Bacterial community and its relation to environmental variables in a subtropical stratified reservoir for drinking water supply in autumn

水库在我国东南沿海地区是重要的饮用水水源地,对地区经济发展和社会稳定起到重要作用。选择亚热带地区典型的热分层水库——福建莆田东圳水库,于2011年秋季稳定分层期,以水体温度的垂直变化特征为依据进行分层采样。应用PCrdggE和克隆测序的方法研究浮游细菌群落的垂直分布特征,利用多元统计分析揭示细菌群落与热分层水体理化指标之间的关系。结果显示:溶解氧、电导率、叶绿素A、总氮、氨氮及硝氮在上下层水体中的分布有显著差异,下层缺氧区细菌的SHAnnOnWIEnEr指数和dggE条带数明显高于上层好氧区,表明东圳水库热分层水体中存在明显的物理、化学及生物分层现象。测序结果表明β-变形菌可能是东圳水库中占优势的细菌类群,统计结果提示溶解氧是显著影响细菌群落组成的环境因子。热分层水体的物理化学分层与水体细菌群落结构密切相关,提示水库生态学研究应对水体热分层给予重视。Fujian reservoirs in southeast China are important water resources for economic and social sustainable development,although few have been studied previously.Dongzhen Reservoir,a typical subtropical stratified reservoir in Fujian,was chosen for investigation of bacterial distribution,composition and diversity in autumn 2011.As the only built large reservoir in Putian City,it plays an important role in irrigation,flood control,hydroelectric power,and water supply.Dongzhen Reservoir shows an obvious phenomenon of water thermal stratification during summer and autumn,thus creates a unique gradient of environmental variables along the water column.We investigated the bacterial community and its relation to environmental variables in this study for a better understanding of vertical distribution of bacterial community and theprimary environmental drivers in a stratified reservoir.Five water samples were collected from five different depths according to the vertical changes of temperature.Both PCR-DGGE and sequencing were used to investigate the bacterial community and diversity.Moreover,physical and chemical parameters were measured according to the national standard methods.Multivariate statistical techniques were used to examine the relationship between bacterial community and environmental variables.Principal component analysis( PCA) clearly showed that water temperature,dissolved oxygen( DO),chlorophyll a( Chl a),total nitrogen( TN),ammonia nitrogen( NH4-N),nitrite / nitrate nitrogen( NOx-N) and electric conductivity of the upper aerobic zone were differed from those of the deeper anoxic zone.Both the number of DGGE bands and the Shannon-Wiener index of the deeper anoxic zone were higher than those of the upper aerobic zone.Further,two groups were distinguished by the cluster analysis of bacterial communities based on the Bray-Curtis similarity.Thus,Dongzhen Reservoir presented an obviously physical,chemical,and biological stratified phenomenon.Seven bands that common to all sampling depths were extracted and sequenced,and among which four were identified as Betaproteobacteria,indicating that Betaproteobacteria were the most dominant taxa in Dongzhen Reservoir in autumn.Bacterial community composition and diversity differed greatly among different sampling depths,and these differences were closely related to the physical and chemical stratification of the water body.Redundancy analysis( RDA) demonstrated DO was the significant environmental variable that shaping the bacterial community and diversity( P < 0.01).Therefore,we should pay more attention to DO and thermal stratification of reservoirs for sustainable reservoir management.国家重大科学研究计划(2012CB956103); 中国科学院知识创新工程方向项目(KZCX2-YW-QN401); 国家自然科学基金面上项目(31172114); 福建省杰出青年科学基金项目(2012J06009

Study on the Nutrient Content of Bamboo Leaves and Soil in Coastal Region of Fujian

第一作者简介：陈松河，男， 1968年出生，福建长泰人，研究员，硕士生导师，硕士，主要从事园林植物（竹类）分类、栽培与抗逆性研究。通信地址： 361003厦门市思明区虎园路 25号， Tel：0592-2039619，E-mail：[email protected]。[中文文摘]为了研究福建滨海地区竹类叶片与土壤养分状况,对福建滨海3地厦门园博苑百竹园、莆田赤港华侨农场竹园和莆田湄洲岛竹类植物叶片和土壤养分进行实地调查取样分析。结果表明:3地17种竹类成熟叶片和衰老叶片氮(N)、磷(P)含量存在显著差异,且存在明显的地域性差异;竹类生长土壤氮(N)含量均值大小依次为厦门园博苑0.3697mg/g、莆田赤港0.2820mg/g、莆田湄洲岛0.1921mg/g;磷(P)含量均值大小依次为莆田湄洲岛0.3926mg/g、厦门园博苑0.3134mg/g、莆田赤港0.2152mg/g;莆田赤港和莆田湄洲岛10种竹类成熟叶片叶绿素a含量(Ca)和叶绿素b含量(Cb)均值比达到2.17,Ca和Cb间经11种单因子模型拟合,最优的拟合方程为:YA=0.9699+3.7374B-0.7166B2+0.0439B(3A代表Ca,B代表Cb),相关系数的平方达0.934,呈极显著相关关系;竹类植物盐害等级为0级的有5种,盐害等级为1级的有10种,盐害等级为2级的有2种,盐害等级为3级以上的未见。[英文文摘]In order to study nutrient status in bamboo leaves and soil,3 coastal region in Fujian, Xiamen Garden & Flower Expo (XMYB), Farm for Returned Overseas Chinese in Putian (PTCG) and Meizhou Island of Putian (PTMZ) were studied in this paper by field investigation and sampling analysis. The results were shown as follows: the content N and content P in mature and senescent of 17 species leaves in 3 coastal region were significant difference, also significant difference in region. The average value content N of bamboo soil inXMYB, PTCG, PTMZ were 0.3697, 0.2820, 0.1921 mg/g in turn. The average value content P of bamboo soil inPTMZ, XMYB, PTCG were 0.3926, 0.3134, 0.2152 mg/g in turn. The proportion of 10 mature bamboo speciesaverage value between content Ca and content Cb was 2.17, through 11 models of single factor analysis, the relation between the bamboo’s chlorophyll a content and chlorophyll b content accorded with model cubic: YA= 0.9699 + 3.7374B-0.7166B2 + 0.0439B3 (A stands for content Ca, B stands for content Cb), the square of itscorrelation coefficient was 0.934, it was very significant. Bamboo salt damage 0 degree had 5 species, 1 degreehad 10 species, 2 degree had 2 species, no species in 3-5 degree.厦门市科学技术局科研项目“竹类植物耐盐机理与筛选应用研究”(3502Z20102003);厦门市市政园林局科研项目“竹类植物在观赏园艺上的应用研究”(YK-2000-02

A Kind of Virtual Implementation Method of Benthos Terrain and Current

提出了一种用于AUV视景仿真的海洋环境中海底地形和海流的虚拟实现方法。海底地形不但考虑了离散点电子海图数据,而且也将某些特征数据考虑在内,从而生成相对精度较高的海底地形。海洋中的海流采用两个层次的方法进行模拟:建立海流数据库方法以及水动力软件计算方法。该方法的研究对于AUV自主地形导航技术以及避碰策略等研究具有极为重要的意义,并且上述方法生成的海洋环境已经在AUV数字仿真平台中得到了应用

Slave-UUV Motion Analysis Using Mixed Coordinates EKF Algorithm

在主从式UUV 协作系统中，由于定位和导航的需要，要求尽快估计出从UUV 的航行参数，但通常所用的递推最小二乘（RLS）算法，其初始方位测量对滤波结果影响大且存在收敛速度慢、计算精度低的缺点，难以满足应用需求，而推广卡尔曼滤波（EKF）算法能较好地克服上述问题。在直角坐标系下（CEKF），方位信息与距离信息相互耦合导致初始振荡剧烈，改为混合坐标系（MEKF）后问题得到了极大的改善。最后，通过仿真及现场试验验证了此改进方法的有效性

SUKF-based Modeling for General Behavior of the Environment and Its Application in Long-range AUV Propulsion System

针对自主水下机器人对广义行为环境自适应能力差的问题,给出基于平方根无色卡尔曼滤波的广义行为环境建模方法。在广义行为环境的离线参考模型中,有一些参数是时变的、是无法事先预知的,必须通过传感器探测的信息进行实时估计和预测。采用平方根无色卡尔曼滤波算法,根据在线传感器信息以及离线参考模型,实时地估计出广义行为环境的状态和参数。主要研究自主水下机器人自身行为环境建模,以远程水下自主机器人的推进系统为例,构建一种推进器效率损失因子的故障模型结构,应用平方根无色卡尔曼滤波对水下自主机器人的状态和推进器故障参数进行在线联合估计。利用远程自主水下机器人的数学模型进行仿真验证,试验结果表明了算法的有效性,并对影响平方根无色卡尔曼滤波算法估计性能的因素进行了分析

Mechanical switch-type depth sensor

本发明属于海洋高压环境机电控制技术领域，具体地说是一种机械式开关型深度传感器。包括壳体、活塞、磁铁组件、弹簧、开关组件、橡胶电缆端头，其中壳体为中空结构，所述活塞滑动连接于壳体的中心孔内，活塞的一端通过壳体内设有内止口限位，所述壳体的一端设有外螺纹，另一端与橡胶电缆端头连接，所述橡胶电缆端头内设有开关组件，所述磁铁组件设置于活塞的另一端、并与开关组件相对应，所述弹簧设置于壳体的中心孔内、并位于活塞与橡胶电缆端头之间；本发明具有压力设定范围大，性能稳定、安全可靠，结构紧凑，成本低、易实现等诸多优点

Research on the mixed sensitive robust control of AUV

为了使水下机器人(AUV,autonomous underwater vehicle)在多环节不确定条件下满足水下作业时动力定位的控制精度要求,深入研究了混合灵敏度鲁棒控制中各加权函数的选取原则后,设计了基于混合灵敏度的 AUV 鲁棒控制器。通过 AUV 半物理仿真平台上的动力定位试验和控制算法对比试验,证明了所设计的鲁棒控制器对于水下机器人系统的外界扰动和参数变化不确定性具有良好的抑制作用,控制效果令人鼓舞

Underwater robot sub-control system

本实用新型涉及水下机器人控制技术，具体的说是一种水下机器人辅助控制系统。本实用新型包括捷联惯性导航系统和视景仿真系统，其特征在于，水下机器人载体上安装有传送水下机器人位置和姿态信息的捷联惯性导航系统，捷联惯性导航系统与虚拟显示水下机器人运动轨迹的连接视景仿真系统连接，视景仿真系统安装在水下机器人控制室中。本实用新型模拟显示水下机器人在深海中的姿态和运动情况，方便操作人员操控水下机器人；结构简单，系统搭建方便；本实用新型与水下机器人主控制系统是独立的两个系统，相互之间互不影响；体积小，易于安装

Phylogentic Relationships of Living Amphibians Among Three Orders Based on the Mitochondrial tRNA Genes

现存两栖类 3个目的系统发生关系仍然没有统一意见 ,最广泛被接受的假说是单系起源 ,并且无尾类和有尾类为姐妹群关系而排斥蚓螈类 (蛙类假说 )。然而 ,这一假说一直存在争议。我们在测定了泽蛙线粒体基因组全序列的基础上 ,与已知其他的 6种两栖类进行详细的比较分析 ,同时选择了 11种高等脊椎动物的线粒体全基因序列 ,以硬骨鱼类作外群 ,用 2 2个tRNA基因合并数据进行系统发生重建分析 ,结果表明MP、ML树都强力地支持现生两栖类动物为单系群 ,并且有尾目和蚓螈目为姐妹群关系。这个结果与蛙类假说是相矛盾的 ,与Bolt (1991)在形态学基础上提出的有尾类和蚓螈类为姐妹群关系的假说相一致 ,并得到建立在线粒体和核rRNA基因数据基础上的许多分子研究的支持。另外还探讨了本结果与前人的研究不一致的原因 ,以及利用线粒体全基因序列进行系统发生分析可能存在的偏差To date,there still is lack of a general consensus regarding the phylogenetic relationships of three living orders of amphibian among herpetologists.The most widely accepted hypothesis is the monophyletic origin in the class Amphibia,which proposed a sister-group relationship between Caudata and Anura (the Batrachia hypothesis) to the exclusion of the Gymnophiona.However,the phylogenetic relationship among living amphibians is still a controversial issue.The complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial genome of Fejervarya limnocharis was detailedly compared with those of 6 other amphibians.The nucleotide sequences of 22 tRNA encoded by 7 amphibians mitochondrial genomes were combined and aligned to the homologous sequences of the 11 veterbrate taxa.Teleosts selected as outgroup,the phylogenetic analyses results show that MP and ML trees all strongly support the monophyly of living amphibians with respect to other living tetrapods and favor a sister group relationship for caecilians and urodeles.Robustness of our results was confirmed by high bootstrap support of all nodes in the trees.This result contradicts the Batrachia hypothesis,and is consistent with Bolt's hypothesis (1991) basing on the morphological data.The result was also supported by previous molecular studies based on the data from mitochondrial and nuclear rRNA genes.In addition,the reason for our result inconsistent with previous works and the shortcomings of phylogenetic analyses based on the complete mitochondrial genomes were also discussed.教育部骨干教师资助计划项目 (GG -180 -2 10 0 2 40 3 -1740 );; 教育部留学回国人员启动基金资助~

Underwater robot auxiliary control system

本发明涉及水下机器人控制技术，具体的说是一种水下机器人辅助控制系统。本发明包括捷联惯性导航系统和视景仿真系统，其特征在于，水下机器人载体上安装有传送水下机器人位置和姿态信息的捷联惯性导航系统，捷联惯性导航系统与虚拟显示水下机器人运动轨迹的视景仿真系统连接，视景仿真系统安装在水下机器人控制室中。本发明模拟显示水下机器人在深海中的姿态和运动情况，方便操作人员操控水下机器人；结构简单，系统搭建方便；本发明与水下机器人主控制系统是独立的两个系统，相互之间互不影响；体积小，易于安装