儿童下气道菌群多样性及其对支气管哮喘辅助性T细胞分化机制影响研究进展

哮喘是由多种细胞(如嗜酸性粒细胞、肥大细胞、T淋巴细胞、中性粒细胞、气道上皮细胞等)和细胞组分参与的以慢性气道炎症和气道高反应性为特征的一种异质性疾病[1]。近年来哮喘发病率逐年攀升,据全球哮喘防治创议(GINA)委员会调查显示,全球约有3亿人受到哮喘困扰[2],世界卫生组织(WHO)预计至2025年全世界哮喘患者将会增至4亿人。研究发现,哮喘患者气道菌群在丰度及多样性等方面与正常人存在显著差异[3],而

Research on Legal Supervision over Nongovernmental Finance in China

民间金融对我国经济的发展贡献突出，很好地弥补了正规金融的不足，促进了民营经济的发展。然而长期以来，我国一直缺乏民间金融的专门法律法规对其加以监管及引导，民间金融活动也产生了巨大风险，很大程度上影响了金融市场的稳定。因此，民间金融活动一直受到政府的压制。当前金融抑制的现状，不仅无益发挥金融深化、金融发展对经济发展的促进作用，而且在很大程度上迫使民间金融长期处于“地下经营”，蕴藏了大量的金融风险。民间金融该何去何从，应该怎样对它进行规制，成为亟待解决的现实问题。 本文从我国经济、金融的现实状况分析入手，共分四个部分进行论证。第一章主要讨论民间金融存在的合理性及我国民间金融发展的现状；第二章从完善...Nongovernmental Finance has an outstanding dedication for the economic development of China .It accelerates the Nongovernmental Economy by compensating the insufficiency of Governmental Finance. But for a long time, an existing latent tremendous crisis for a lack of special regulations to guide its development is hanging over the financial market. Prohibition to the Nongovernmental Finance influen...学位：法律硕士院系专业：法学院法律系_法律硕士(JM)学号：2005130057

Application of ultrasonic technology to wet etching of silicon

为了获得平滑的硅湿法腐蚀表面,在硅湿法腐蚀中引入超声技术。对超声湿法腐蚀系统进行了改进,以确保腐蚀溶液的顶部和底部温差在0.5℃之内。采用60℃,10%质量分数的kOH溶液,在超声频率为59 kHz,超声功率为60--180 W(间隔10 W)条件下对(100)硅片进行湿法腐蚀。最后,运用激光共聚焦扫描显微镜(lSCM)对腐蚀后硅片表面粗糙度进行测量,并探讨超声参数的选择对腐蚀表面质量的影响。实验结果表明:超声功率在120 W时,可以获得平滑的腐蚀表面,表面粗糙度rQ值为0.020μM。在湿法腐蚀系统中采用超声技术,可以明显改善腐蚀表面质量,在较低温度和较低浓度的kOH溶液中,选择合适的超声参数可获得高品质的腐蚀表面。In order to achieve smooth wet etching surface of silicon,ultrasonic technology is introduced in the wet etching of silicon.By improving the ultrasonic wet etching system,the temperature difference between top and bottom etching solutions can reach 0.5℃.Then,at 60℃(100),silicon is etched wetlly by KOH solution in mass ratio of 10%, ultrasonic frequency of 59 kHz and ultrasonic power ranging from 60 W to 180 W(every 10 W).Finally,the post-etched surface roughness is measured by Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope(LSCM),and the effect of ultrasonic parameters on the quality of etching surface is discussed.Experimental results indicate that the smooth etching surface can be obtained in roughness Rq of 0.02 μm at ultrasonic power of 120 W.The quality of etching surface is greatly improved in the ultrasonic wet etching system,also the etching surface of high quality can be obtained with suitable ultrasonic parameters in lower temperature and concentration of KOH solution.国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.50675184);福建省科技计划重点项目(No.2002H022);回国留学人员基金资助项目;厦门大学新世纪优秀人才基金资助项

A preliminary study on phytoremediation of phenanthrene by a marine halophyte Sesuvium portulacastrum Linn.in hydroponic cultures

采用水培法研究了海洋滩涂耐盐植物海马齿(SESuVIuM POrTu lACASTruM lInn.)对海水菲污染的修复作用.结果显示,实验4d后,不种植海马齿的对照组、种植海马齿的抑菌组和不抑菌组海水中菲浓度分别从0.988、0.942和0.957Mg·l-1降至0.553、0.185和0.070Mg·l-1,降低了44.0%、80.4%和92.7%;与对照组相比,抑菌组(T1)和不抑菌组(T2)海水中菲的去除率分别提高了36.4%和48.7%,不抑菌组又比抑菌组高12.3%.利用差减法计算的结果显示,在与自然水体接近的不抑菌条件下,菲的非生物损失、海马齿的作用和微生物的作用,三者对海水中菲浓度降低(92.7%)的贡献分别为44.0%、36.4%和12.3%,海马齿植株内菲的积累量则仅占海水中菲减少量的2.6%.研究表明,水培海马齿可明显提高菲污染海水中菲的去除率,其中,植物与微生物共同发挥着重要的作用,但植物积累不是海马齿修复海水菲污染的主要机制.Phytoremediation of phenanthrene by marine halophyte Sesuvium portulacastrum Linn.was studied through a hydroponic culture approach.The results showed that,after 4 days incubation,the concentration of phenanthrene in the culture medium of the unplanted control group(CK),the planted treatment group with sterilization(T1) and without sterilization(T2) reduced from 0.988,0.942 and 0.957 mg · L-1 to 0.553,0.185 and 0.070 mg · L-1,respectively,i.e.the reduction rate was about 44.0%,80.4% and 92.7% for CK,T1 and T2 respectively.Comparing with that of CK,the increase of phenanthrene removal rate was about 36.4% and 48.7% for T1 and T2 respectively,corresponding to a 12.3% higher for T2 than T1.By subtraction method,the contribution of phenanthrene removal caused by abiotic loss and that through the agency of plant and microbes were calculated to be 44.0%,36.4% and 12.3%.It should be noted that the non-sterile group was similar to that of natural waters.However,in such cases,the accumulation of phenanthrene inside the plant only accounted for 2.6%.It was suggested that the hydroponic Sesuvium portulacastrum Linn.could significantly enhance the removal of phenanthrene in seawater,where the plant and the associated microbes might play a major role in the removal processes.Results also suggested that phytoaccumulation mechanism was not as important as expected for Sesuvium portulacastrum Linn.in the remediation of phenanthrene.国家高技术研究发展(863)计划(No.2007AA091704);厦门市科技计划项目(No.3502Z20102004)---

Inhibitory Effect of Salt Marsh Halophyte Salicornia Europaea on Prorocentrum Donghaiense

利用植物抑制藻类生长是目前海洋赤潮治理的有效生态手段之一。以东海原甲藻为材料,研究了滩涂盐生植物盐角草对东海原甲藻生长的抑制效应。结果显示:盐角草过滤培养液和4种根的有机相提取物(甲醇相、正丁醇相、氯仿相和石油醚相)能显著抑制东海原甲藻的生长,改变细胞大小。其中,石油醚相和正丁醇相提取物还能影响藻细胞CHl A含量。有机相提取物中以甲醇相提取物的抑制效果最强,对盐角草甲醇相提取物进行gC-MS分析,得到27种化合物,含量最高的3个组分为5-羟甲基-2-呋喃甲醛、棕榈酸和4-乙烯基-2-甲氧基-苯酚。研究表明:滩涂盐生植物盐角草能够抑制东海原甲藻的生长,具备开发新型赤潮生物抑藻剂的潜力,有望应用于海洋赤潮的防治。Phytoremediation, as one of the mechanisms for controlling marine algal blooms, is becoming an ecologically sustainable approach in recent years.In this work, we investigated the inhibitory effect of salt marsh halophyte Salicornia europaea on Prorocentrum donghaiense.Growth of P.donghaiense was not inhibited by the water extracts of S.europaea root, but the culture filtrate of S.europaea and four organic extracts.The inhibitory of organic extracts was dosedependent, and P.donghaiense was most sensitive to the methanol extract.GC-MS analysis of the methanol extract revealed 27 lipophilic compounds, in which 2-furancarboxaldehyde, 5-(hydroxymethyl)-, n-hexadecanoic acid and 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol were the most abundant components.Together, our results suggested that salt marsh halophyte S.europaea might be applied as a new type material to control the growth of P.donghaiense.国家“863”计划项目(2007AA091704); 浙江省重点科技创新团队项目(2010R50039); 杭州市科技计划项目(20120433B19&20130533B11

Electrohydrodynamic printing for head with retractable needle

设计了一种新型的基于电液动力学的喷头,该喷头内含一个可伸缩的针尖。由这种喷头组成的喷印系统,在不同的条件下可以产生离散的点和珠状结构两种喷射模式。结果表明:溶液浓度是区分这两种喷射模式的关键因素。当喷射溶液的浓度比较低时,喷印系统喷射出离散的圆点;当较高时,喷射出珠状结构。其珠状结构中珠子的直径随着系统供液速率的增加而变大,随着PEO溶液浓度的提高和针尖频率的增加而减小。改变收集板的移动速度,可以改变喷射沉积物形态,且该系统的喷射频率与可伸缩针尖的运动频率之间有很好的线性相关性。A novel electrohydrodynamic printing system with a retractable needle was designed,by which both ejection modes of dots and bead-on-string structures can be produced.Experimental results show that solution concentration is the key element to define the ejection mode.Dots can be obtained for lower solution concentration,otherwise bead-on-string structures would be produced.the diameter of deposition dots increases with the increasing of supply rate,and decreases with the increasing of PEO solution concentration and the frequency increasing of needle.By changing the speed of collector,different morphologies of depositions can be obtained.In addition,the deposition frequency has a close relationship with the retractable frequency of needle.中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2010121039);国家自然科学基金(51035002;50875222

盐生植物盐角草对中肋骨条藻的生长抑制

利用盐生植物抑制藻类生长是防治海洋赤潮发生的一种新兴技术.本文以中国近海典型赤潮原因种中肋骨条藻为对象,研究了滩涂盐生植物盐角草对藻生长的影响及其机制,并利用高效液相色谱技术分析潜在的抑藻物质.共培养实验结果显示,在营养盐充足的条件下,盐角草能够显著抑制中肋骨条藻的生长,降低藻生长水体叶绿素A(CHlA)浓度.除盐角草根系水提物之外,其余3种有机相提取物均能抑制藻的生长,改变藻细胞大小,并且影响单个细胞的CHlA含量.各种有机相提取物的抑制作用具有浓度效应,随浓度升高抑制作用增强;以甲醇相提取物效果最明显,其次是正丁醇和氯仿相提取物.经高效液相色谱分析,在甲醇相提取物中鉴定出2种黄酮化合物——芦丁和槲皮素-3-β-d-葡萄糖甙.其中芦丁对中肋骨条藻的生长具有一定的抑制作用,其抑制效果随芦丁浓度的升高而增强,随藻细胞初始接种密度的升高而减弱.结果表明,盐角草能够抑制中肋骨条藻的生长,芦丁作为盐角草的代谢产物之一有望成为新的抑藻剂.中科院知识创新重要方向项目(批准号:KSCX2-EW-J-1);国家高新技术研究发展计划(批准号:2007AA091704)资

Clinical analysis of perimenopausal women presenting initially with dry eye symptom

目的探讨围绝经期妇女的干眼症状与干眼病诊断的相关性。方法分析56例具有干眼症状的围绝经期妇女眼部检查的临床资料,观察主诉为干眼症状患者的干眼病确诊率及其关系。结果56例以干眼症状为主要表现的围绝经期妇女,确诊水液缺乏型干眼17例(30.4%),蒸发过强型干眼12例(21.4%),混合型干眼8例(14.3%);不能诊断干眼病的19例(33.9%),最终诊断为围绝经期综合征。结论围绝经期妇女干眼病确诊率较高(66.1%),但部分干眼症状可以只是围绝经期综合征的精神神经症状的一种表现,临床诊断干眼应慎重。 【英文摘要】 Objective Diagnosis and treatment of dry eye are important for improving living quality.Present paper was to investigate the correlation between dry eye manifestations and diagnosis of dry eye disease in perimenopausal women.MethodsThe clinical data of 56 perimenopausal women presenting initially with dry eye symptoms including ocular symptoms,slit-lamp examination,tear film break-up time,basal and reflex Schirmer test,vital staining(fluorescence and rose bangle),and meibomian gland dysfunction examination ..

The Circuit Design of Piezoelectric Jetting Dispensing Control System

基于新型压电式点胶头采用的双压电陶瓷的推挽驱动作为胶体喷射的作用机制,设计并搭建了压电式喷射点胶控制系统,完成了硬件与软件模块的组装调试,实现对下压电陶瓷信号的频率、占空比、幅值、上压电陶瓷信号幅值的连续可调,具备人机交互、清洗、喷射点数可调等功能。经测试,系统各参数达到预定指标,频率显示误差:±1.2 Hz;占空比显示误差:±1%;幅值显示误差:±8 MV。在驱动方波电压200 V、频率65 Hz、占空比20%、喷嘴直径250μM、供料压力4 bAr、喷射高度3.5 MM的条件下,得到平均直径为1.07 MM左右的喷射胶滴,一致性误差为±2%。According to the working principle of newly piezoelectric dispensing head,which using the pushed driving of double piezoelectric ceramic for colloform jetting,we design and establish this piezoelectric jetting dispensing control system.Meanwhile,package the hardware and debug the software,achieve the goal that frequency,duty cycle and amplitude of the lower piezoelectric ceramic signal,amplitude of the upper piezoelectric ceramic signal can be continuously adjusted.The system has the function of man-machine interaction,cleaning,regulating injection points,and so on.After tested,all of the system parameters can meet the presupposed index,with the frequency display error: ±1.2 Hz,duty cycle display error: ±1%,amplitude display error: ±8 mV.Under the condition that voltage of the driving squarewave 200 V,frequency 65 Hz,duty cycle 20%,diameter of nozzle 250 μm,pressure 4 bar,height of jetting 3.5 mm,we get the jetting drops with an average diameter of 1.07 mm,and its conformity error ±2%.中央高校基金科研业务费专项资金资助项目(2010121039