Analysis on death causes of liver cancer of inhabitants in Xiamen City from 2002 to 2011

目的了解2002-2011年厦门市居民肝癌死亡趋势、分布特征及寿命损失情况。方法对2002-2011年厦门市肝癌死亡登记资料和人口数据进行统计分析,通过计算死亡率、标化死亡率、年均增长死亡率及寿命损失年等指标,评价居民的肝癌死亡及寿命损失情况。结果 2002-2011年厦门市肝癌年均死亡率为32.70/10万,标化死亡率为34.48/10万,居恶性肿瘤死亡顺位第1位,总体趋势有下降,但差异无统计学意义(2趋势=2.13,P=0.144)。男性、女性、城区、郊区、农村的肝癌年均死亡率均呈下降趋势,但只有郊区下降有统计学意义(2趋势=7.46,P=0.006)。肝癌死亡率比较:农村>城区>郊区,男性死亡率高于女性,差异有统计学意义(2=1 758.80,P<0.001)。肝癌主要危害中老年人群,死亡年龄的中位数为57岁,89.37%的死亡病例发生在40岁以上人群。肝癌潜在寿命损失年为93 378.0人年,平均减寿年数为20.17人年,减寿率为5.74‰,男性和农村居民寿命损失较严重。结论 2002-2011年厦门市肝癌死亡率整体呈下降趋势,但对中老年人群的危害仍很严重,应继续加强防控力度。Objective To gain the knowledge of trends in mortality,distribution characteristics and potential years of life lost caused by liver cancer among Xiamen population from 2002 to 2011.Methods Mortality rate,standardized mortality rate,average annual growth rate of mortality and years of life lost have been employed to evaluate the mortality of liver cancer and years of life lost caused by the disease among population in Xiamen.Results The average annual mortality rate of liver cancer among Xiamen population was 32.70 /105.After the standardization,the rate was ascended to 34.48 /105,ranking in the top of the death causes.Compared to historical data,the mortality rate slightly decreased in total.However,no statistical significance was observed.The average annual mortality rate of male,female,urban,suburban and rural areas were decreased,but only a statistically significant decrease in the suburban was noted.As for the locations,the mortality rate in rural area was the highest,and that of urban area maintained in the second position,and the rate of suburb area was the lowest in Xiamen.The reduction on the average mortality rate among female population was greater than that of its counterparts.We also observed that the reduction was greater in rural areas than in the rest of city.However,the differences were not statistically significant.Liver cancer mainly affected the middle-aged and old population,and the median of death age was 57 years old.Furthermore,89.37% of deaths were reported in the population older than 40 of years.The potential years of life lost caused by liver cancer among Xiamen population was 93 378.0 PY and AYLL was 20.17 PY,and PYLL rate reached 5.74‰.The years of life lost caused by liver cancer among male and rural population are serious.Conclusions The mortality rate of live cancer among Xiamen population between 2002 and 2011 has been declined in general aspect.However,the liver cancer still renders great threat to the health among middle-aged and old population.Therefore,the prevention and control strategy should be further promoted.福建省卫生厅青年科研课题(2010-2-113

沿海产盐区与非产盐区8～10岁儿童碘营养与智力水平分析

目的了解和比较沿海产盐区和非产盐区8~10岁儿童碘营养状况与智力水平,为采取针对性防治措施提供依据。方法选择产盐区翔安区和非产盐区集美区的小学为调查点,8~10岁儿童为调查对象,调查其家中碘盐食用情况、尿碘含量、甲状腺肿大情况和智商水平。结果产盐区和非产盐区儿童合格碘盐食用率分别为81.5%和98.6%;甲状腺肿大率分别为3.0%和0.7%,尿碘中位数分别为202.8μg/L和238.4μg/L,<50μg/L的比例分别为3.5%和1.0%。产盐区8~10岁儿童智商均明显低于非产盐区儿童;产盐区8岁儿童智商明显高于9岁和10岁儿童;非产盐区8岁儿童智商明显高于9岁和10岁儿童,9岁儿童智商明显高于10岁儿童。结论补碘能提高儿童智商,降低智力损害。要坚持食用碘盐,开展对孕妇、哺乳妇的碘营养监测

沿海产盐区与非产盐区妊娠期妇女碘营养状况及甲状腺功能水平分析

目的了解福建沿海产盐区与非产盐区妊娠期妇女碘营养状况及其甲状腺功能水平,为防治碘缺乏病提供科学依据。方法选择产盐区翔安区和非产盐区集美区为调查点,每个点随机抽取60名以上妊娠期妇女作为调查对象,采集孕妇的家中盐样、尿样及血样,分别测定盐碘、尿碘及血清甲状腺激素。结果产盐区与非产盐区孕妇合格碘盐食用率分别为81.69%和100.00%;产盐区与非产盐区孕妇尿碘的中位数分别为120.55μg/L和153.35μg/L,尿碘孕中期>孕晚期;产盐区与非产盐区孕妇的甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(thyroid peroxidase antibody,TPOAb),抗甲状腺球蛋白抗体(antithyroid glubulin antibody,TgAb),总三碘甲状腺原氨酸(total-triiodothyronine,TT3),总甲状腺素(total thyroxine,TT4),游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(free triiodothyronine,FT3),游离甲状腺素(free thyroxine,FT4),促甲状腺激素(thyroid stimulating hormone,TSH),甲状腺球蛋白(tryroglobulin,Tg)中位数均在正常范围,产盐区与非产盐区孕妇的FT3、FT4、TSH之间差异均有统计学意义,产盐区孕妇的FT3、FT4均低于非产盐区,而产盐区孕妇的TSH则高于非产盐区。结论孕妇是易缺碘人群,产盐区孕妇相对非产盐区碘缺乏更为严重。应对孕妇开展常规碘营养和甲状腺功能监测,进一步做好碘营养知识的宣传教育工作,控制碘缺乏病的发生

沿海产盐区与非产盐区18～45岁人群碘营养状况及甲状腺功能水平研究

目的掌握厦门市沿海产盐区与非产盐区居民盐碘、18～45岁人群碘营养和甲状腺功能水平状况,为采取针对性的防治措施提供依据。方法选择沿海产盐区翔安区和非产盐区集美区为调查点,调查居民合格碘盐食用率、18～45岁育龄期妇女和男性尿碘水平、甲状腺激素水平和海带、紫菜的摄入习惯。结果产盐区和非产盐区盐碘中位数均为27.21 mg/kg,合格碘盐食用率分别为95.33%和96.33%;18～45岁男性尿碘中位数分别为206.55μg/L和232.95μg/L,尿碘<100μg/L的比例分别为20.97%和10%;18～45岁育龄期妇女尿碘中位数分别为176.95μg/L和227.70μg/L,尿碘<100μg/L的比例分别为21.67%和25%;产盐区和非产盐区18～45岁男性和育龄期妇女的甲状腺激素TSH、Tg、FT3、FT4、TPOAb、TT3、TT4中位数均在正常值范围内;产盐区18～45岁男性的甲状腺功能亢进阳性率为3.4%、育龄期妇女的甲状腺功能减退和亚临床甲状腺减退症的阳性率均为1.67%,而非产盐区均为0。产盐区和非产盐区18～45岁男性和育龄期妇女中均有一定比例易患甲状腺免疫性疾病的人群。每月食用海带、紫菜的次数≥4次、1～3次和<1次的人尿碘组间比较无统计学差异。结论产盐区和非产盐区18～45岁男性和育龄期妇女碘营养总体处于适宜状态,应坚持食盐加碘措施,对育龄期妇女在婚前体检时开展常规碘营养水平和甲状腺功能检测

椭圆柔性铰链疲劳失效分析与寿命预测

针对柔顺机构中柔性铰链受到交变对称循环载荷的作用下，使柔性铰链最薄弱处容易产生应力集中，导致柔性铰链疲劳失效问题，以柔顺机构中椭圆型柔性铰链为研究对象，以材料力学中纯弯曲理论为基础，推导椭圆柔性铰链切口处最大集中应力计算公式；利用ANSYS仿真分析，对比验证了计算公式的准确性与可行性；在此基础上，通过引入线性回归方法，建立椭圆型柔性铰链寿命预测模型，既可以预测椭圆型柔性铰链的疲劳寿命，也可以解决疲劳失效问题。通过实例验证了该模型的正确性与有效性，可为其他类型柔性铰链的疲劳失效与寿命预测提供重要参考

Si(111)衬底无微裂GaN的MOCVD生长

采用AlN插入层技术在Si(111)衬底上实现无微裂GaN MOCVD生长.通过对GaN外延层的a,c轴晶格常数的测量,得到了GaN所受张应力与AlN插入层厚度的变化关系.当AlN厚度在7～13nm范围内,GaN所受张应力最小,甚至变为压应力.因此,GaN微裂得以消除.同时研究了AlN插入层对GaN晶体质量的影响,结果表明,许多性能相比于没有AlN插入层的GaN样品有明显提高

GaN基肖特基结构紫外探测器

在蓝宝石(0001)衬底上采用低压金属有机物化学气相沉积(MOCVD)方法生长GaN外延层结构,以此为材料制作了GaN基肖特基结构紫外探测器.测量了该紫外探测器的暗电流曲线、C-V特性曲线、光响应曲线和响应时间曲线.该紫外探测器在5V偏压时暗电流为0.42nA,在10V偏压时暗电流为38.5nA.在零偏压下,该紫外探测器在250nm～365nm的波长范围内有较高的响应度,峰值响应度在363nm波长处达到0.12A/W,在365nm波长左右有陡峭的截止边;当波长超过紫外探测器的截止波长(365nm左右),探测器的响应度减小了三个数量级以上.该紫外探测器的响应时间小于2μs

一种铅锌尾矿浸出液分离富集处理工艺

本发明公开了一种铅锌尾矿浸出液分离富集处理工艺：包括以下步骤：(1)萃取剂的酸化；(2)浸出液的萃取：经过酸化的有机相和浸出液在相比O/A为1:1的条件下，进行六级逆流萃取，得到负载有机相和萃余液；(3)第一段反萃取：经萃取的负载有机相，以NaCl溶液为反萃剂进行反萃；(4)第二段反萃取：经第一段反萃后的有机相以硝酸钠溶液为反萃剂进行反萃；(5)将步骤(3)得到的第一段反萃液通过硫化钠沉淀后，得到银铅沉淀产品；(6)将步骤(4)得到的第二段反萃液通过氢氧化钠沉淀后，得到镓铁沉淀产品。本发明所述的处理工艺能从含银、镓和其他金属的铅锌尾矿浸出液中分离银镓等稀贵金属，实现低浓度银、镓金属的萃取分离富集回收