Comparison of metabolome extraction strategies from Paralia sulate

代谢组学技术已被广泛应用于环境科学、生物医学、营养学等众多研究领域。以海洋环境指示物种具槽帕拉藻（Paralia sulate）为研究对象,采用两种细胞破碎方式和三种溶剂系统对均一生物样本的代谢物进行提取,结合核磁共振（Nuclear magnetic resonance,NMR）波谱分析和主成分分析（Principal components analysis,PCA）,对不同的代谢物提取系统进行了评估。结果表明：甲醇/水（1∶1）与匀浆相结合的方法具有高提取产率、高重现性、易操作和速度快等特性,是适合具槽帕拉藻代谢物提取的方法,可为后续代谢途径的研究提供参考

不同形态磷源对具槽帕拉藻(Paralia sulcata)生长和磷酸酶活性的影响

分别采用磷酸二氢钾(KH2PO4)、β-甘油磷酸钠(Sodium-β-glycerophosphate,β-G-P)、葡萄糖-6-磷酸(Glucose-6-phosphate,G-6-P)、卵磷脂(Lecithin,LEC)和三磷酸腺苷二钠(Adenosine disodium triphosphate,ATP)作为f/2培养基的磷源,探讨了不同形态磷源对具槽帕拉藻(Paralia sulcata)生长及磷酸酶活性的影响。结果发现,具槽帕拉藻能够有效利用上述五种磷源,且溶解有机磷(Dissolved organic phosphorus,DOP)比KH2PO4更有利于具槽帕拉藻的生长;对碱性磷..

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT PHOSPHORUS SUBSTRATES ON GROWTH AND PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY OF ALGAE PARALIS SULCATA

分别采用磷酸二氢钾(KH2PO4)、β-甘油磷酸钠(Sodium-β-glycerophosphate,β-G-P)、葡萄糖-6-磷酸(Glucose-6-phosphate,G-6-P)、卵磷脂(Lecithin,LEC)和三磷酸腺苷二钠(Adenosine disodium triphosphate,ATP)作为f/2培养基的磷源,探讨了不同形态磷源对具槽帕拉藻(Paralia sulcata)生长及磷酸酶活性的影响。结果发现,具槽帕拉藻能够有效利用上述五种磷源,且溶解有机磷(Dissolved organic phosphorus,DOP)比KH2PO4更有利于具槽帕拉藻的生长;对碱性磷..

Study on the effects of As （Ⅲ） exposure on antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation of Mytilus galloprovincialis

为探讨As（Ⅲ）对紫贻贝（Mytilus galloprovincialis）肝胰腺和鳃组织抗氧化能力的影响,测定了1、10、100 μg/LAs （Ⅲ）暴露30天后,肝胰腺和鳃组织超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽巯基转移酶（GST）的活性变化以及谷胱甘肽（GSH）和丙二醛（MDA）含量的变化.结果发现：As（Ⅲ）暴露对紫贻贝肝胰腺CAT、SOD、GST活性以及GSH含量无显著影响,高浓度As（Ⅲ）暴露可诱导MDA含量的显著升高;对鳃组织而言,中等剂量暴露组CAT活性以及GSH含量较对照组水平极显著升高,高剂量As（Ⅲ）暴露组MDA含量较对照组也显著升高 研究结果表明,低浓度As（Ⅲ）长期暴露即可导致紫贻贝产生氧化胁迫,导致肝胰腺和鳃组织的脂质过氧化,且As（Ⅲ）对紫贻贝鳃组织的影响较肝胰腺组织更加显

Land-sea boundary extraction based on gradient vector flow and active contour model(基于梯度矢量流和主动轮廓模型的海陆边界提取)

利用边缘检测与主动轮廓模型组合的方法可提取海陆边界线，但易受轮廓跟踪的缺点的影响.在该方法的基础上，利用边缘检测与梯度矢量流的有向力作用生成初始轮廓线，再使用主动轮廓模型对初始轮廓线进行调整，得到精确的海陆边界.实验证明该方法可简便地生成有效的初始轮廓线并准确提取海陆边界，避免使用轮廓跟踪法.该方法可利用GIS数据辅助以简化提取流程

基于脑网络组图谱的人类岛叶皮质电刺激研究

&lt;正&gt;目的利用立体定向脑电图皮质电刺激研究对岛叶的功能解剖进行定位,帮助定位其癫痫发作的症状产生区。方法回顾性分析2014年1月至2018年6月在清华大学玉泉医院癫痫中心行药物难治性癫痫术前评估,进行SEEG(Stereoelectroencephalography,立体定向脑电图)记录,并且有电极触点在岛叶的42例&nbsp;</p

菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)金属硫蛋白基因克隆及Cd~(2+)胁迫下的表达分析

金属硫蛋白(Metallothionein,MT)是一类富含半胱氨酸的小分子蛋白质,参与机体重金属解毒和金属元素代谢等生理过程。本研究采用RACE技术,克隆获得了菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapesphilippinarum)金属硫蛋白(RpMT)的全长cDNA序列。RpMT的cDNA全长为570bp,编码75个氨基酸,包含15个MT所特有的Cys-Xn-Cys结构。采用实时荧光定量PCR技术,分析了两种壳色菲律宾蛤仔(白蛤和斑马蛤)RpMT基因在Cd~(2+)暴露后的表达变化。结果发现:Cd~(2+)急性和亚慢性暴露均可导致两种壳色蛤仔消化腺和鳃组织RpMT基因表达量的显著上调;暴露后两种壳色蛤仔鳃组织RpMT基因表达量的增加幅度均高于消化腺组织,且以白蛤鳃组织基因表达水平的上调幅度较高。上述结果表明,RpMT可能在菲律宾蛤仔抵御Cd~(2+)胁迫过程中发挥了重要作用

CLONING AND EXPRESSION OF METALLOTHIONEIN GENE IN RUDITAPES PHILIPPINARUM EXPOSED TO CADMIUM

金属硫蛋白(Metallothionein,MT)是一类富含半胱氨酸的小分子蛋白质,参与机体重金属解毒和金属元素代谢等生理过程。本研究采用RACE技术,克隆获得了菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapesphilippinarum)金属硫蛋白(RpMT)的全长cDNA序列。RpMT的cDNA全长为570bp,编码75个氨基酸,包含15个MT所特有的Cys-Xn-Cys结构。采用实时荧光定量PCR技术,分析了两种壳色菲律宾蛤仔(白蛤和斑马蛤)RpMT基因在Cd~(2+)暴露后的表达变化。结果发现:Cd~(2+)急性和亚慢性暴露均可导致两种壳色蛤仔消化腺和鳃组织RpMT基因表达量的显著上调;暴露后两种壳色蛤仔鳃组织RpMT基因表达量的增加幅度均高于消化腺组织,且以白蛤鳃组织基因表达水平的上调幅度较高。上述结果表明,RpMT可能在菲律宾蛤仔抵御Cd~(2+)胁迫过程中发挥了重要作用

Preparation of Co1-xS-MnS@CNTs/CNFs for Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Reaction

氧还原反应是燃料电池中重要的阴极反应,但由于动力学迟缓等问题导致其效率低。碳基材料具有导电性高、稳定性好、比表面积大等优点,常被应用于电催化氧还原反应。然而其在电催化氧还原反应中效率较低,对碳基材料进行Co、Mn掺杂有望提高其氧还原效率。本文采用静电纺丝技术制备出含有Co,Mn双金属的碳纳米纤维,经热解和硫化后碳纳米纤维上形成许多包裹Co1-xS和MnS纳米颗粒的碳纳米管（记为Co1-xS-MnS@CNTs/CNFs）,垂直生长在碳纳米纤维表面。通过X射线衍射、场发射扫描电子显微镜、高分辨透射电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱对Co1-xS-MnS@CNTs/CNFs的形貌、结构和组成进行表征,发现仅在Co1-xS和MnS同时存在的情况下碳纳米纤维表面才能生长碳纳米管。小颗粒的MnS为碳纳米管的生成提供成核位点,大颗粒的Co1-xS促进碳纳米管生长,最终形成Co1-xS-MnS@CNTs/CNFs。碳纳米管的形成不仅在金属颗粒表面形成一道屏障,防止其聚集、溶解,而且提高了碳纳米纤维的导电性,使其电催化性能及稳定性得到很大提升。电催化测试证明,Co1-xS-MnS@CNTs/CNFs相较于不含金属的碳纳米纤维（CNFs）及含单金属的硫化锰碳纳米纤维（MnS/CNFs）或硫化钴碳纳米纤维（Co1-xS/CNFs）具有更优异的电催化氧还原（ORR）性能,且在氧还原反应过程中表现出高效的四电子转移。其甲醇耐受性及长期稳定性显著优于商业Pt/C电催化剂。As an important cathode reaction in fuel cells and metal-air batteries, oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is a complex reaction of slow kinetics, which severely limits performances of fuel cells and metal-air batteries. Therefore, it is of key importance to find an efficient and stable electrocatalyst to promote ORR. Carbon-based materials, which possess high conductivity, good stability and large specific surface area, are usually used in electrocatalytic ORR. However, pure carbon-based materials exhibit low efficiency. Coupling carbon-based materials with manganese (Mn) and cobalt (Co) transition metals containing 3d orbitals is an effective way to improve electrocatalytic performance. Herein, carbon nanofibers containing Co and Mn elements were crafted via an electrospinning technique, using polyacrylonitrile, cobalt acetate, manganese acetate and F127 as the carbon, cobalt, and manganese sources and pore-forming agent, respectively. After vulcanizing and carbonizing the pre-oxidized electrospun samples, carbon nanofibers coated with carbon-nanotubes-wrapping Co1-xS and MnS nanoparticles (denoted as Co1-xS-MnS@CNTs/CNFs) were formed. A series of measurements were carried out to characterize the morphology and structure of samples by employing X-ray diffraction technique, field emission scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It is found that carbon nanotubes grew on the surface of carbon nanofibers when Co1-xS and MnS nanoparticles co-existed. During the growth of Co1-xS-MnS@CNTs/CNFs, MnS particles served as nucleation sites for the formation of carbon nanotubes and Co1-xS particles promoted the growth of carbon nanotubes. In addition, the as-prepared samples were composed of Co, Mn, N, C and S elements. More specifically, nanofibers were composed of C and N elements. S element functioned as the sulfur source for both Co1-xS and MnS nanoparticles, as well as the dopant of nanofibers. The dopings of N and S into carbon nanofibers could promote the oxygen adsorption, facilitating the oxygen breaking of the O-O bond and thus improving the ORR activity. Moreover, it is demonstrated that carbon nanotubes wrapping Co1-xS and MnS nanoparticles play as barriers, preventing Co1-xS and MnS nanoparticles from aggregation and dissolution. Electrocatalytic test displays that Co1-xS-MnS@CNTs/CNFs exhibited higher electrocatalytic activity toward ORR compared with CNFs, MnS/CNFs and Co1-xS/CNFs, revealing an efficient overall four-electron transfer process. The onset potential of Co1-xS-MnS@CNTs/CNFs was slightly negative, while the ORR current density was higher compared with commercial Pt/C (20wt.%). It is worth noting that Co1-xS-MnS@CNTs/CNFs possessed better stability and higher methanol tolerance than commercial Pt/C in alkaline media. It is observed that the current of Co1-xS-MnS@CNTs/CNFs dropped slightly after the test running for 20000 s, while that of commercial Pt/C lowered significantly. This research provides a simple yet effective method to prepare non-noble metal electrocatalysts with excellent electrocatalytic performance, which presents an appealing strategy for efficient energy storage and conversion.国家自然科学基金项目(21905317);中国科协青年人才托举项目资助通讯作者:王梦晔E-mail:[email protected]:Meng-YeWangE-mail:[email protected]中山大学光电子材料与技术国家重点实验室,广东 广州 510275State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong,Chin