脊椎动物线粒体DNA的基因重排

将GenBank上已公布的321种脊椎动物mtDNA全序列,按纲整理归类,绘制基因排布图并进行比对。 比对结果表明:81个物种的mtDNA中观察到基因重排现象,涉及脊椎动物各纲,其中9个物种同时存在基因顺序 变化和基因倒置现象,所有的基因重排都涉及tRNA的变化。脊椎动物mtDNA基因顺序变化可分为3类:1)邻接 的基因或片段的位置交换;2)接近于控制序列或轻链起始位点的基因或片段的位置变化,有时还伴随着控制序列 的倍增;3)I Q M区域的变化。所有鸟类、蛇类、鳄类和有袋类的mtDNA具有各自独特的基因排列顺序。基因倒 置现象常见于鱼类和哺乳类,且多表现为tRNA从轻链往重链上迁移。本文就这些基因重排现象、发生重排的机制 和mtDNA基因重排在系统发生研究中的应用做一简要概述。国家自然科学基金(编号:30170505,30470938);; 教育部骨干教师资助计划(编号:GG 180 21002403 1740);; 教育部留学回国人员启动基金资助~

A modified ecological footprint analysis to a sub-national area:the case study of Zhejiang Province

在全球公顷和国家公顷的模型基础上,建立了省公顷生态足迹模型。采用2005年浙江省平均土地单位产量核算了浙江省各地的生态足迹,并与全球公顷和国家公顷法的结果进行了比较分析。从省公顷模型的结果可以看出,浙江省生态足迹达1.18 S-nHM2/人(省公顷,记为:S-nHM2),而生物承载力只有0.24 S-nHM2/人,生态赤字达0.94 S-nHM2/人,生态压力指数达4.91,是典型的生态赤字地区。另外,浙江省各地生态足迹空间差异较大,与全省平均水平相比,舟山和温州处于高强度生态压力,宁波、杭州、台州、金华和绍兴处于中强度生态压力,而丽水、衢州、湖州和嘉兴处于低强度生态压力。最后借助IPAT的分析,发现杭州、金华、嘉兴、湖州和衢州等地的万元gdP占用足迹不同程度地高于全省平均水平,并指出在一定条件下,应结合当地的经济发展程度合理提升资源利用效率的技术水平。The ecological footprint model on the basis of sub-national hectare was presented in this paper according to the ecological footprint concept and model on the basis of global hectare or national hectare.The ecological footprint and its composition of each city in Zhejiang Province were evaluated and analyzed by using the modified model and the actual yield per unit area of Zhejiang in 2005.The results were compared with those which were evaluated in global hectare or national hectare method,and the differences were analyzed among them.When using sub-national hectare as the evaluation criterion,the ecological footprint,the ecological capacity and the ecological deficit of Zhejiang Province in 2005 would be 1.18s-nhm2/cap,0.24s-nhm2/cap and 0.94s-nhm2/cap respectively,and the ecological pressure index was 4.91.The results suggest that Zhejiang Province is a representative area that has a large ecological deficit and high ecological pressure.They also suggested that there was a significant spatial difference according to the ecological footprint and its composition among the cities of Zhejiang.Compared with the average level of city ecological footprint in Zhejiang Province,Lishui,Quzhou,Huzhou and Jiaxing were in low ecological pressure states,and Ningbo,Hangzhou,Taizhou,Jinhua and Shaoxing were in middle ecological pressure states,while Zhoushan and Wenzhou were in high ecological pressure states.In the end,by applying IPAT,more eco-footprint demand of 104yuan GDP was found in Hangzhou,Jinhua,Jiaxing,Huzhou and Quzhou,which have a higher level than the average of Zhejiang,and suggestions were proposed that the level of local economic development must be considered to promote resource use efficiency.国家自然科学基金资助项目(40471055

An investigation on social psychological characteristics of Hunan populace during the period of SARS

通过问卷调查 ,首先对湖南民众在非典时期的社会心理状况进行描述分析 ,随后对不同年龄、文化程度、职业类型的民众的社会心理特征进行了比较研究 ,并在此基础上为战胜非典的舆论导向和领导决策提供了相应的心理学依据和对

A Review of Person- environment Fit in Organization Settings

在综述人-环境匹配(Person-environment fit,PE)的概念、结构、测量、已有研究发现和所面临的问题等基础上,提出了从PE匹配多维模型的有效化,预测、中介和调节机制,边界条件和动态过程,测量工具和研究方法改进,文化和地域差异,以及人—群体匹配(Person-group fit,PG)、人—上级匹配(Person-supervisor fit,PS)等几个方面着手探讨探讨在我国开展该类研究的可能性

Phylogenetic Relationships of Cervinae Based on Sequence of Mitochondrial Cytochrome b Gene

鹿亚科共有 4个属 ,各属间和属内特别是鹿属内的系统进化关系存在疑义。根据Cytb基因序列分析 ,探讨了鹿亚科及中国鹿属、马鹿亚种的进化关系。结果分析表明 :现行分类系统中 ,斑鹿属可能并非单系发生 ,暗示应将豚鹿并入鹿属 ;麋鹿属与鹿属有较近的进化关系 ,也应并入鹿属 ;鹿属的进化地位有待进一步研究 ;归并后的鹿属为单系发生。中国马鹿各亚种在系统发生上是一单系群 ,其中马鹿天山亚种和阿尔泰亚种聚为最原始的一支。The phylogenetic relationships among and within genera Dama,Axis,Elaphurus ,and Cervus in subfamily Cervinae remain controversial,particularly within genus Cervus .We analyzed the sequence of Cyt b gene of the genera,5 species of Cervus ,and 6 subspecies of C elaphus distributing in China.The results suggest that:Genus Axis might not be monophyletic and A porcinus should be merged into Cervus .A close genetic relationship between Elaphurus and Cervus indicated that two taxa should be incorporated into the same genus,whereas the classification status of Dama dama still remained uncertain. Cervus ,including Père Davids deer and hog deer,comprised a monophyletic clade.Subspecies of Chinas C elaphus ,which derived from C nippon ,formed a monophyletic group.Among them, C e songaricus and C e sibiricus clustered together and diverged early.国家自然科学基金资助项目 (3 9870 913 ) ;; 国家教育部骨干教师资助计划项目 ;; 江苏省“3 3 3工程”人才培养基金资

Phylogentic Relationships of Living Amphibians Among Three Orders Based on the Mitochondrial tRNA Genes

现存两栖类 3个目的系统发生关系仍然没有统一意见 ,最广泛被接受的假说是单系起源 ,并且无尾类和有尾类为姐妹群关系而排斥蚓螈类 (蛙类假说 )。然而 ,这一假说一直存在争议。我们在测定了泽蛙线粒体基因组全序列的基础上 ,与已知其他的 6种两栖类进行详细的比较分析 ,同时选择了 11种高等脊椎动物的线粒体全基因序列 ,以硬骨鱼类作外群 ,用 2 2个tRNA基因合并数据进行系统发生重建分析 ,结果表明MP、ML树都强力地支持现生两栖类动物为单系群 ,并且有尾目和蚓螈目为姐妹群关系。这个结果与蛙类假说是相矛盾的 ,与Bolt (1991)在形态学基础上提出的有尾类和蚓螈类为姐妹群关系的假说相一致 ,并得到建立在线粒体和核rRNA基因数据基础上的许多分子研究的支持。另外还探讨了本结果与前人的研究不一致的原因 ,以及利用线粒体全基因序列进行系统发生分析可能存在的偏差To date,there still is lack of a general consensus regarding the phylogenetic relationships of three living orders of amphibian among herpetologists.The most widely accepted hypothesis is the monophyletic origin in the class Amphibia,which proposed a sister-group relationship between Caudata and Anura (the Batrachia hypothesis) to the exclusion of the Gymnophiona.However,the phylogenetic relationship among living amphibians is still a controversial issue.The complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial genome of Fejervarya limnocharis was detailedly compared with those of 6 other amphibians.The nucleotide sequences of 22 tRNA encoded by 7 amphibians mitochondrial genomes were combined and aligned to the homologous sequences of the 11 veterbrate taxa.Teleosts selected as outgroup,the phylogenetic analyses results show that MP and ML trees all strongly support the monophyly of living amphibians with respect to other living tetrapods and favor a sister group relationship for caecilians and urodeles.Robustness of our results was confirmed by high bootstrap support of all nodes in the trees.This result contradicts the Batrachia hypothesis,and is consistent with Bolt's hypothesis (1991) basing on the morphological data.The result was also supported by previous molecular studies based on the data from mitochondrial and nuclear rRNA genes.In addition,the reason for our result inconsistent with previous works and the shortcomings of phylogenetic analyses based on the complete mitochondrial genomes were also discussed.教育部骨干教师资助计划项目 (GG -180 -2 10 0 2 40 3 -1740 );; 教育部留学回国人员启动基金资助~

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定纺织品中4种二苯甲酮类紫外吸收剂的最大迁移量

采用液相色谱-串联质谱法测定纺织品中二苯甲酮、2,4-二羟基二苯甲酮、2-羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮和2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮等4种二苯甲酮类紫外吸收剂的最大迁移量。采用水、酸性汗液、碱性汗液、皂液等迁移模拟液。迁移模拟液加入到纺织品样品中后,采用水浴摇床振荡,振荡频率为80r·min~(-1),迁移时间为90min,在水及皂液中迁移时水温为常温,在酸性汗液及碱性汗液中迁移时水温为(37±2)℃,迁移模拟液采用乙腈液液萃取。以Waters Atlantis T3色谱柱为分离柱,以不同体积比的乙腈和水的混合液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,串联质谱分析中采用电喷雾离子源和多反应监测模式。4种二苯甲酮类紫外吸收剂的质量浓度在一定范围内与其对应的峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)为1~3μg·L~(-1),测定下限(10S/N)为3~10μg·L~(-1)。以空白样品为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率为85.5%~102%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为4.4%~8.4%。对纺织品样品中4种二苯甲酮类紫外吸收剂进行迁移评估,结果表明:4种二苯甲酮类紫外吸收剂的最大迁移比例为0.02%~3.65%,最大迁移时间为60~90min

光子晶体光纤在全光网中的应用

光子晶体光纤（PCF）以其独特的光学特性和灵活设计的特点,而成为近年来研究的热点。随着各种新型PCF的问世以及研究的深入,使其应用领域不断扩大。文章对PCF在全光网中的各项应用进行了分析,重点对PCF在光纤光栅和光纤激光器、放大器、光开关、波长变换器方面的研究进展进行了介绍

脉冲试井数值模拟的现场应用

通过油藏数值模拟技术 ,建立了多层油藏非均质及多相流体条件下的理论模型 ,并做出脉冲试井的压力理论曲线。现场应用中 ,在充分考虑地质及沉积特征的前提下 ,通过调整静态参数得到了理论曲线与实测曲线的最佳拟合 ,最终获得模拟区域内多层非均质渗透率分布图。该方法所获得的地层水平渗透率分布与其它方法所获得的渗透率分布互相补充 ,可为三次采油方案设计提供可靠依