法,能够缩小硅铝酸盐外壳上的孔道,我们发现这种孔道调节后的Pd@HMAn纳米催化剂在尺寸选择性氢化反应中有很好的应用前景.In this work,yolk-shell structured Pd@hollow mesoporous aluminosilica nanospheres(designated as Pd@HMAN) have been successfully fabricated by a straightforward synthetic route.Core-shell Pd@SiO2 nanospheres were firstly obtained by silica coating of in-situ synthesized Pd nanoparticles in a Brij56-cyclohexane-water reverse micelle system.Simply by alkaline etching of as-prepared Pd@SiO2 core-shell nanospheres in the presence of CTAB,Na2CO3 and NaAlO2,Pd@HMAN particles with high porosity were obtained.As the mesoporous aluminosilica shells can serve as acid catalysts,and the Pd yolks can be applied to catalytic hydrogenation,the as-prepared Pd@HMAN can be used as a stable multifunctional catalyst for multistep reactions.Moreover,due to their adjustable pore parameters,Pd@HMAN after simple thermal treatment can be further applied in the size-selective hydrogenation.ProjectsupportedbytheMinistryofScienceandTechnologyofChina(No.2011CB932403); theNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina(Nos.21131005;21021061;20925103;20923004); theFokYingTungEducationFoundation(No.121011)~