ニンジンを中心とした作付体系と施肥処理がニンジンの収量、品質、土壌溶液硝酸態窒素濃度およびキタネグサレセンチュウ密度に及ぼす影響

Carrot (Daucus carota L.) was cultivated in continuous cropping or in combination with radish (Raphanus sativus L.), and/or Taro (Colocasia esculenta Schott) from l997 to 2001. In continuous carrot cropping, spring crop was sown in early April and harvested in late July, then the autumn crop was sown in early August and harvested in early December. In radish-carrot combination, radish was sown in the middle of April and harvested in late June. Then carrot was sown in early August and harvested in early December as in continuous cropping. Taro was sown in early April and harvested in the middle of October only in 2000. In each cropping system, standard amount of chemical fertilizer, half amount of chemical fertilizer, or cow manure substituted for 3/4 of chemical fertilizer plus 1/4 of chemical fertilizer was applied. In radish-carrot cropping system, the yield of carrot in the half amount of chemical fertilizer plot seemed to be as high as the one in the standard in 1999 autumn, 2001 spring and autumn. In other harvests, the yield tended to be lower in the half fertilizer plot. In manure-applied plot, the yield was as high as standard chemical fertilizer plot after 2000. Population density of root lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus penetrans Cobb) was decreased after cultivation of Taro. The population density was kept low even after carrot cultivation in the next spring. Sodium nitrate concentration in soil solution at 60cm deep was measured one to two times a month during cultivation period. Sodium nitrate concentration increased from around 2000 especially in standard chemical fertilizer treatment. Sodium nitrate concentration was lower in the half fertilizer treatment, and much lower in manure-applied treatment than standard treatment

カーネーション ノ カブツキバナ ト キリバナ ニ オケル カイカ ナラビニ ヒンシツ ホジ キカン ノ サイ ト トウ ガンユヨウリョウ ノ カンケイ

カーネーション`ノラ\u27の株つき花と切り花を用いて,花の品質保持期間の差異と糖含有量との関係を調査した。その結果,株つき花の品質保持期間は21日,花径の最大値は73mmに達したのに対して,切り花では8日で64mmであった。株つき花の新鮮重は8日目まで直線的に増加し,その後の21日目までほぼ一定の値を示したのに対して,切り花では2日目から6日目までほぼ一定した値を示した後,低下した。切り花の花弁のフルクトース,グルコース含有量は4日目までは株つき花とほぼ同程度の含有量であったが,8日目以後スクロースを除いて低下したのに対して,株つき花では8日目から21日目にかけてほぼ一定の値を示し,切り花よりも高い値で推移した。葉身部と茎の糖含量では株つき花と切り花の間には著しい差が認められなかったが,株つき花では花の品質保持期間終了後にスクロースとフルクトース含有量が増加した。以上の結果,カーネーションの株つき花と切り花の品質保持期間の差は,主として糖の供給量の違いによるものと推測された。We compared the longevity and content of soluble carbohydrates in cut flower with intact flower of carnation \u27Nora\u27. The longevity of cut flower and intact flower was 8 and 21 days, and flower diameter at full bloom was 7.3cm and 6.4cm, respectively. Fresh weight in flower organ of the cut flower increased to 6 days and then decreased, on the other hand, that of the intact flower increased linearly during first 8 days and was constant thereafter to 21 days. Fructose and glucose contents in petals of the cut flower increased slowly in the first 6 days and then decreased to 14 days linearly, but those of the intact flower increased rapidly to 8 days and kept those high levels to 21 days. Sucrose content in leaves of the intact flower decreased to 14 days, and then increased in 21 days significantly, however that of the cut flower decreased to the end of the experiment (14 days). Sucrose and glucose contents in stem of the cut flower and intact flower decreased to 8 days and 14 days, respectively, and then increased in 14 days and 21 days, respectively. These results suggest that difference in longevity and diameter of flower between cut and intact flower are attributed to sugars supplied from the plant

製麺用高アミロース水稲品種「越のかおり」の育成

In a breeding program aimed at developing rice cultivars with new grain characteristics, the NARO Hokuriku Research Center has bred \u27Koshinokaori\u27, a non-glutinous cultivar with high amylose content suitable for rice noodles. \u27Koshinokaori\u27 was bred from the progeny of successive backcrosses between japonica \u27Kinuhikari\u27(recurrent parent), which has the semi-dwarfing gene sd1, and indica \u27Surjamukhi\u27 (donor parent), which has high amylose content in milled grain. From the BC_3F_8 progeny, we selected a promising line, which we named \u27Hokuriku 207\u27 and sent to various locations for evaluation of local adaptability. \u27Hokuriku 207\u27 was registered with the Plant Cultivar Protection Office of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries in 2011 as \u27Koshinokaori\u27. The heading date of \u27Koshinokaori\u27 is slightly earlier than that of \u27Koshihikari\u27, but the ripening date is the same. The culm length is about 15 cm shorter than that of \u27Koshihikari\u27, the panicle length is about 1.5 cm shorter, and it has fewer panicles. The plant type is the semi-panicle-weight type. The grain shape is round and similar to that of \u27Koshihikari\u27. The amylose content in milled rice of \u27Koshinokaori\u27 is about 15 points higher than that of \u27Koshihikari\u27. Cooked rice noodles made from \u27Koshinokaori\u27 are less sticky than those made from \u27Koshihikari\u27, and are therefore less likely to stick to each other. \u27Koshinokaori\u27 is estimated to possess the blast resistant gene Pii. The field resistance for leaf blast is judged to be moderate and that for panicle blast to be moderately weak. It shows weakish tolerance to sprouting and weak tolerance to cool weather. \u27Koshinokaori\u27 can be grown from the mid-Tohoku area to Kyushu

スイートピー ノ ハナ ノ コウキ セイブン ノ ヒンシュカンサ

スイートピーの自生種,夏咲き系`Prima Donna\u27,春咲き系`Royal Rose\u27および冬咲き系`茅ケ崎11号\u27を供試して花の香気成分を調査した。花のヘッドスペースから自生種で86成分,`Prima Donna\u27で108成分,`Royal Rose\u27では90成分および`茅ケ崎11号\u27では116成分が,ヘキサン抽出物からは自生種で39成分,`Prima Donna\u27で49成分,`Royal Rose\u27では58成分および`茅ケ崎11号\u27では32成分が同定または推定された。これらの花の香気成分組成には品種間差が認められた。The volatile components of the floral fragrances in sweet pea cultivars ; native in Sicily, \u27Prima Donna\u27 (a summer flowering line), \u27Royal Rose\u27 (a spring flowering line) and \u27Chigasaki No. 11.\u27 (a winter flowering line) were determined using head space and solvent elution combined with gaschromatography-mass spectrometry. Total of 86 in the native species, 108 in \u27Prima Donna\u27, 90 components in \u27Royal Rose\u27, 116 in \u27Chigasaki No. 11.\u27 were identified from headspace of the flowers, and there were clear differences in the volatile composition of the flowers among the cultivars

コウリテン ニ オケル スタンダードカーネーション キリバナ ノ ヒンシツ ヒョウカ ト ヒンシツ ホジ キカン タイナイ スイブンリツ オヨビ キカンベツ トウ ガンユウリョウ ノ カンケイ

1999年5月21日に株式会社大田花きに出荷されたスタンダードカーネーション`フランセスコ\u27の中から,国内産の最高級品(A)と中級品(B)及びオランダからの輸入品(C)を入手し,小売店主の品質評価と切り花の形状,体内水分および器官別糖含有量並びに花の品質保持期間の関係について調査した。1.小売店の品質評価はA, C, Bの順であったが,花の品質保持期間はAが10日間で最も長く,Cが9日でBは6日間と短かった。AとCの花弁の乾物率は12日目から急激に上昇した。2.花弁のフルクトース含有量は乾物100mg当たりでAが10.0mg, BとCが8.2mgであったが,AとCでは試験期間中比較的緩やかに低下したのに対して,Bは急激に低下した。グルコース含有量はAが8.2mg, Bが6.0mg, Cが4.3mgであったが,3日後まで急激に低下した。3.全切り花の花弁からAgが検出されたことから,STS処理を行ったスタンダードカーネーションにおいても,購入時の花弁の含水率並びにフルクトースとグルコース含有量の高さが,切り花品質に大きく影響すると推測された。Cut flowers of the standard type carnation \u27Francisco\u27 graded as : high (A) and low (B) produced in Japan, and middle (C) produced in the Netherlands in a flower market were investigated with respect to their vase life, fresh weight, and water and sugar contents in the floral organs. 1. Vase life in A, B and C were 10, 5 and 8 days, respectively : flower diameter of A and C increased during the first 6 days of the experiment and then petals of A and C incurled from 11 days and 9 days respectively, and the diameter of B increased during the first 3 days and then incurled from 6 days. Dry weight percent in flower of B increased sharply from 9 days to the end of the experiment (15 days), and that of A and C increased from 12 days. 2. Petals of A, B and C contained fructose 8.2 to 10mg/100mg dry weight (DW) at the beginning of the experiment, and then in A and C decreased constantly to 2mg/100mg DW throughout the experiment, and in B decreased to 2mg/100mg DW in the first 6 days. Glucose contents in the petals decreased from 8mg/100mg to 4mg/100mg DW in A, 6mg/100mg to 2mg/100mg DW in B and 4mg/100mg to 1mg/100mg DW in C in the first 3 days of the experiment. 3. These results indicate that the high water content percent with high fructose and glucose contents in the petals contribute to long vase life in standard carnation

カーネーション キリバナ ノ ヒンシツ ホジ ニ オヨボス ケイジョウ トウ ガンユウリョウ ノ エイキョウ ナラビニ バイヨウチュウ ノ キオン オヨビ ニッシャリョウ ト ノ カンケイ

1999年2月から6月まで毎月1回,同一温室から収穫されたスタンダード・タイプ・カーネーション`フランシスコ\u27の切り花の形状,品質保持期間並びに期間別糖含有量を調査すると共に,品質保持と温室内気象条件の関係について調査した。1.切り花の生体重は2, 3月が大きくこれ以後6月まで低下したが,品質保持期間は3月が4.7日と短く,5月が5.9日で最も長かった。2.5月収穫の花弁のフルクトースとグルコース含有量は各々10mg, 6.5mg・100mg^DWで最も高く,3月は6.0mg, 4.8mg・100mg^DWと低かった。3.切り花収穫前10日間と11日から20日までの日中並びに夜間の平均気温と切り花の品質保持期間の間に有意な相関関係が認められ,回帰式から夜温14℃前後,昼温22℃前後が栽培の適温と推定された。We obtained carnation cut flowers \u27Fransisco\u27 from a greenhouse on the first Monday every month in February to June, and investigated the relationship between vase life and content of sugars in the cut flowers. Correlations between the longevity of vase life and temperatures in the greenhouse and amount of solar radiation during the growing period were also investigated. 1. Fresh weight and stem diameter of the cut flowers were highest in February and March, and decreased from April to June. Mean vase life was shortest in March (4.5 days) and longest in May (5.9 days). 2. Fructose and glucose contents in petals were highest in May (10.0mg and 6.5mg・100mg^ DW) and lowest in March (6.0mg and 4.8mg・100mg^ DW). 3. The vase life of carnation was highly correlated with day-time or night-time mean temperatures in 20 days to harvest, and it was estimated that the optimum growing temperature for long vase life of the cut flower was around 22℃ in day-time and 14℃ in night-time

Comparative double-blind trial of KN-7 tablet and Robaveron injection in the treatment of neurogenic bladder

37施設で, 神経因性膀胱233例を対象に, ロバベロン注射剤を標準薬とし, KN-7錠剤の経口投与による排尿障害に対する有用性を, 二重盲検群間比較試験で比較検討した.解析対象例はKN-7群108例, ロバベロン群107例である.KN-7群は1日6錠投与した.改善度の効果判定では改善以上K群40.7%, R群38.7%, やゝ改善以上それぞれ76.9%, 72.6%と有意差はなかった.臨床所見中改善の良かった項目は, 尿意, 残尿感, 尿失禁, 排尿までの時間, 排尿時間, 尿勢-排尿力と尿線中断の改善などで, これらの改善以上はK群35.8%, R群30.8%で, 有意差はなかった.副作用はK群0.9%, R群6.8%, K群が有意に少なかった.両剤とも主として下痢で, R群ではその他頭痛, 頻脈, 肝機能障害, 発熱感などを少数例認めた.臨床検査値ではGOT, GPTの上昇が2例あった.有用度有用以上はK群46.3%, R群45.8%で有意差はなかった.疾患別では, 末梢神経疾患, 膀胱の性状では弛緩性, 時期では12ヵ月以内の例で特に改善率が高かった.以上から, KN-7錠剤は, ロバベロン注射剤に比べ, 同等の効果が期待でき, 安全性も高く, 長期投与あるいは外来患者の治療にも適するThe clinical effectiveness, safety and usefulness of KN-7 tablet as a new oral application of the prostatic extract, on urinary dysfunction of neurogenic bladder were compared with those of Robaveron injection by the double-blind test method. In the study, 2 tablets t.i.d. and a shot of intramuscular injection 1 ml a day were given successively for 3 weeks. A total of 233 cases were reported from 37 facilities belonging to the KN-7 Clinical Research Group. Some of them were excluded or dropped out. The number of cases used for analysing the effectiveness, safety and usefulness were 214, 232 and 215, respectively. There was no bias between the two groups with a significant homogeneity in the background. In the overall clinical effectiveness, the effective rate including excellent, moderate and slightly effective was 76.9% with KN-7 and 77.4% with Robaveron. In the clinical usefulness, the rate of usefulness of slightly useful or above was 75.0% with KN-7 and 75.7% with Robaveron. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the clinical effective and useful rates at a significant level of 5%. Side effects were observed in 1 of the 114 (0.9%) patients given KN-7 and 8 of the 118 (6.8%) patients given Robaveron. The incidence of adverse reactions with KN-7 was significantly lower than that with Robaveron. Based on the results, it was concluded that KN-7 tablets, 2 tablets t.i.d., would be as effective and useful as a Robaveron injection 1 ml daily and safer than the latter in the treatment of neurogenic bladder