光伏发电市场,政策仍需发力

光伏发电是利用半导体界面的光伏效应将太阳能辐射转变为电能的技术。与常规化石能源发电相比,光伏发电有零排放、不耗水、太阳能资源不枯竭等优势;与风电等其它可再生能源相比,有应用性更广、运行维护费用低、使用寿命长的优势。自上世纪70年代中期始,美、日率先制定政策鼓励光伏发电应用;本世纪以来,由德国

台湾的电力短缺:基于电力供需形势的分析

2017年8月15日,台湾岛内发生18年以来最严重的停电事故,其背后的实际原因是电力短缺。本文在研究台湾电力供需现状的基础上,通过构建电力需求的非线性模型预测未来的电力需求,分析台湾未来可能面临的电力供需矛盾。在此基础上,结合台湾的电力短缺事故分析当前台湾能源政策对电力短缺的影响。结果表明,台湾未来将面临严峻的电力供需形势,且电力供需缺口将持续至2026年。因此,制定能源政策应考虑\"电力先行\"的发展战略,并遵循专业科学的原则统筹规划,以保证稳定性和持续性。国家自然科学基金项目“包容性增长视角下的‘一带一路’能源基础设施投资研究:宏观经济影响及动态优化布局”(71704148);国家自然科学基金项目“居民家庭绿色低碳行为研究”(71573217);;\n中国博士后科学基金特别资助“低碳约束下能源基础设施的宏观经济影响及区域布局研究”(2018T110641

中国家庭基本用电需求测算

我国自2012年实施居民生活用电阶梯式电价政策以来,关于如何设定阶梯电价第一档电量仍然存在诸多讨论。本文尝试运用最小终端法构建家庭用电需求模型,基于2012年和2016年中国家庭追踪调查数据估计我国城乡家庭基本用电需求量。结果表明:2012年的中国家庭基本用电需求量低于2016年,农村的家庭基本用电需求量低于城市,反映了中国家庭用电需求还处于一个快速上升的阶段,且具有城乡差异;对典型气候区代表省市进行估计,并与当地现行阶梯电价标准进行比较,可以发现,2012年我国阶梯电价第一档电量标准普遍设定偏高,但2016年部分地区第一档电量标准可能反而设定偏低。因此,阶梯电价的设定应该因地制宜,根据实际地区社会经济发展情况和人民生活水平进行适时动态调整,以实现其收入再分配和促进节能的政策目标。陕西省软科学研究计划项目“智能电网条件下西安市居民家庭用户分终端电力需求侧管理的成本收益研究”(2015KRM143);;国家自然科学基金项目“居民家庭绿色低碳行为研究”(71573217)的阶段性成

Research on siderophore secreted by Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu under iron-limited conditions

在铁限制条件下,进行东海原甲藻分泌铁载体的动态研究。对藻类在富铁与缺铁条件下生长状况、生长过程中分泌铁载体的情况以及海藻接种量对铁载体分泌的影响进行了连续观测,结果表明:东海原甲藻在缺铁条件下生长状况远不如在富铁条件下;随着藻类的生长,分泌铁载体不断增多,达指数生长期时,其分泌量也达到了最大值,之后藻类的生长和铁载体分泌都呈现下降趋势;高接种量东海原甲藻能分泌较多的铁载体,并在较短时间到达峰值。Under iron-limited conditions,marine microorganisms are able to secrete low-molecular-weight,highly specific iron chelators termed siderophores.These compounds scavenge iron from protein complexes or insoluble hydroxides in the extracellular environment and transport it to the cell cytosol via a membrane-bound receptor protein in the microorganism.Iron is a necessary requirement in marine ecosystems.Therefore research on siderophores is very significant to interpretation of high nitrate low chlorophyll(HNLC) regions and iron hypothesis.However,it is not clear whether eukaryotic phytoplankton can produce the iron-specific chelating compounds.Therefore,a systematic investigation was carried out for siderophore secreted by P.donghaiense Lu under iron-limited conditions.Parameters studied included the growth of the algae in iron-added and iron-deficient medium,the secretion of siderophore during algae growth,and the effect of algae population inoculated on the siderophore production.Results showed that the algae growth rate in iron-deficient medium was slower than those in iron-rich medium.Under iron-limited conditions,the siderophore production increased along with algae growth.Maximum production was observed in the exponential growth period.Thereafter the rate of algae growth and siderophore secretion started to decrease.Furthermore,increasing algae populationt resulted in secreting more siderophore and shortening the time needed to reach maximum production.国家高技术研究发展计划资助项目(2001AA635040);; 国家海洋局青年基金资助项目(2005102);; 国家重点基础研究发展规划资助项目(2001CB409702);; 青岛市科技将材计划资助项目~

蒿芩清胆汤及其拆方对湿热型流感病毒性肺炎及NF-κB水平的作用研究

目的:通过观察蒿芩清胆汤及其拆方对湿热型流感病毒性肺炎及NF-κB的干预作用,以期探讨其治疗机制。方法:通过气候仓、肥甘饮食加流感病毒滴鼻感染造模成功后,蒿芩清胆汤及其拆方组以相应中药干预,比较各组肺指数、光镜下病变程度半定量、肺组织NF-κB mRNA表达水平。结果:蒿芩清胆汤及其拆方均能不同程度降低肺指数、肺部病理改变及NF-κB mRNA表达水平,其中全方效果最佳。结论:蒿芩清胆汤具有抗湿热型流感病毒性肺炎的作用,其机制可能与抑制NF-κB活化从而减少其下游炎性细胞因子分泌,截断"炎症瀑布"效应有关

让城市总体规划更有用

今天这场学术对话的主题是\"让城市总体规划更有用\"。城市总体规划是一个城市全局性、综合性规划,在统筹城乡发展、优化空间开发格局、合理配置空间资源、保障公共利益等方面发挥着战略引领和刚性控制作用,是城市重要的公共政策和指导城市建设的法定依据。无论从城乡规划法律的制度设计还是从城市总体规划的属性来看

The Investment, Technological Change and Energy Conservation in China’s Industries

本文研究工业投资、技术变迁和工业节能的关系问题。上世纪90年代中期以来,r&d投资诱发的节能型内生技术变迁是降低中国工业能源强度的重要动力,但作用弱于能源价格相对提高。蕴含于物质资本中的物化技术变迁偏向能源使用,依靠资本设备投资拉动的工业经济增长方式与降低能源强度的目标并不相容。内生技术变迁有明显的节能效应,持续加大科技投入是解决工业经济增长和节能目标之间矛盾的一个重要手段。This article discusses the interaction among investment, technological changes and energy intensity in China’s indus- trial sector.The primary force that has driven China’s industrial energy intensity to decline since the mid-1990s is the factor substitution caused by price changes, followed by endogenous technological change induced by R&D investment.The embodied technological change is energy-using biased, implying that the industrial growth driven by investment in physical capital is incompatible with energy saving.Increasing investment in R&D is an effective way to resolve the contradiction between industries’sustainable growth and energy saving since the endogenous technological change is energy-saving biased.国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目资助(项目批准号:71203187

The Intensive Growth of Industry and Its Engines

利用资本、能源和劳动三要素随机前沿成本模型对中国工业成本节约之源进行研究,将成本变动分解为技术进步、价格调整、效率改进与规模变动效应。规模扩大是推动2000—2007年工业成本增长的首要因素,其次是价格调整效应。技术进步和效率改进共同推动节约型增长,前者对节约型增长的影响更广泛、深入。主要依靠技术进步实现节约型增长,是新世纪以来工业增长的重要特征。效率改进提供的额外动力使轻工业成为节约型工业增长的先导部门。This article adopts a stochastic frontier cost function to study the sources of growth in Chinese industries.The driving force of cost variation is decomposed into four factors.We find that scale expansion is the primary factor that drives the industrial costs up,followed by price adjustments.Technological progress and efficiency improvement lower the industrial costs.And the impact of the former factor is more pervasive.Since the new millennium,the growth of Chinese industries has been mostly driven by technological progress.Benefiting from the efficiency improvement,light industry is leading the industrial growth of China

China’s Electricity Demand under Urbanization Process and Pollutant Emissions by Power Sector

中国快速的城市化进程大致将在2020年告一段落，进入中等收入国家。迄今为止，关于电力需求的研究忽略了城市化对电力需求的影响。为取得可靠的电力需求预测，通过引入城市化这个重要因素，本文利用面板数据模型对中国电力需求做了研究预测。研究表明，中国现阶段的电力需求与城市化高度相关，城市化进程及其中表现出的工业化特征推动了电力需求快速增长。预计2020年人均电力需求5000千瓦时左右。未来中国电力需求增长必然会呈现一些发达国家城市化进程中所展现的特征。电力增长必须解决发展与环境的协调问题。从以火电为主转向发展新能源发电，可直接减少对煤炭资源的依赖和环境压力。然而，受限于新能源发电的高成本、低电价和技术制...The rapid urbanization process in China will likely end in 2020 and China will then become a middle income country. Previous studies in related literature on electricity demand gave no consideration on the role of urbanization process. To obtain reliable China’s power demand forecast, this paper first introduces factor of urbanization into the model of electricity demand and use the method of nonl...学位：经济学博士院系专业：经济学院金融系_金融工程学号：1562006015307

Impact of Infrastructure on Regional Economic Growth and The Energy Consumption:An Empirical Analysis Regarding Power Grid

本文利用地区面板数据和基于利润函数,考察电网基础设施的能耗效应、产出效应及其地区差异。主要发现是,电网基础设施的发展促进了地区经济增长,增加了地区能源消费,其能耗效应和产出效应有显著的地区差异。在西部地区,电网设施的经济增长效应明显大于能耗效应,电网投资向西部倾斜有利于减缓整体能源消费增长,电网投资优化是控制能源消费总量的一个重要方面。尽管如此,市场化的价格机制仍是抑制能源消费增长过快的根本途径。Under a framework of profit function,this paper examines the impact of power grid on regional energy consumption and economic growth.The major findings are:grid development promoted both regional economy and energy consumption,but the impacts were significantly different among regions.In particular,in the western provinces the impact on economic growth was greater than that on energy consumption,implying that grid investment inclined to the west could be conducive to decelerating Chinas total energy consumption.However,while optimal allocation of grid investment is important to control total energy consumption,market-based pricing is fundamental in long-term.国家自然科学基金青年项目(71203187)资