Marine and Coastal Management in Taiwan from the Perspective of ICZM Principles

*刘文宏,国立高雄海洋科技大学渔业生产与管理系副教授。电子邮箱:andersonliu@ mail.nkmu.edu.tw。**高瑞钟,国立高雄海洋科技大学运筹管理系助理教授［文摘］台湾四面环海,岛上平原有限,人口密集。土地资源宝贵但相当有限,海岸地区成为满足各种需求进一步发展的潜在地,并变成公私部门的抢手目标。但台湾海岸地区规划不善、使用不当,造成一连串问题,如自然海岸线流失、自然栖息地遭破坏、海洋生物资源减少等等。过度急速发展与不当使用导致台湾海岸地区面临严重威胁,所以台湾政府正致力于改善海岸管理。即便如此,还是有很多问题尚待解决。本文分析台湾海洋与海岸管理的背景与发展史,以理清海岸管理的思路,并使用海岸带综合管理原则来检视台湾海岸管理的架构。同时本文也检视海岸管理的进展、绩效以及问题,分析导致管理问题的诱因、障碍、未来发展的机会与威胁。本文最后根据欧洲的海岸管理原则和实践提出对海岸管理的建议。［Abstract］Surrounded by sea waters,Taiwan is a densely populated island with only a few flat lands.Due to the scarcity and high value of available land,the coastal zone seems to provide potential sites to meet various needs of further development and to attract both public and private developers.However,coastal zones in Taiwan have not been well planned and used,resulting in problems such as loss of natural coastline,destruction of natural habitats and decline of living marine resources.The coastal zones in Taiwan are under heavy pressures of rapid development and incompatible uses,leading the Taiwan authorities to have to devote efforts to improve coastal zone management.However,a few problems still remain to be solved.Therefore,this study analyses the background and evolution of marine and coastal management in Taiwan to figure out the thread of coastal management.Next,the ICZM principles are used to examine the coastal management framework in Taiwan.The progress,performance and problems of coastal management are also analyzed to find drivers/triggers,obstacles,future opportunities,and future threats.Finally,suggestions are proposed according to principles and practices from Europe.本文受“国家科学委员会”(NSC962415H022003)研究资助

椭圆声学超材料模型构建与带隙分析

通过在一个元胞内引入多个椭圆散射体可以构成多振子椭圆声学超材料,本文研究了椭圆散射体不同排列方式下振子间的耦合作用,以及这种耦合作用对能带结构的影响,并通过对振动模态的研究阐明了带隙产生的物理机制。研究表明,当散射体为椭圆时,相同散射体不同的排列方式对应不同的能带结构,带隙结构与椭圆散射体的数量以及散射体之间的耦合相关,随着散射体数量增加带隙结构将趋于一致

新型压电导电材料阻尼特性研究

采用共混法以环氧树脂为基体,PMN为压电相,分别添加不同质量分数的铜粉、铝粉、碳纳米管、石墨以及两相混合物作为导电相,制备压电导电复合材料,探究不同导电相对压电导电材料阻尼特性的影响。实验结果表明:当Al含量为20%时,Al/PMN/Epoxy复合材料损耗因子峰值达到0.78,明显优于添加其他相的压电导电阻尼材料

柱前衍生化高效液相色谱法测定2-去氧葡萄糖的含量

目的建立柱前衍生化高效液相色谱法测定2-去氧葡萄糖(2-DG)含量的方法。方法采用1-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑酮(PMP)为柱前衍生化试剂,将2-DG在碱性条件下衍生化后直接进样测定。分离柱为HypersilODS2色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),流动相为100 mmol·L-1醋酸铵缓冲液(pH 5.5)-乙腈(78∶22),流速1.0 mL·min-1,波长249 nm。结果 2-DG在19.68~393.6μg·mL-1浓度范围内与峰面积具有良好的线性关系(r=0.9997);其定量限(S/N=10)和最低检出限(S/N=3)分别为7.8和3.1 ng;平均回收率为101.21%,RSD 0.63%。结论该方法简便实用、检测灵敏度高、测定结果准确,适用于2-DG的质量控制

Optimization of Hydrometallurgical Purification for SiO_2 in the Process of Preparing Solar-grade Silicon

考察了Hf质量分数、H2C2O4质量分数、HnO3质量分数、酸浸时间、粒径、液体质量与固体质量的比值(简称液固比,下同)等因素对混酸法提纯SIO2工艺过程的影响,利用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)进行表征。结果表明,最佳工艺条件为:W(Hf)=2%、W(H2C2O4)=3%、W(HnO3)=30%、酸浸时间4 H、粒径100~120目、液固比4∶1、酸浸温度30℃。fE、Al、CA、P杂质的去除率分别达到99.99%、14.02%、73.27%、60.00%,经混酸法处理后SIO2中杂质总量的质量分数降至1.465x10-4。As a pre-treatment unit for preparing solar-grade silicon,hydrometallurgical route could remove most metallic impurities in silicon dioxide(SiO2) and raise the yield of the final product.Acid leaching of SiO2 could reduce the cost and energy consumption of industrialized development.Combined with high purity of reducing agent,the successor process of pyrometallurgy can also achieve "continuous casting".Factors such as the mass fraction of leaching agent,time,the particle size of SiO2,and the liquid-solid ratio were investigated,and the samples were characterized by means of ICP-OES,SEM,etc.The optimal reaction conditions were as follows:w(HF)=2%,w(H2C2O4)=3%,w(HNO3)=30%,reaction time 4 h,the average size of SiO2 powder particle 100～120 mesh,the liquid-solid ratio 4∶1,and room temperature 30 ℃.It was found that the final removal rates of impurities of Fe,Al,Ca,P could reach 99.99%,14.02%,73.27%,and 60.00% respectively and the mass fraction of total amount of impurities could be reduced to 1.465×10-4

选择性胆甾化壳聚糖两亲材料的合成及其自聚集现象

以邻苯二甲酰化壳聚糖(PHCS)为中间体,将胆甾醇琥珀酸酯(CHS)选择性接枝到壳聚糖的6-OH上,再经水合肼脱去N-邻苯二甲酰亚胺基,游离出氨基,获得疏水改性的O-胆甾醇基壳聚糖(O-CHCS)。采用傅立叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)和核磁共振仪(1HNMR)对产物进行结构表征;通过透析法制备O-CHCS自聚集纳米粒,用透射电镜(TEM)和动态激光粒度分析仪(DLLS)表征了纳米粒的形态、粒径、粒径分布及表面电位;以芘为荧光探针测定O-CHCS的临界胶束浓度(CMC)。结果表明,合成的O-CHCS是一种两亲性化合物,能在水中自聚集形成粒径约337nm,ζ电位为+25.6mV的球形纳米粒,获得的纳米粒具有明显的核壳结构和较低的临界胶束浓度,有望成为疏水性药物或DNA的载体

Study on removal boron from solargrade silicon with hydrometallurgy

湿法提纯作为冶金法制备太阳能级硅的前处理工序,可以去除大部分金属和硼杂质。研究了以氢氟酸-硫酸混合酸为浸出剂,有机溶剂甲醇作为后处理剂,去除硅粉中硼杂质的方法。采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP)等对产品进行表征。酸浸过程优化工艺条件:硫酸质量分数为55%,氢氟酸质量分数为7%,酸浸温度为70℃、酸浸时间为4 H、液固质量比为8∶1。酸浸后可使硅粉中的硼杂质质量分数由6.893x10-6降至3.867x10-6,去除率为41.9%。在酸浸基础上采用有机溶剂甲醇作为后处理剂,杂质硼质量分数降至3.84x10-6,去除率为44.29%。从硼酸浸后形成的产物入手探索提高硼去除率的方法,实验验证了该方法的可行性,为研究湿法冶金预处理太阳能级硅提供了新的参考。As a pretreatment unit for preparing solargrade silicon(SG-Si) by metallurgic method,wet purification could remove most metallic impurities and nonmetallic impurities,such as boron.Experiment researched a new method to remove boron from SG-Si with mixed hydrofluoric acid-sulfuric acid as leaching agent and with organic solvent methanol as posttreatment agent.Samples were characterized by ICP and other analysis methods.When SG-Si powder had been leached at optimized conditions as follows:mass fraction of sulfuric acid was 55%,mass fraction of hydrofluoric acid was 7%,reaction temperature was 70 ℃,reaction time was 4 h,and liquid-solid mass ratio 8∶1,it was found that mass fraction of impurity boron in SG-Si was reduced to 3.867×10-6 from 6.893×10-6 and the removal rate was 41.9% after acid leaching;on the basis of the former procedure,mass fraction of impurity boron was reduced to 3.84×10-6 and the removal rate was 44.29% when treated with organic solvent.Experiment proved the feasibility of the method and provided a new reference for researching on the pretreatment of SG-Si by hydrometallurgy

电针对SNI诱导疼痛抑郁模型大鼠海马AcH3/BDNF的影响

目的观察电针对疼痛抑郁模型大鼠海马脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）、乙酰化蛋白（AcH3）表达的影响，探讨电针镇痛抗抑郁的作用机制。方法雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、电针组、药物组，每组6只。采用坐骨神经选择损伤术（SNI）建立疼痛抑郁模型。SNI术后1周进行相关干预直至术后6 周，电针组于隔日电针百会、印堂2 Hz 30 min治疗；药物组给予每日10 mg/kg丙咪嗪腹腔注射；假手术组、模型组给予相同的抓取。术前及术后1、2、3、4、5、6 周进行机械缩足反射阈值（PWT）测试，术后6周进行糖水偏好实验和强迫游泳实验行为学测试。行为学结束后取大鼠海马组织，采用Western blot法检测BDNF、AcH3的含量。结果与假手术组相比，模型组大鼠PWT、糖水偏好比率下降（P<0.01），强迫游泳不动时间延长（P<0.01），海马BDNF、AcH3表达减少（P<0.05， P<0.01），差异有统计学意义，提示疼痛抑郁模型建造成功。SNI术后6周，与模型组比较，电针组和药物PWT升高（P<0.01），糖水消耗比率升高（P<0.01），强迫游泳不动时间减少（P<0.01），差异有统计学意义。与模型组比较，电针组海马AcH3、BDNF的表达增多（P<0.05），药物组海马AcH3表达增多（P<0.05），BDNF表达无明显变化。结论电针可缓解疼痛抑郁模型大鼠疼痛、抑郁行为症状，其镇痛抗抑郁机制可能与上调海马AcH3、BDNF表达相关

Experimental Investigation on Thermocapillary Drop Migration at Large Marangoni Number in Reduced Gravity

Results from a space experiment on thermocapillary drop migration conducted on board the Chinese spacecraft ShenZhou-4 are presented in this paper. In the experiment, isolated drops of Fluorinert liquid moved in a matrix liquid of 5cst silicone oil at values of the Marangoni numbers (Ma) ranging up to 5500 and the interferometry images showed the temperature distribution inside the test cell. The drop migration velocity was measured. The experimental results show that the scaled drop migration velocity V/VYGB obviously decreases with Ma increasing the values up to 5500. The space experimental results are also compared with those from our early experiments, other space experiments, and some theoretical predictions

Transition from tunneling leakage current to molecular tunneling in single-molecule junctions

数十年来，半导体工业一直遵循基于“摩尔定律”所设定的发展蓝图，逐步提升集成电路芯片上晶体管的集成度和运行速度，减小器件尺寸。为探索这一尺寸极限，课题组基于机械可控裂结技术自主开发了具有飞安级电学测量和亚纳米级位移控制灵敏度的科学仪器，在国际上首次获取了一系列具有不同重复单元的寡聚苯乙炔类分子电导随电极间距的演变关系，并发现随着电极间距的缩小，器件电输运由通过分子器件电流占主导逐步转变到由隧穿漏电流占主导。对于本研究中具有最小尺寸的寡聚苯乙炔分子器件，其由于隧穿漏电流所制约的尺寸极限可小至0.66 nm，预示了有机分子器件在未来电子器件小型化方面具有重要的应用潜力。 这一研究工作是在化学化工学院洪文晶教授、萨本栋微纳研究院杨扬助理教授以及英国Durham University的MartinR. Bryce教授共同指导下完成的。能源材料化学协同创新中心iChEM Fellow刘俊扬博士为论文第一作者，博士研究生郑珏婷、李瑞豪和硕士研究生黄晓艳、唐永翔、皮九婵、本科生王飞等参与了研究工作。田中群教授、毛秉伟教授和师佳副教授为论文工作提供了重要指导。【Abstract】The tunneling leakage current will be a major quantum obstacle during miniaturization in the semiconductor industry down to the scale of several nanometers. At this scale, to promote charge transport and overcome the tunneling leakage current between the source and drain terminals, molecular electronic junctions offer opportunities by inserting molecules between these two electrodes. Employing a series of oligo(aryleneethynylene) (OAE) molecules, here we investigate the transition from tunneling leakage current to molecular tunneling in the single-molecule devices using mechanically controllable break junction (MCBJ) technique, and the transition distances of the OAE molecular junctions were determined and even down to 0.66 nm for OAE2 molecular junction, which demonstrates that the intrinsic charge transport properties of a single-molecule device can be outstripped from the tunneling leakage current. Consequently, molecular electronic devices show the potential to push the ultimate limit of miniaturization to the scale of several angstroms.This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFA0204902). This work was also generously supported by the Young Thousand Talent Project of China, the EC FP7 ITN “MOLESCO” project number 606728, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (nos. 21703188, 21673195, 21503179), and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2017M622060). 该工作获得科技部国家重点研发计划课题（2017YFA0204902），国家自然科学基金委（21673195、21703188、21503179）以及中国博士后科学基金（2017M622060）等项目的资助，也得到了固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室、能源材料化学协同创新中心的支持