跨海集群工程节能减排关键技术研究

港珠澳大桥跨海集群工程囊括跨海桥梁、沉管隧道、离岸人工岛等多个领域。跨海集群工程由于建设期及运营期能耗巨大,国内外尚无节能减排的成套技术指导工程建设,成为制约跨海集群工程持续发展的瓶颈之一。本文依托港珠澳大桥跨海集群工程建设和运营过程,采用理论研究、数值分析及模拟测试等多种方法,开展了集群工程节能减排指标体系和长大沉管隧道通风、照明、人工岛运营节能减排关键技术研究,成果支撑了工程项目节能减排目标的实现

Multi-objective System Control of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution on Watershed Scale

农业非点源污染日益成为影响我国流域可持续发展的重要问题。对农业非点源污染只注重技术控制，不能适应我国流域经济发展与环境保护矛盾突出的国情。如何对流域农业非点源污染进行系统控制，具有重大的理论价值和实践意义。本文以福建省九龙江流域为例，运用运筹学、经济学和系统工程学的一些基本理论，结合室内分析、现场调查、模型模拟等方法，研究了流域农业非点源污染控制的技术措施、经济手段和社会政策的优化设计，探讨了流域农业非点源污染的多目标系统控制机制，构建了评价流域农业非点源污染的指标体系，取得了如下成果：第一、综合使用模拟模型AGNPS5.0和不确定性区间系统优化模型，进行控制农业非点源污染的最佳管理措施的优化...Non-point source pollution has become an increasingly considerable problem which effects the sustainable development in agricultural watershed in China. The challenge of efficiently controlling agricultural non-point source pollution confronts many difficulties when only engineering and technical methods are implemented, regardless of outstanding conflict between economic development and environme...学位：工学硕士院系专业：海洋与环境学院环境科学研究中心_环境科学学号：20023401

我国环境影响评价法的特点及问题分析

我国最近颁布了《中华人民共和国环境影响评价法》,标志着我国环境影响评价政策体系的重大改进和日趋完善。该文从可持续发展与环境评价辩证关系的角度,评述了我国的环境影响评价政策体系,探讨了环境影响评价法实施后可能会对我国的可持续发展产生的促进作用,并指出了我国环境影响评价法的不足和将要面临的挑战

纯净水并非理想的饮用水

该文指出纯净水在去除有机微污染、“三致”物质、病原菌、病毒和病原原生动物等物质的同时,也过多的去除了有益人体健康的适量的微量元素和矿物质。日常饮水是补充人体微量元素和矿物质的重要来源

Environmental economic policy designed to control watershed agricultural non-point pollution——A case study from Jiulong River Watershed of Fujian Province

阐述了环境经济手段在我国农业非点源污染控制中应用的必要性和可行性。并结合福建省九龙江流域农业非点源污染的主要问题,提出“畜禽养殖税(费)、排污权交易,化肥和农药施用税(费)、补贴、促险,退耕补贴、水保押金,流域共同治理基金、排污配额交易”等环境经济手段及其应用形式,并分析论证了其实施后的费用效果和可行性。 【英文摘要】 The necessity and feasibility of special environmental economic policies to control agricultural non-point source pollution were briefly analyzed.Facing serious non-point pollution in Jiulong River,several kinds and formats of economic policies were put forward,i.e.feeding taxes,emission taxes,and tradable permits on livestock and poultry;taxes,charges,subsidies and insurance of using fertilizer and pesticide;subsidies of quitting cultivation and deposits for soil and water conservation;funds and tradable p...“十五”福建省重大科技攻关项目(2002H009);; 福建省发展与计划委员会项目(2003)资

An Inexact System Programming for Agricultural Land Utilization Based on Control of Non-point Source Pollution in Wuchuan Catchment

以福建省九龙江西溪五川流域为例,借助区间数系统优化模型和AGNPS模拟模型,对现有农业生产土地利用方式和管理措施性土地利用方式进行了系统分析,探讨通过土地利用的调整,实现低成本控制农业面源污染的最佳途径。结果表明,五川流域目前的土地利用模式不能满足面源污染控制和经济效益最大化的共同要求,其农业生产习惯和面源污染控制措施也需要适当调整。总体上现有土地利用的经济收益低于最佳土地利用优化的下限收益,环境效益一般的坡草地、香蕉地、果园、菜地和村庄用地所占比例过多。农业面源污染控制性措施的用地规划不够,应加大保护性耕作和建立多水塘系统等措施的用地量。An interval numbers optimization model and AGNPS model(Agricultural Non-point Source Model 5.0)were adopted to study the relationship between land use and agricultural nutrient pollution control with the minial cost in Wuchuan Catchment of upstream Xixi River in Jiulong River Watershed,Fujian Province.Both land utilization pattern of agricultural processes and land use pattern of pollution control practices implemented were analyzed systematically.Results indicated that the current land utilization patterns of the catchment needed to be improved,and that the situation of farming habits and management practices should be ameliorated too.The total profit on the basis of the current land use patterns was less than the optimal lower value of system interval.The field scale occupied by pollution control practices with poor environmental effectiveness was too much,such as sloping grassland,banana field,orchard,vegetable and residence.The village should promote the land use with pollution control practices.The area of conservation tillage and multi-pond system are encouraged to increase for their high environmental and economical effectiveness.To achieve a reasonable and applicable program,the decision maker can integrate the solutions of the model with his or her experience and other updated information jointly.福建省“十五”重大科技攻关项目(2002H009);; 福建省发展与改革委员会项目(ZB2003JWKJ001

Design and fabrication of uncemented femoral prosthesis using CAD/CAM/Robotic integration method

背景:生物型股骨柄假体无菌松动是全髋关节置换失败的主要因素,减少无菌松动的先决条件是增加股骨柄假体在股骨髓腔中的填充率。目的:得到定制式股骨柄假体在髓腔中的填充率,验证计算机辅助设计/计算机辅助制造/工业机器人加工(CAd/CAM/rObOTIC)集成方法和机器人磨削的有效性。方法:利用CT数据重建股骨髓腔三维模型,在此三维模型基础上设计股骨柄假体的柄体,依据标准直柄股骨柄假体近端模型设计股骨柄假体的其余部分。将设计的股骨柄假体模型导入CAd/CAM/rObOTIC集成系统生成机器人磨削轨迹,利用该轨迹对股骨柄假体进行磨削加工。将加工好的股骨柄假体与股骨髓腔匹配,分析股骨柄假体在髓腔中的填充率。结果与结论:实验结果表明,定制式股骨柄假体在髓腔中有良好的填充率,髓腔的解剖结构可以阻止股骨柄假体的扭转,获得股骨柄假体在髓腔中的稳定固定。BACKGROUND: In total hip replacements, aseptic loosening of uncemented femoral hip prosthesis is the main reason for the failure of artificial hip replacement, the prerequisite of reducing aseptic loosening of prosthesis is to increase filling area of femoral prosthesis in femoral cavity.OBJECTIVE: To obtain the filling rate of customized femoral prosthesis in femoral cavity and verify the validity of the methods of CAD/CAM/Robotic integration and the robot grind.METHODS: In this paper, the CT data of femur were used to reconstruct three-dimensional model of femoral cavity.According to this model, a custom uncemented femoral hip prosthesis was designed, then the model of this custom prosthesis was imported into the CAD/CAM/Robotic software to generate cut path.After the cut path was imported into the robotic controller, the custom prosthesis can be fabricated, then this custom prosthesis was inserted into the femoral cavity, and the filling result of the custom prosthesis in femoral cavity was analyzed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The experiment results showed that the customized prosthesis in femoral cavity achieved good filling result, the structure of femoral cavity resisted the rotation of the customized prosthesis in femoral cavity, and the customized prosthesis obtained stable fixation in the femoral cavity

STRATEGIES OF WATERSHED INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT BASED ON AGRICULTURAL NON-POINT SOURCE POLLUTION CONTROL

[摘要]：流域综合管理是从整体上控制农业非点源污染、协调流域上下游环境经济社会发展、实现流域农业可持续发展 的有效途径。本文以福建九龙江流域为例，通过分析农业非点源污染产生的系统过程、分布特征、控制环节、制约因素、控 制步骤等内容，探讨以不同等级汇水区为单位实行流域综合管理的必要性，阐述了组成流域综合管理体系的经济、环境、社 会政策措施。[Abstract]:Watershed integrated management is an efficient countermeasure to holistically control agricultural nonpoint source pollution, to abate conflicts between social economy and environment from different upstream watershed, and to attain agricultural sustainable development on whole watershed scale. On the base of introduction of agricultural non-point source pollution in Jiulong watershed, pollution systematic course, pollution distribution, key control processes, limited factors, and control procedures are analyzed. After discussion about the necessity of watershed integrated management in various hierarchical catchments, economic, environmental and social policies which build up watershed integrated management system are amply brought forth.福建省“十五”重大科技攻关项目（编号:2002H009）;福建省计委项目（2003 年）

中国物理海洋学研究70年：发展历程、学术成就概览

本文概略评述新中国成立70年来物理海洋学各分支研究领域的发展历程和若干学术成就。中国物理海洋学研究起步于海浪、潮汐、近海环流与水团,以及以风暴潮为主的海洋气象灾害的研究。随着国力的增强,研究领域不断拓展,涌现了大量具有广泛影响力的研究成果,其中包括:提出了被国际广泛采用的"普遍风浪谱"和"涌浪谱",发展了第三代海浪数值模式;提出了"准调和分析方法"和"潮汐潮流永久预报"等潮汐潮流的分析和预报方法;发现并命名了"棉兰老潜流",揭示了东海黑潮的多核结构及其多尺度变异机理等,系统描述了太平洋西边界流系;提出了印度尼西亚贯穿流的南海分支(或称南海贯穿流);不断完善了中国近海陆架环流系统,在南海环流、黑潮及其分支、台湾暖流、闽浙沿岸流、黄海冷水团环流、黄海暖流、渤海环流,以及陆架波方面均取得了深刻的认识;从大气桥和海洋桥两个方面对太平洋–印度洋–大西洋洋际相互作用进行了系统的总结;发展了浅海水团的研究方法,基本摸清了中国近海水团的分布和消长特征与机制,在大洋和极地水团分布及运动研究方面也做出了重要贡献;阐明了南海中尺度涡的宏观特征和生成机制,揭示了中尺度涡的三维结构,定量评估了其全球物质与能量输运能力;基本摸清了中国近海海洋锋的空间分布和季节变化特征,提出了地形、正压不稳定和斜压不稳定等锋面动力学机制;构建了"南海内波潜标观测网",实现了对内波生成–演变–消亡全过程机理的系统认识;发展了湍流的剪切不稳定理论,提出了海流"边缘不稳定"的概念,开发了海洋湍流模式,提出了湍流混合参数化的新方法等;在海洋内部混合机制和能量来源方面取得了新的认识,并阐述了混合对海洋深层环流、营养物质输运等过程的影响;研发了全球浪–潮–流耦合模式,推出一系列海洋与气候模式;发展了可同化主要海洋观测数据的海洋数据同化系统和用于ENSO预报的耦合同化系统;建立了达到国际水准的非地转(水槽/水池)和地转(旋转平台)物理模型实验平台;发展了ENSO预报的误差分析方法,建立了海洋和气候系统年代际变化的理论体系,揭示了中深层海洋对全球气候变化的响应;初步建成了中国近海海洋观测网;持续开展南北极调查研究;建立了台风、风暴潮、巨浪和海啸的业务化预报系统,为中国气象减灾提供保障;突破了国外的海洋技术封锁,研发了万米水深的深水水听器和海洋光学特性系列测量仪器;建立了溢油、危险化学品漂移扩散等预测模型,为伴随海洋资源开发所带来的风险事故的应急处理和预警预报提供科学支撑。文中引用的大量学术成果文献(每位第一作者优选不超过3篇)显示,经过70年的发展,中国物理海洋学研究培养了一支实力雄厚的科研队伍,这是最宝贵的成果。这支队伍必将成为中国物理海洋学研究攀登新高峰的主力军

HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATION IN AN EVERGREEN BROAD LEAVED FOREST IN THE WUYI MOUNTAINS

[中文文摘]对武夷山甜槠林成熟林水文学效应的研究结果表明：观测期间，年大气降水量2678.78ｍｍ，林内雨量2182.04ｍｍ，林冠截留量为496.74ｍｍ；林内雨中，穿透雨量2082.08ｍｍ，树干茎流99.96ｍｍ；到达甜槠林地作用面的林内雨量中，被地表枯枝落叶层截留的雨量为159.84ｍｍ，地表径流量11.6ｍｍ，地下渗流量109.32ｍｍ，其余林内雨量形成土壤含水量增量并由地表物理蒸发、根系吸收以及植物蒸腾所消耗；甜槠林地o~20０ｃｍ土层水分初渗率78.6ｍｍ·ｍｉｎ－１，稳渗率１５．５ｍｍ·ｍｉｎ－１，达到稳渗历时４５ｍｉｎ，地表枯枝落叶最大持水量5.2ｍｍ，土壤蓄水量154.0ｍｍ。与国内其它地区不同类型的森林相比较，武夷山甜槠林具有较强的水文学效能。[英文文摘]Hydrological observations were made in a 76 year old Castanopsis eyrei forest of the Wuyi Mountains.The results are as follows:(1)In the study period during 1993～1994,annual gross precipitation,net precipitation (throughfall was 208204mm and stemflow was 9996mm)and interception loss were 267878mm,218204mm and 49674mm respectively.Interception rate was 1845%.(2)Net precipitation,the part of gross precipitation appearing on the forest floor,was redistributed through different routes.The part absorbed by litter layer was an annual amount of 15984mm,and accounting for 733%.The parts as surface runoff and below ground drainage were annual amounts of 116mm and 10932mm respectively,and accounting for0.53% and 5.01%,respectively.The rest was kept in soil and then lost to the atmosphere by means of ground physical evaporation or plant transpiration as absorbed by the roots.Its amount was 190128mm,and accounting for 87.13%.(3) The initial infiltration rate and stable infiltration rate for the soil layer of 0～20cm were 786mm·min-1 and 155mm·min-1 respectively.The time needed to arrive at the stable state was 45min.Water storage capacity of soil was 15041t·hm-2.The maximum water holding capacity of litter layer was 52mm.福建省自然科学基金,武夷山自然保护区管理局资