福建邵武将石地区维管束植物区系分析

福建邵武将石地区的植物区系处于泛北极植物区,中国-日本森林植物亚区的华东地区,有维管束植物173科461属915种(含种下单位).该区植物种类丰富,具有许多珍稀、古老、孑遗植物成分.在科、属水平上对其区系特征进行了分析,结果表明:热带分布类型的科占绝对优势,共77科,占53.1%;温带分布类型有37科,占25.5%;属的区系成分中,属的热带分布类型计197属,占区总属数的52.2%,温带分布类型共有169属,占44.9%.可见该植物区系的热带、亚热带成分占主导地位,温带成分次之.聚类分析结果表明该地区种子植物区系成分和庐山自然保护区关系最为密切,鼎湖山自然保护区次之,和五台山自然保护区的差异较大,这主要由它们生态地理条件、区系成分组成的差异所决定

The measurement of dynamic piezoelectricity response of bone

测量应力波在骨内传播时骨的压电电位响应是困难的，困难之处在于电位参考点的选定，电位参考点必须是一个电位保持恒定的点，当应力波在骨内部传播时，应力波传及的部位都会产生压电电位变化，不存在电位保持恒定的部位，本文利用屏蔽内电位恒定的特点，将参考点移出骨试件选在屏蔽层上，解决了上述困难。测出了骨的压电电位响应，测试结果表明压电电位决定于应力梯度而不是应力，而且骨受拉伸时其压电电位（绝对值）大于受压缩时的压电电位

Anatomical study of xeromorphism of leaves in cutting for five brushes in Yan an region

选取角质层厚度,栅栏组织厚度/海绵组织厚度,第一层栅栏组织细胞密集度,侧维管束密度,主脉厚度作为叶片旱生结构指标,对比观测了5种灌木的抗旱性能。方差分析结果显示5种灌木角质层厚度、侧维管束密度和主脉厚度均具极显著差异,多重比较显示5种灌木主脉厚度两两间差异均显著,白刺花、沙棘和文冠果叶子的角质层厚度差异不明显,黄刺玫与虎榛子之间角质层厚度差异明显;而白刺花、沙棘、文冠果与黄刺玫和虎榛子之间差异显著。用非加权指数法对树种抗旱性能大小排序结果为:白刺花>文冠果>沙棘>虎榛子>黄刺玫

Current Statistical Machine Translation Research in China

2005年7月13日至15日,中国科学院自动化研究所、计算技术研究所和厦门大学计算机系联合举办了我国首届统计机器翻译研讨班。本文主要介绍本次研讨班参加单位的测试系统和实验结果,并给出相应的分析。测试结果表明,我国的统计机器翻译研究起步虽晚,但已有快速进展,参评系统在短期内得到了较好的翻译质量,与往年参加863评测的基于规则方法的系统相比性能虽还有差距,但差距已经不大。从目前国际统计机器翻译研究的现状和发展趋势来看,随着数据资源规模的不断扩大和计算机性能的迅速提高,统计机器翻译还有很大的发展空间。在未来几年内,在基于短语的主流统计翻译方法中融入句法、语义信息,必将成为机器翻译发展的趋势。Institute of Automation,Institute of Computing Technology of Chinese Academy of Sciences,and Department of Computer Science of Xiamen University held the first Statistical Machine Translation Workshop in China together,from July 13th to 15th in 2005.This paper describes the tested systems of involved institutions,and analyzes the results of their experiments.The test results show that although the research of statistical machine translation started late in China,it develops rapidly.The tested systems got quite good results in a short period.Compared with the rule-based systems reported in the formal "863"evaluation,the performance is somewhat lower;however,the difference is small.According to the state of art and the trend of international statistic machine translation research,we believe that there is still great space for the improvement of statistic machine translation,with larger-scale data resources and more powerful hardware.In near future,phrase-based method incorporated with syntax and semantic information will become the mainstream of statistical machine translation.国家自然科学基金资助项目(60272041

Research and Development of Biopesticide in Supporting the Related Industrial Development (II)

本研究計畫主要目的在於以群體團隊力量發展生物農藥資源與專門技術,建立標的微生物製劑及其附加產品之量產與製劑系統,以支持並強化台灣本土性生物農藥產業的發展;在未來一年半計畫中擬進行之工作,大致有下列四項: 1. 病害防治用微生物及天然物配方之發展應用, 2. 真菌性殺蟲劑之發展應用, 3. 蟲生真菌綠殭菌(Nomuraea riley)之發展應用, 4. 建立黑殭菌(Metarhizium anisopliae)孢子自動分離及收集系統以供真菌性殺蟲劑之製作應用.擬發展之標的微生物包括Streptomyces sioyaensis PMS 502分離株、Gliocladium virens G8分離株、Trichoderma spp. YT3分離株、Pseudomonas putida YLFP14分離株、Verticillium lecanii、N. rileyi及M. anisopliae之MA-805與MA-126分離株.在量產含放線菌等標的拮抗細菌方面,將建立生產以休眠狀態菌體或含抗生物質培養液為主的液態發酵標準生產流程;針對標的真菌菌株之生產方面,二階段半固態發酵法將用以生產真菌之分生孢子,並進一步發展此些孢子之收集系統與劑型之改良,擬發展之劑型包括粉劑、乳劑及噴霧乾燥之粒劑,另一方面,篩選增強標的微生物製劑生物活性或延長其櫥架壽命之添加劑或方法亦為本研究計畫發展重點,此些試做產品樣本均將經生物活性、安定性以及所預期在田間實際施用之保護效果等測試.過去兩年來,本研究團隊部份研究成果中,已成功研發兩項病害防治用微生物製劑劑型,並已經農委會將建立好之技術移轉給2家國內私人產業進行商業化量產,在所擬具的未來延續工作中,發展成功一至二項可供技術移轉產業應用之生物農藥劑型將為吾人繼續努力之主要目標.The main objectives of this proposed team effort is to develop the resources and knowhows, and to establish ready-to-spin-off biotechniques and mass production and formulation systems to support and enforce the industrial biopesticide development in Taiwan. The proposed works to be carried out in the coming year are organized into four parts: 1. Development and practical application of microbial and natural products as disease control agents; 2. Development and practical application of fungal insecticides; 3. Development and practical application of green muscardine fungus Nomuraea rileyi; and 4. Establishment of automated spore separation and collection system for production of Metarhizium anisopliae as mycoinsecticides. The targeted microbial organisms include Streptomyces sioyaensis PMS 502 isolate, Gliocladium virens isolate G8, Trichoderma spp. isolate YT3, Pseudomonas putida isolate YLFP14, Verticillium lecanii, N. rileyi, M. anisopliae isolates MA-805 and MA-126. For the mass production of bacterial isolates (include the actinomycete members), standard operation protocol (SOP) for the liquid fermentation production of the resting stage biomass and/or antibiotic-metabolite-containing culture broth will be established. For the targeted fungal isolates, the semi-solid fermentation system will be established for the production of reproductive fungal spores; and the system for spore collection and formulation will be extensively explored. The attempted formulation includes powder, emulsion and spray-dried granules. Additives and methodologies effective in enhancing the biological activity of, and/or extending the shelf-life of the attempted product are both to be extensively explored subjects. All the attempted sample product will be tested for the biological activity, the stability, and as well the expected plant protection performance in practical application. During the past 2 years, efforts from part of this work team have successfully developed 2 biopesticide formulations useful for disease control. And the established techniques have been transferred to 2 local private enterprises for commercialization. In the continued effort proposed, additional 1 to 2 biopesticide formulation ready for technique transfer to private industry are the prime goal of the group effort

骨生长和骨折愈合的生物力学研究

应力或应变对骨生长和骨折愈合起着十分重要的作用,国内外已经形成了研究的热点。本文介绍了自1976年以来的1/4世纪中,我们几个单位合作在对骨生长和骨折愈合的生物力学研究中的进展,并介绍了两个应力与生长研究有启发性的定性实验,最后展望了由应力对人长高的控制和得到骨折愈合施加最佳应力的可能性

Technical Development and Research Improvement in Biological Control of Plant Pests (II)

環保意識的抬頭與人類對食品安全的關注,使得農作物病蟲害的生物防治工作受到社會大眾的重視,因此,本計畫目的在於研發作物病蟲害生物防治策略,以便能有效在農業生態體系中推展應用.本計畫涵蓋有九個子計畫,它們個別的工作目標如下:即 (1) 由夏威夷引進銀葉粉蝨的天敵Encarsia pergandiella, E. hispida及E. mineoi,探討它們防蟲之功效與飼養、檢疫等工作; (2) 探討斑潛蠅發生生態,調查本土現有斑潛蠅之天敵種類及引進有效的寄生性天敵,作為生物防治之用; (3) 評估黑殭菌各菌株致病力與抗環境逆境;利用黑殭菌DNA多元性特定條帶作出DNA-probe,供田間生態及施用存活調查; (4) 探討大量飼育捕植蹣類天敵,建立捕植對卵孢子發芽、感染與傳播的影響;施用增產菌FG-1菌株與滅達樂,以期延緩病害發生與促進薑株生長; (6) 利用本地產蟲生線蟲(Steinernema abbasi),研發出適合台灣蔬菜害蟲之安全有效的生物防治技術; (7) 觀察飼育紅點唇瓢蟲之基本需求,評估其生物防治梨圓介殼蟲之潛力; (8) 利用生物分析法篩選具有抑制病原菌的作物殘渣與植體,並輔以HPLC或GC分析它們所含有的硫配糖體種類及分解產物,藉以瞭解各分解產物的殺菌與抑菌功效; (9) 針對本地種蟲生線蟲Steinernema abbasi對蔬菜主要害蟲如小菜蛾、白粉蝶、大菜螟及菜心螟蟲的致病力進行生物檢定與施用技術.Biological control of plant pests has received considerable attention throughout the world, drawing momentum from the growing public concern regarding the widespread use of hazardous chemicals in pest control. In order to develop and apply biocontrol strategies in agriecosystem, the objectives of this project including nine sub-projects are (1) to import a whitefly parasitoids, Encarsia pergandiella, E. hispida and E. mineoi from Hawaii and study their efficacy on controlling the silver leaf whitefly; (2) to study the distribution, occurrence, seasonal abundance, population dynamics and damage of leafminers in southern area and test the basic biology, parasitic rates of introduced parasitoids; (3) to screen Metarhizium anisopliae strains having high entomopathogenicity, more resistant against UV light and the fungicides; to analyze the genetic diversity and relationship of the tested green mascardine fungi by using electrophoretic fingerprinting; (4) to develop biocontrol technologies of the spider mites with their predaceous mites, which depends upon the availble mass rearing skills and their lowering costs determined by the design of artificial rearing arena and supplemental foods; (5) to study the ecology of ginger soft rotdisease including the transmission of the disease through seed ginger; the temperature effect on the oospore germination, infection and spreading. Also, to study the use of both metalaxyl and YIB (yield increasing bacteria) isolate Fg-1 to delay the disease development and increase the plant growth; (6) to investigate biological control of vegetable pests using the indigenous species, Steinernema abbasi, in safe and effective control measures; (7) to study the basic rearing requirement for Chilocorus kuwanae and to provide a preliminary assessment of its potential as a biological agent of the San Jose Scale, Quadraspidiotus perniciosus; (8) to determine the effect of volatile compound released from leaf and seed of Brassica species on the natural isothiocynate fumigant for integrated control of crop soilborne diseases; (9) to develop a vermiculite, formulation of Steinernema abbasi to control four vegetable pests, such as diamondback moth, imported cabbageworm, cabbage pyralid and cabbage webworm