The Legal Issues and the Risk Prevention of the Import Documentary Bill

文章结合当前进口押汇的有关理论研究和实务操作中的具体做法,阐述并分析了进口押汇的不同观点,并结合相关法律对银行和开证申请人之间订立的信托收据做进一步论述,最后指出银行和立法机关为防范风险的发生所应该采取的积极措施。This paper analyzes the different viewpoints on the import documentary bill according to the current research and the practical modes of operation.Then,it focuses the discussion on the trust receipt concluded between the banks and the applicants through relating to the relevant laws.At last,the paper indicates that the bank and the legislature must take active measure to prevent the various ventures from happening

氯化甲基汞染毒对大鼠后代发育的影响

目的探讨甲基汞对雄性大鼠生殖功能的影响和通过父系传播对后代的影响。方法将20只Wistar雄性大鼠随机分为4组,分别给予0、0.058、0.580、1.170mg/kg体重的氯化甲基汞,以隔日经口灌胃的方式染毒,持续染毒2个月后,将其与健康雌性大鼠交配,观察仔鼠的生长发育与神经行为发育情况。结果1.170、0.580mg/kg组仔鼠体重低于对照组,其早期生长发育指标落后于对照组仔鼠;染毒组仔鼠转体时间延长、前肢悬挂时间缩短,与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组仔鼠平面翻正、断崖回避、空中翻正的正确率与对照组相比,也明显降低(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论雄鼠甲基汞染毒后,可以影响仔鼠的生长发育和神经行为发育

沉积物疏浚技术在富营养化湖泊修复中的应用

沉积物疏浚是削减富营养化湖泊内源负荷的最为直接和有效的手段。分析了沉积物疏浚的效果和可能引起的风险;从外源污染、作业区域和深度、沉水植物3个方面探讨了影响沉积物疏浚效果的关键因素。最后指出,富营养化湖泊沉积物疏浚的重要原则是截断外源污染、划分作业区域、合理控制挖掘深度、创造适宜生境、恢复沉水植物、重构生态系统等

Probability of Sediment Incipient Motion Under Complex Flows

Presented in this paper is a mathematical model to calculate the probability of the sediment incipient motion, in which the effects of the fluctuating pressure and the seepage are considered. The instantaneous bed shear velocity and the pressure gradient on the bed downstream of the backward-facing step flow are obtained according to the PIV measurements. It is found that the instantaneous pressure gradient on the bed obeys normal distribution. The probability of the sediment incipient motion on the bed downstream of the backward-facing step flow is given by the mathematical model. The predicted results agree well with the experiment in the region downstream of the reattachment point while a large discrepancy between the theory and experiment is seen in the region near the reattachment point. The possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed

A Culture Research on Modern Sports Origin in Britain

运用文献研读和过程社会学等方法,分别从近代体育在英国兴起的前提条件,外部环境,主观因素,内部动因,客观因素等为逻辑顺序依次展开论述,来探讨近代体育发轫于英国的各种影响要素。从而得出:跟欧洲大陆国家相比,英国宗教势力始终未占据主导地位;三大思想文化运动;已处于轰轰烈烈的重组之中的英国独特的三层式社会结构;“一切向上流社会看齐“移民社会所特有的贵族心理以及英国独特的地理位置和生活环境等,正是这些影响要素的不断优化和重组,从而装点了大英帝国日渐上升的国际地位,也强化了近代体育在大英帝国的兴起、发展和广泛传播。可以说本文为我们解读现代体育,尤其是西方体育和现代奥林匹克运动的起源和发展提供了宝贵的历史资料,同时也为揭示人类体育的本质意义提供了不可多得的历史素材。This paper analyzed various factors which made Britain be the origin of modern sports by the methods of literature review and sociology.The factors are external environment,subjective factor,internal motivation factor,and objective factor.The research indicated that,compared with European continent country,religion never got dominant position in Britain.Three ideological and cultural movements,unique reorganizing three tiers social structure,"all upward flow society emulates",aristocrat mentality in immigrant society,and British special geographical location and living condition are the main factors which shaped Britain's international position and enhanced origin,development and widespread of modern sports in Britain.This paper showed us a history of modern sports,especially western sports and modern Olympic Games,and provided important historical data to reveal essential meaning of human sports

Spatial sampling method for crop acreage based on remote sensing in hilly area in Minhou County,Fujian Province

以福建闽侯县作为研究区,采用传统抽样(简单随机抽样、系统抽样、分层抽样); 、空间抽样(空间随机抽样、空间系统抽样、空间分层抽样)等方法对研究区农作物种植面积进行样本抽选、总体推算及误差估计,结果表明: 1 500; m*1 500; m格网为最优抽样单元尺寸,空间分层抽样方法的相对误差为3.86%,变异系数为6.03%,抽样成本为6.03,抽样效率高.与传统抽样方法相比,空间; 抽样方法显著减少样本容量,节约调查成本.Traditional sampling methods of simple random sampling,systematic; sampling,stratified sampling,and spatial sampling methods of spatial; random sampling,spatial system sampling and spatial stratified sampling; were applied to conduct sample extraction,population extrapolation and; error estimation in crop acreage in Minhou County. The results showed; that spatial stratified sampling had the highest sampling efficiency; with 1 500 m*1 500 m square grid as the optimal sampling unit size. And; relative error,variation coefficient and sampling cost was 3.86%,6.03%; and 6.03,respectively. Compared to traditional sampling method,spatial; sampling method significantly reduced sampling size and saved cost.全国统计科学研究项

Effects of the Xitongxiao prescription on apoptosis and proliferation of chondrocytes in knee

目的：探讨膝痛消方对促进软骨细胞增殖和抑制IL-1β诱导的软骨细胞凋亡的作用。方法：体外培养膝关节软骨细胞，用阿利新蓝染色方法检测软骨细胞蛋白多糖，用Ⅱ型胶原免疫荧光染色检测软骨细胞Ⅱ型胶原的表达，以鉴定软骨细胞；用MTS检测软骨细胞的增殖；用IL-1β诱导软骨细胞凋亡，AnnexinV/PI双染检测细胞凋亡。结果：膝关节剥离得到的细胞形态为多角形或梭形，阿利新蓝与Ⅱ型胶原免疫荧光染色均呈阳性，证明分离培养的细胞为软骨细胞。MTS实验结果发现膝痛消方提取物处理软骨细胞后检测到的OD值随浓度增加而增加且显著高于对照组。此外，IL-1β处理诱导软骨细胞凋亡，而膝痛消方提取物能够有效地抑制IL-1β引起的细胞凋亡。结论：膝痛消方能促进软骨细胞的增殖，抑制IL-1β诱导的软骨细胞的凋亡。以上发现为膝痛消方临床上治疗膝关节骨性关节炎提供药理作用依据。Objective:To investigate the effects of the Xitongxiao prescription on the cell proliferation and the inhibition of IL-1β-induced apoptosis of chondrocytes.Methods:To identify chondrocytes,the articular chondrocytes were cultured in vitro;staining with alcian blue was used to detect the protein polysaccharide,and staining with collagen immunofluorescence was used to examine the expression of type II collagen in chondrocytes.The proliferation of chondrocytes was determined by MTS.Apoptosis of chondrocytes was induced by IL-1β,and the effect of apoptosis was tested by Annexin V/PI double staining.Results:The morphology of the cells obtained from the knee joint was polygonal or fusiform.The tested results of Alcian blue and collagen immunofluorescence staining were positive.These together certified that the isolated cells were knee chondrocytes.MTS assay results showed that the detected OD values were dosedependently increased and they were significantly higher than those of the control group.In addition,the apoptosis of chondrocytes was induced by IL-1βtreatment.While the extract of the Xitongxiao prescription could effectively inhibit the IL-1β-induced apoptosis of chondrocytes.Conclusion:The Xitongxiao prescription could promote the proliferation of chondrocytes and inhibit the apoptosis of chondrocytes induced by IL-1β.The above findings may provide one of pharmacological mechanisms of the Xitongxiao for clinical treatment of knee osteoarthritis.厦门市科技计划项目(3502z20144031);福建省自然科学基金计划资助项目(2015J01065)

人工藻结皮形成过程中表土非降雨型水分吸收的变化情况

在干旱、半干旱地区,表土非降雨型水分吸收对于植物、生物结皮以及一些小型动物都起着非常重要的作用.本研究对库布齐沙漠中各种水分吸收类型进行了调查,并对人工结皮形成过程中水分吸收的变化进行了跟踪监测.结果发现,在实验区,从空气中吸收的水分占表土水分吸收量的25.07%~39.83%,其主要是通过水汽吸附机制进行.相比之下,表土从深层土壤吸收的水分更多,大约占到水分吸收量的60.17%~74.93%.人工结皮的形成促进了表土水分的吸收,但吸收水分的增加并非在接种后或结皮形成后立即表现出来,而是在结皮形成后,结

感染后肠易激综合征患者临床特征和细胞因子的表达

【目的】探讨感染后肠易激综合征（PI-IBS）和非感染后肠易激综合征（NPI-IBS）患者临床特征及肠黏膜、外周 血IL-17A、IFN-γ和IL-10 的表达。【方法】腹泻型IBS 患者44 例（PI-IBS 21 例，NPI-IBS 23 例），健康对照者10 例，采用 GSRS、SAS、SDS量表评估肠易激综合征患者胃肠道症状、焦虑及抑郁状态。肠镜下取回盲部及直肠黏膜标本，免疫组化法 检测IL-17A、IFN-γ和IL-10的表达。ELISA法检测外周血IL-17A、IFN-γ和IL-10的表达。【结果】NPI-IBS 患者较对照组 SDS评分升高（P < 0.05）；PI-IBS患者较对照组SAS和SDS评分升高（P < 0.05）；PI-IBS组较NPI-IBS组GSRS、SAS和SDS评 分显著升高（P < 0.05）；与对照组相比，PI-IBS组和NPI-IBS组回盲部和直肠IL-17A、IFN-γ的表达升高，IL-10的表达降低 （P < 0.05）；PI-IBS 组血清中IL-17A 的表达较对照组升高，IL-10 的表达降低（P < 0.05）；肠黏膜和外周血中PI-IBS 组IL- 17A和IFN-γ的表达较NPI-IBS组稍高，但差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。【结论】PI-IBS和NPI-IBS患者存在不同程度的焦 虑、抑郁表现，外周血和肠黏膜中IL-17A和IFN-γ的表达升高，IL-10表达降低，但PI-IBS患者临床症状相对较重，细胞因 子的改变更明显，PI-IBS可能与NPI-IBS有不同的发病机制

福建省闽侯县区域农作物种植面积的空间抽样方案

基于国产GF-1号卫星影像农作物空间分布数据,以正方形网格作为抽样单元形状,综合应用遥感技术、空间抽样方法、模拟退火算法及空间自相关理论,对福建省闽侯县农作物种植面积进行估算.结果表明:根据全局自相关指数Moran’s I及其显著性指标Z Score,选取1 500 m×1 500 m作为最优单元尺寸;对研究区进行剖分,构建抽样框,对比空间随机抽样、空间系统抽样及空间分层抽样的抽样结果,空间分层抽样方法的样本容量为37,相对误差为3.86%,抽样效率最高;运用模拟退火优化算法规划野外调查的最优路径,确定空间抽样调查方案.全国统计科学研究资助项目(2015LZ18