Studies on Environmental Geochemistry of Heavy Metals in Mangrove Wetland Sediments of Fujian Province

福建省九龙江、漳江口红树林湿地是我国两处重要的红树林自然保护区。近年来随着地区经济的快速发展，排入海湾河口的重金属污染物迅速增多，大量的污染物汇集于河口海湾区，使得红树林湿地面临着越来越严重的重金属污染物的冲击。本研究以这两处红树林湿地为典型地区，选择七种主要的重金属元素（Fe、Mn、Zn、Pb、Cu、Ni、Cd）为研究对象，采用连续提取法(SEPs:Sequentialextractionprocedures),分析几种重金属元素在红树林湿地沉积物中含量、赋存形态的空间分布规律，及其与沉积物理化性状的关系，探讨重金属污染物在红树林湿地累积、迁移的规律；结合根际模拟试验，探寻红树植物根系行为对...Jiulongjiang estuary mangrove wetland and Zhangjiang estuary mangrove wetland of Fujian province are two of important natural reserves of mangrove in China. In recent years, rapid economic growth and development in the region has led to excessiverelease of heavy metal pollutants into the wetland. The accumulation of contaminants in wetland sediments is likely to pose serious environmental problem...学位：理学博士院系专业：生命科学学院生物学系_生态学学号：B20022601

福建漳江口红树林湿地沉积物中四种重金属的空间分布特征

对漳江口红树林湿地沉积物中4 种重金属(Pb、Cd、Ni、Fe)含量空间分布的研究表明，漳江口红树 林湿地沉积物中Pb、Fe 含量较高，Cd、Ni 含量相对较低；林内沉积物的Pb、Cd 含量显著高于林外沉积物； 在垂岸方向上，表层沉积物中除Ni 外其它三种元素含量均表现出从林外到林内增加的趋势；在垂直梯度上， 四种元素含量均随着沉积物深度增加而逐渐降低

A review on the studies of acid-volatile sulfide in aquatic sediments

水体沉积物中酸可挥发性硫化物 (AVS)是总硫含量中活性最高的部分 ,是沉积物中有毒重金属的重要结合形态 ,它的含量在很大程度上影响着沉积物重金属的生物有效性 ,从而作为沉积物中有毒重金属环境污染评价的一个重要指标 ;就十多年来水体沉积物中酸可挥发性硫化物 (AVS)的研究进行了综述。概述了 AVS的测定方法及其影响因素 ;探讨了水体沉积物中 AVS含量时空变化的规律 ;同时就目前“同时可提取重金属”(SEM)与 AVS摩尔浓度比值和水体沉积物重金属生物毒性关系的研究进行了概括和分析。In this article, the latest development on the study of acid-volatile sulfide in aquatic sediment is reviewed. Acid-volatile sulfide (AVS) is operationally defined as sulfide in sediment which is soluble in cold acid, and was reported as the most active part of the total sulfur in aquatic sediments and a key partitioning phase controlling the activities of divalent cationic heavy metals in sediment. It has been reported that the measurement procedures of AVS concentration are very important for AVS study, the weight of sample taken for analysis, nitrogen flow rate, acid strength and digestion time could all affected the accuracy of AVS concentration analysis. Some other more convenient measure methods have been proposed, however, owing to different study conditions, there is no standard procedure to determine the concentration of AVS in aquatic sediment. The concentration of AVS in aquatic sediment is related to E _h (the redox potential) of the sediment, and has spatial and seasonal variations in sediment, therefore, it is very important which stratum of sediment should be selected to measure the AVS concentration and to used to predict the heavy metal pollution of the sediment. AVS had been proposed as the primary normalization phase for the development of sediment quality criteria for certain cationic metals because it could complex some cationic metals and thereby influences the toxicity of these metals to benthic organisms and has the potential to be an indicator of toxicity in both marine and freshwater sediments. Some studies indicated that the ratio of molar concentration between simultaneously extracted metals(SEM) and AVS can provide important insight into the potential bio-availability of toxic divalent heavy metal. Sediments with [SEM]/[AVS] ratios1.0 were thought to be toxic to benthic organisms. However, some other studies reported that the ratios>1.0 were not enough to indicate the sediment with heavy metals pollution, the other partitioning phases could also play an important role in reducing heavy metal toxicity. Furthermore, different benthic organisms may have different reactions under the same [SEM]/[AVS] ratio. The difference between the molar concentrations of SEM and AVS ([SEM]-[AVS]) should be used instead of [SEM]/[AVS] ratio as a measure of metals availability for it can provide important insight into the extent of additional available binding capacity, the magnitude by which AVS binding has been exceeded. More studies are therefore needed to understand the relations between the ratio of [SEM]/[AVS], heavy metal concentration in interstitial water, heavy metals distribution among different partitioning phases as well as different heavy metal interactions.国家自然科学基金资助项目 (3 0 170 190 )~

水体沉积物中酸可挥发性硫化物(AVS) 研究进展

水体沉积物中酸可挥发性硫化物(AV S) 是总硫含量中活性最高的部分, 是沉积物中有毒重金属的重要结合形态, 它的含 量在很大程度上影响着沉积物重金属的生物有效性, 从而作为沉积物中有毒重金属环境污染评价的一个重要指标; 就十多年来 水体沉积物中酸可挥发性硫化物(AV S) 的研究进行了综述。概述了AV S 的测定方法及其影响因素; 探讨了水体沉积物中AV S 含量时空变化的规律; 同时就目前“同时可提取重金属”(SEM ) 与AV S 摩尔浓度比值和水体沉积物重金属生物毒性关系的研 究进行了概括和分析

Crop Morphogenesis and Solutions Under Heavy Metal Pollution

在重金属污染愈发严重的背景下,探索出保障污染地区的农业生产水平可持续发展的技术,是保障粮食生产安全亟需解决的重要问题.通过综述农作物对重金属胁迫的形态建成响应机制与实践中的农艺管理技术手段,总结在重金属污染区域提高粮食产量的主要方法.重金属影响下的作物形态建成具有深刻的遗传基础和复杂的生理机制,这就决定了作物对重金属的响应受到作物类型与重金属种类的影响.通过对作物形态建成的更深入研究,建立一套从品种选择到田间管理的应对措施,可以为农业安全生产提供持久有效的保障.In consideration of the fact that agriculture is under increasing risk of heavy metal pollution,it is urgently needed to deve-lop a technology to ensure sustainable food production.Here we review the mechanism of morphogenesis change as a response of crops to heavy metal pollution,the methodology in heavy metal pollution risk assessment and promising agriculture technologies to alleviate the heavy metal stress.The genetic basis and physiological mechanism of crop under heavy metal pollution are complex,and the response depends on plant phylogeny and metal species.With the developing knowledge on morphogenesis response and effective guidance from varieties of choices to field management,the food production in zones polluted with heavy metals will be protected.国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)(2013CB956504

Silicon effects on phenols metabolism of Avicennia marina under cadmium stress

采用水培方式研究硅对重金属镉胁迫下白骨壤幼苗酚类代谢影响,探讨硅对白骨壤耐受重金属胁迫的影响,结果表明,低浓度镉胁迫(Cd 0.5 Mg·l-1)下,随着外源硅的增加,叶片和根系丙二醛含量降低,但SI 50 Mg·l-1处理中各器官总酚含量最高,硅对各器官单宁含量影响不显著;高浓度镉(Cd 5 Mg·l-1)导致白骨壤叶片和根系膜脂过氧化,使得丙二醛含量显著高于对照,外源硅的添加显著降低了白骨壤叶片和根系丙二醛积累,SI 100Mg·l-1显著增加了各器官中总酚含量和单宁含量,根系丙二醛含量与根系总酚含量呈显著负相关,叶片丙二醛含量与叶片单宁含量呈显著负相关,表明硅显著刺激高镉胁迫下白骨壤植物组织中酚类物质代谢,增加根系和叶片的抗氧化性,进而增加白骨壤对镉的耐受性。The effects of silicon on the phenols metabolism in Avicennia marina seedlings were studied under the stress of cadmium by adopting the hydroponic method,and the effects of silicon on the resistance of A.marina seedling to cadmium were further explored.The results showed that under the stress of cadmium of low concentration( Cd 0.5 mg·L-1),the content of malondialdehyde in the leaves and roots decreased with the increase of the exogenous silicon level,and the total phenol content in each organ was the highest at Si 50 mg·L-1,while the effect of silicon on the tannin content in each organ was not significant.The high-concentration cadmium( Cd 5 mg·L-1) led to the membrane lipid peroxidation of the leaves and roots in A.marina,making the content of malondialdehyde significantly higher than that of the control; the addition of the exogenous silicon significantly reduced the accumulation of malondialdehyde in the leaves and roots of A.marina,and Si 100 mg·L-1significantly increased the contents of total phenol and tannin in each organ.Significant negative correlations between the malondialdehyde content and total phenol content in roots and between the malondialdehyde content and tannin content in leaves were found,indicating that silicon significantly stimulated phenolic metabolism in A.marina organs under the stress of high-concentration cadmium,increased the oxidation resistance of the root system and leaves,and thus increased the tolerance of A.marina to cadmium.国家自然科学基金项目(31370516;31170471); 闽南师范大学博士科研启动项目(2006L21432); 闽南师范大学园林植物生长发育与生态配置校级创新团队项目资

木麻黄质膜离子泵在酸雨条件下对镧的响应

研究镧对酸雨(pH 为4. 5) 胁迫下木麻黄幼苗早期生长和质膜离子泵ATP 酶活性的影响。结果表明: 较低浓度La3 + 浸种能使幼苗株高、 根长、鲜重以及质膜质子泵活性明显增强, 在200 mg·L - 1 La3 + 处理时达到最高增强值, 而高浓度的La3 + 浸种使之表现出抑制效应; 幼苗质 膜钙泵的活性受La3 + 抑制。质子泵活性与细胞的伸长生长呈显著正相关关系, 镧对质子泵的活化作用有助于促进植物的生长, 且适量的镧具有缓解酸雨胁迫下生长的植物细胞质酸化, 维持细胞内环境稳定的间接作用。为抗酸雨和促生长, 木麻黄经镧浸种8 h 的最适宜La3 + 浓度为50～200 mg·L - 1

重金属Cd对桐花树土壤酶活性的影响

采用土培模拟方法研究了不同浓度Cd (0～50 mg/kg)对桐花树(Aegiceras corniculatum )土壤酶活性的影响. 试验 结果表明:低浓度Cd (0. 5 mg/kg)胁迫,可刺激脲酶的活性;在高浓度Cd (20～50 mg/kg)处理条件下,脲酶、蛋白酶、蔗糖 酶、过氧化物酶活性均受到不同程度的抑制,最大抑制率均达到25%以上; Cd处理对过氧化氢酶活性无显著影响. 相关 分析表明, Cd处理浓度与土壤酶活性间均存在显著负相关关系,相关程度为:脲酶>蛋白酶>过氧化物酶>蔗糖酶>过 氧化氢酶;脲酶、蛋白酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化物酶4种酶的活性间呈显著正相关,表明这4种酶对Cd胁迫有相似的适应性. 脲酶对Cd的影响作用最为敏感,建议用脲酶作为Cd对桐花树湿地污染的指示酶

Effects of Lanthanum on Redox Systems in Plasma Membranes of Casuarina equisetifolia Seedlings Under Acid Rain Stress

The effects of La3 + on the growth and the ATPases activities of plasma membrane (PM) vesicles isolated from Casuarina equisetifolia seedlings under artificial acid rain (pH 4. 5) stress were studied. The results show that the height , length of roots , fresh weight and PM H+2ATPase activites of Casuarina equisetifolia seedlings increase by the treatments of soaking seeds in LaCl3 solutions with lower concentrations , and those can reach their peak values by treating with 200 mg ·L - 1 La3 + . However , in comparison with the CK, those are inhibited by the higher La3 + concentrations ; PM Ca2 +2AT2 Pase activity is inhibited with the treatments of La3 + . The results also reveal that the H+2ATPase activity and the growth of cell enlarge have a remarkable positive correlation , and La3 + activating H+2ATPase can facilitate plant growth. La3 + al2 so can alleviate cytosolic acidification of plant under acid rain stress and indirectly maintain the stability of intracellular environment . In order to resistant to acid rain and accelerate the growth of Casuarina equisetifolia , the suitable range of La3 + concentrations to soak seeds for 8 h is 50～200 mg·L - 1

Effects of La~(3+) on ATPase Activities of Plasma Membrane Vesicles Isolated from Casuarina Equisetifolia Seedlings under Acid Rain Stress

The effects of La3 + on the growth and the ATPases activities of plasma membrane (PM) vesicles isolated from Casuarina equisetifolia seedlings under artificial acid rain (pH 4. 5) stress were studied. The results show that the height , length of roots , fresh weight and PM H+2ATPase activites of Casuarina equisetifolia seedlings increase by the treatments of soaking seeds in LaCl3 solutions with lower concentrations , and those can reach their peak values by treating with 200 mg ·L - 1 La3 + . However , in comparison with the CK, those are inhibited by the higher La3 + concentrations ; PM Ca2 +2AT2 Pase activity is inhibited with the treatments of La3 + . The results also reveal that the H+2ATPase activity and the growth of cell enlarge have a remarkable positive correlation , and La3 + activating H+2ATPase can facilitate plant growth. La3 + al2 so can alleviate cytosolic acidification of plant under acid rain stress and indirectly maintain the stability of intracellular environment . In order to resistant to acid rain and accelerate the growth of Casuarina equisetifolia , the suitable range of La3 + concentrations to soak seeds for 8 h is 50～200 mg·L - 1