体育游戏对幼儿身体素质影响的实验研究

1问题的提出现代社会的发展使生活方式和生活内容却发生了巨大的变化,互联网和电子产品的使用使人们足不出户就可以购物娱乐和了解世界。信息时代在给人们带来极大便利的同时,也产生了许多负面影响。尤其对于少年儿童而言,沉溺于电子产品和网络游戏,缺乏户外活

锂同学的成长之路

将锂元素比拟成化学世界的一位小姑娘,讲述了她被人类发现后如何逐渐拓展应用的领域,成为世界瞩目的明星金属元素的故事。文章用生动的语言介绍了锂元素的物理、化学性质,让读者在阅读中轻松理解相关知识,了解锂独特的美。“化学学科拔尖学生培养试验计划”学生科研能力培养探

磷小姐升职记

将磷元素拟人化,通过生动的语言,讲述了她在生命体内的作用以及在人类生活中的应用,让磷元素的生理功能以及应用更简单易懂,使读者体会到磷元素独特的美。“化学学科拔尖学生培养试验计划”学生科研能力培养探

Compositional Quantitation and Brand Identification of Beer via NMR Approach Combined with Multivariate Statistical Analysis

利用核磁共振技术检测福建产青岛、雪花、雪津麦之初和惠泉一麦等4种不同品牌啤酒的化学组分,结合多元统计方法分析不同啤酒的主成分差异,获得麦芽糖、葡萄糖、丙氨酸、乙酸等26种主要差异组分。并结合2种重要风味物质甘氨酸、丙酮酸,定量分析这28种主要成分,获得不同类型啤酒之间的组成差异及它们对啤酒风味的影响;进而建立啤酒的Fisher判别模型,实现不同品牌啤酒的鉴别。本研究可以检测不同来源啤酒样品的差异化学成分及含量,又可为其他酒类的鉴定分类提供参考。In this study, the chemical components of four beer samples of different brands including Tsingtao, Snow, Xuejin and Huiquan were quantitatively analyzed using NMR spectroscopy, and their differential components were identified by multivariate statistical analysis. 26 differential components were obtained, including maltose, glucose, alanine and organic acids. Quantitative analysis of the 26 components plus 2 important flavoring components glycine and pyruvate acid were carried out to confirm the compositional differences between these four kinds of beer and to understand their influence on the special flavor of beer. Furthermore, Fisher classification discriminant model was successfully established for the identification of beer of different brands. This study provided a new method to detect the chemical components and their content in beer of different brands, and a useful reference for the classification of other alcoholic drinks.国家自然科学基金项目(31372546,81371639);; 福建省自然科学基金项目(2014J01247,2015Y0032);; 中央高校基本科研业务费项目(20720150018

基于插值细分的机械臂手眼标定算法

由于固定视点下的工作平面大、相机畸变明显且采集环境复杂,机械臂与相机之间坐标耦合的标定精度不够,为解决该问题,提出一种对图像坐标系与机械臂基坐标系进行直接标定的方法.该方法通过对采集到的标定点进行插值细分拟合畸变曲线来消除相机畸变,构建图像坐标系与机械臂基坐标系的直接转换关系.该方法规避了传统算法中过度依赖相机位姿矫正、畸变矫正等算法导致的误差问题,实现了平均误差在1mm以内的高效率、高精度手眼标定.国家自然科学基金（61627805

对用电抄核收工作的管理要点的分析

目前我国的供电企业的电费回收，一般是经过抄、核、收三个环节，这三个环节管理是基层电力企业的一项重要工作，是电费回收的关键工作。然而随着人们对电的需求不断增大，对于基层的电力企业的电费回收成为了电力企业经营的关注问题，因此，在经济快速发展的时代，探索合适电力企业的电费回收方式，有利于基层电力企业的电费回收，促进电力企业的和谐、健康发展。</jats:p

Effect of Fluoride and Cerium Hydrolysis of Tricalcium Phosphate and Anti-acid Property of Its Hydrolysate

[中文文摘]研究了不同浓度的F- 和Ce3 +对磷酸三钙 (Ca3 (PO4) 2 ,TCP)的水解过程和水解产物的影响。XRD及IR实验结果表明 ,TCP在NaF溶液中的水解产物为羟基磷灰石 (Ca1 0 (PO4) 6(OH) 2 ,HAP)和氟基磷灰石 (Ca1 0 (PO4) 6F2 ,FAP)的混合物。氟离子浓度越高 ,FAP的含量越多。TCP水解过程的pH值变化随氟离子的起始浓度不同而不同。氟离子浓度越高 ,pH值越低。TCP在CeCl3 溶液中的水解产物为铈取代的羟基磷灰石 (CexCa1 0 -y(PO4) 6-z(OH) 2 ,Ce HAP)。溶解实验表明 ,氟处理比铈处理更有效地增强了TCP水解产物的抗酸性。当F -浓度为 0 1%或Ce3 +浓度为 5× 10 - 2 %时 ,TCP水解产物的抗酸性最强。[英文文摘]The effect of concentration of fluoride and cerium on the hydrolyses and hydrolysate of tricalcium phosphate (Ca_3(PO_4)_2, TCP) in aqueous solution was investigated. A pH-static method was used to estimate the dissolution properties of TCP and its hydrolysate. The crystal structure of the hydrolysate was determined using XRD and IR. The results reveal that the hydrolysate of TCP in NaF solution is the mixture of hydroxyapatite (Ca_ 10(PO_4)_6(OH)_2, HAP) and fluorinapatite (Ca_ 10(PO_4)_6F_2, FAP). The amount of FAP increases as the concentration of fluoride increases. The variety tendency of pH when TCP hydrolyzes is different with different initial concentration of fluoride. The hydrolysate of TCP in CeCl3 solutions is Ce-hydroxyapatite （Cex Ca10- y(PO4)6-z (OH)2 , Ce-HAP) of which calcium is replaced partly by cerium. The dissolution experiments reveal that treatment with fluoride enhances the anti-acid property of TCP more efficiently than treatment with cerium. When fluoride concentration is 0.1% or creium concentration is 5 ×10-2 %, the hydrolysate of TCP shows excellent anti-acid property.国家计委科研项目; 福建省自然科学基金资助项目(E0 010003)

Effects of Cerium and Combination of Fluoride and Cerium on Hydrolysis of CaHPO_4·2H_2O

[中文文摘]以XRD和IR为表征手段 ,以恒pH法为溶解实验方法 ,研究了 37℃下以铈单独处理和氟铈联用处理对二水磷酸氢钙 (CaHPO4 ·2H2 O ,DCPD)的水化产物及其溶解性质的影响。Ce3+ 不能促进DCPD向磷灰石转化 ,氟铈联用可加快DCPD的转化。随着Ce3+ 浓度的提高 ,DCPD经含Ce溶液单独处理后的产物主要为CaHPO4 (DCPA) +Ce(PO4 )和Ce(PO4 )。DCPD经氟铈联用处理后的产物主要为DCPA +(Ca2 + ,Ce3+ ) 1 0 -x(PO4 ) 6 -yF2 (F Ce HAP) +Ce(PO4 )和F Ce HAP +Ce(PO4 )。经 1%CeCl3溶液单独处理后的DCPD的抗酸能力已有显著提高。氟铈联用促进溶解度更低的F Ce HAP的形成 ,因此效果优于铈单独处理 ,有可能成为一种有效的防龋方法。[英文文摘]The characteristics of the hydrolyzate of calcium hydrogen phosphate (CaHPO 4·2H 2O, DCPD) under 37 ℃ was investigated when it hydrolyzed in solutions containing cerium alone, and in NaF solution, followed by CeCl 3 solutions of different cerium ion concentration. The crystal structure of the hydrolyzate was determined using XRD and IR. A pH static method was used to estimate the dissolution properties of DCPD and its hydrolyzate. Cerium can not transform DCPD into apatite and the combination with fluoride can improve the transformation of DCPD.With the increasing of cerium ion concentration , the hydrolyzate of DCPD in cerium solutions is CaHPO4 +Ce（PO4）and Ce（PO4）, respectively; and in cerium and fluoride solutions is CaHPO4 + F-Ce-HAP[（Ca2+ ,Ce3+)10-x(PO4)6- yF2+Ce(PO4)] and F-Ce-HAP +Ce(PO4)，respectively.The antiacid ability is improved greatly when DCPD hydrolyzes in 1% CeCl3 solution. The result reveals that a combination of fluoride and cerium has a stronger inhibination of fouoride and cerium has a stronger inhibitory effect on dissolution of DCPD as F-Ce-HAP is less resolvable than Ce-HAP.So it can be concluded that combination of fluride and cerium may be an effective anticaries method.福建省自然科学基金资助项目 (E001003) ; 国家计委资助项目

Effect of sodium fluoride solution on the hydrolysis of CaHPO_4·2H_2O and the solubility of its hydrolysate

[中文文摘]降低牙矿物质的溶解度是防止龋齿的重要方法之一 .氟对于羟基磷灰石 ( HAP)溶解度影响的研究已有报道 ,然而氟对于牙矿物质中的其它基本成分 ,如二水磷酸氢钙 ( DCPD)等溶解度的影响则研究较少 .本文以 XRD、SEM等为表征手段 ,研究了 37℃下 DCPD在不同浓度的 Na F溶液中水解时的 p H、氟离子浓度变化规律及转化产物 ,并与 HAP在相同条件下的结果进行对比 .以恒 p H的方法对 DCPD、HAP及其转化产物的溶解性质进行比较 .实验结果表明 ,DCPD在 Na F溶液中水解的产物随着氟浓度的提高依次为 :无水磷酸氢钙 ( DCPA)、DCPA+氟基磷灰石 ( FAP)、FAP、FAP+Ca F2 .恒定 p H测定的溶解曲线表明 ,经氟处理后的磷酸钙盐的抗酸能力得到了显著的改善.[英文文摘]Decrease of the solubility of the mineral phases of teeth will aid in preventing caries. The effect of fluoride ion on the solubility of hydroxyapatite (Ca 10 (PO 4) 6(OH) 2, HAP) has been well reported. However, the effect of fluoride ion on the solubility of the calcium hydrogen phosphate (CaHPO 4·2H 2O, DCPD) was not very clear. DCPD is one of the precursors of hydroxyapatite and the important inorganic compositions in teeth as well. The purpose of this study was to investigate the hydrolysis characteristic of DCPD and HAP in NaF solutions.The variations of pH of DCPD hydrolysis in NaF solutions of concentration ranging from 1×10- 6 to 5 000×10 - 6 were determ ined by a pH electrode under 37 ℃. The crystal structure and morphology of the hydrolysate was determ ined using XRD and SEM,respectively. When the fluoride ion concentration in the solution was lower than 5000×10 - 6,the pH at equilibrium decreased with the increase of fluoride ion concentration in the solution.However due to the formation of CaF2 pH increased to a high valuewhen the fluoride ion concentration in the solution was 5 000×10 - 6.The XRD diffraction patterns indicated that with the increasing of fluoride ion concentration hydrolysate was CaHPO4, CaHPO4+Ca10(PO4 )6 F2, Ca10(PO4)6F2 ,Ca10 (PO4)6 F2,and Ca10(PO4)F2 + CaF2, respectively.At low fluoride ion concentration the fluoride uptake was very close to the whole amount of the fluoride in the initial solution. A pH-statmethodwas used to assess the dissolution propertiesofDCPD and its hydrolysate. From the solution curves it can be concluded that the calcium phosphates became more resistant to acid than they did before the fluoridation.国家自然科学基金 (29873039) ; 福建省自然科学基金(E0010003); 国家教育部留学回国人员基金

金属-聚合物复合材料中的宽频水下强吸声机理研究

水下吸声材料需要在宽频范围内具有强的声吸收性质,为了满足这一要求,发展了一种新的金属-聚合物基复合材料。在基体材料中埋入局域共振单元,利用单元尺寸比相应声波波长小两个数量级的特性来实现宽频声吸收。此外,还构筑了互穿网络结构增强了单元之间的物理连接,这种结构使材料中的强多重散射和宽共振模式进一步获得提升。实验和理论结果表明,这种将局域共振单元和互穿网络结构协同效应相结合的复合材料可以获得优异的水下吸声性能