Cyclist fall detection system via the internet of things (IoT)

Cycling has recently become one of the most popular activities among people worldwide. It is a practical and pollution-free way of transportation. However, it has several risks and potential impairments for users. One of the causes of an individual’s death or major injuries in an accident is a lack of first aid provision due to the emergency services that is not promptly receiving information about the event. The emergency response speed is critical for any accident. Therefore, this study developed a prototype of a cyclist fall detection system to produce immediate alerts regarding any fall incident and an accurate real-time location to the emergency contacts via smartphones. The proposed system used an ESP8266 as a microcontroller to collect and process the data from the sensors. An accelerometer sensor is also used to obtain the acceleration value to calculate the roll angle in determining the cyclist’s and bicycle’s orientation. A Global Positioning System (GPS) is installed in the proposed system to obtain the cyclist’s real-time location. The fall detection system is connected with software named BLYNK to send an emergency alert to the selected contact. As a result, the developed prototype successfully detected a fall and sent an emergency alert to specific users. Along with that, the GPS also managed to produce an accurate reading of fall’s real-time location

Human-like driver model for emergency collision avoidance using neural network autoregressive with exogenous inputs

One of the most difficult challenges in providing a reliable and safe autonomous collision avoidance maneuver is developing the driver model that provides the planning system with the risk of an impending collision. Over the last few years, researchers have extensively studied several methodologies to develop such a driver model. The human-like driver model, on the other hand, is a rarely discussed research topic. This work aims to develop a steering maneuver model in emergency collision avoidance that can imitate human emergency intervention. The neural network autoregressive with exogenous inputs (NNARX) is utilized to develop the model and autonomously predict the steering angle response. The work begins by collecting the avoidance maneuver driving data of the expert driver from the automaker company. In the data collection process, a controlled environment target scenario is used to ensure that all drivers encounter real emergencies. To investigate the performance of the developed model, a comparison prediction performance between the developed model and feed-forward neural network (FFNN) is presented. The finding shows that NNARX predicts the steering angle response with a lower prediction error during both training and testing compared to FFNN

Design and fabrication of power generating treadmill

This paper aims to take advantage of treadmill’s wasted electrical energy during a person’s workout and utilize the energy for charging electrical appliances. The energy expended on a treadmill during the exercise is all wasted. In order to take advantage of the wasted energy, it could be harnessed by a power generator and stored in a battery bank. The electrical energy generated during the exercise on the treadmill could be utilized to power electronic devices and appliances. The attached power generation machine will not interrupt a person’s workout flow and it can be attached to any treadmill due to its friendly design. Wasted energy is harnessed in this research by a non-traditional manner of using shaft and wheel method. A multi-meter is used to measure the voltage and current and power is then calculated from the readings recorded. Tests have shown that the prototype machine is able to fully charge a 3096 mAh smartphone in 135 minutes and the phone could be fully charged for 2 charging cycles. This power generating machine is showing a good implementation for the Sustainable development Goals (SDG’s)

Robust composite nonlinear feedback for nonlinear Steer-by-Wire vehicle’s Yaw control

Yaw control is a part of an Active Front Steering (AFS) system, which is used to improve vehicle manoeuvrability. Previously, it has been reported that the yaw rate tracking performance of a linear Steer-by-Wire (SBW) vehicle equipped with a Composite Nonlinear Feedback (CNF) controller and a Disturbance Observer (DOB) is robust with respect to side wind disturbance effects. This paper presents further investigation regarding the robustness of the combination between a CNF and a DOB in a nonlinear environment through a developed 7-DOF nonlinear SBW vehicle. Moreover, in contrast to previous studies, this paper also contributes in presenting the validation works of the proposed control system in a real-time situation using a Hardware-in-Loop (HIL) platform. Simulation and validation results show that the CNF and DOB managed to reduce the influence of the side wind disturbance in nonlinearities

A mini review on nanorobots in medical field: Applications and challenges

Technology advancements have expanded our ability to affect the world around us on a progressively smaller scale. Nanotechnology provides substantial advantages over traditional approaches for diagnosis and therapy. Nanorobot development is an intriguing and promising area of nanotechnological research. Nanorobotics is the study of robotics at the nanometer scale, which encompasses nanoscale robots as well as huge robots capable of manipulating things with nanometer resolution in the nanoscale range. Nano-robotic manipulation, with its capacity to position and orient nanometer-scale objects, is a viable technique to build nano-systems, including nanorobots. nanorobotics has provided a ray of hope in various disciplines, particularly in medicine. They are used in medical field for treating cancer, checking blood contents, diagnoses, and accurate drug delivery. This mini literature review focuses on the applications and challenges of nanorobots in the medical field

Design and Fabrication of a Mutual Control Electronic Circuit for Solar and Electrical Water Heating

This research is a temperature controller that will be implemented to ensure that the water temperature of the solar water heating unit is maintained at the desirable level at all times of use. This control circuit is designed to control the On/Off action of the immersed electrical heater according to specific temperature range. A temperature sensor will sense the water temperature constantly and send signal to a micro-controller unit. The micro-controller will process the data according to a written program and control the actions of electrical heater. At the same time, temperature reading will be displayed through LCD and real-time data can be viewed from a computer via serial port. During times of sufficient sunlight, solar energy will be the main source used for heating water; otherwise, there will be an automatic switching to the electrical operated immersion heater. This controller will give reliability to users of solar water heating systems

Solar powered outdoor air purifier with air quality monitoring

This paper has documented the detailed design, fabrication and test of a solar powered air purifier prototypee with a High Efficiency Particulate Air Filter (HEPA) and Carbon Filters which can achieve air purification with selfsustainable ability. Besides. Several tests have been conducted to assess the performance of the proposed solar operated air purifier. In the first test, a 67.37% efficiency is achieved for the solar panel. Second test of air purifier test has shown the efficiency of cleaning ammonia pollutant in the air as 43.55% for burning cigarettes and 35.33% for floor detergent using the equipped two MQ135 sensors. The findings are showing that the floor detergent might have higher rate of diffusion than ammonia molecule found in cigarette smoke

Newly Developed Nonlinear Vehicle Model for an Active Anti-roll Bar System

This paper presents the development of a newly developed nonlinear vehicle model is used in the validation process of the vehicle model. The parameters chosen in a newly developed vehicle model is developed based on CARSIM vehicle model by using non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm version II (NSGA-II) optimization method. The ride comfort and handling performances have been one of the main objective to fulfil the expectation of customers in the vehicle development. Full nonlinear vehicle model which consists of ride, handling and Magic tyre subsystems has been derived and developed in MATLAB/Simulink. Then, optimum values of the full nonlinear vehicle parameters are investigated by using NSGA-II. The two objective functions are established based on RMS error between simulation and benchmark system. A stiffer suspension provides good stability and handling during manoeuvres while softer suspension gives better ride quality. The final results indicated that the newly developed nonlinear vehicle model is behaving accurately with input ride and manoeuvre. The outputs trend are successfully replicated

Auto indoor hydroponics plant growth chamber

The objective of this project is to build an auto indoor hydroponics plant growing chamber that has an auto monitoring and controlling system. A ESP32 based hydroponics electrical system is built with the attachment of hardware components such as temperature and humidity sensor, light intensity sensor, water level sensor, and water flow rate sensor. The software development of the system is through Arduino IoT Cloud platform, which has an overall suitability in terms of features, cost, and user intuitiveness for starters. Results have shown that ESP32 can ensure stable power supply. After testing and validation, all of the electrical components are stored in a power enclosure box to prevent contact with liquid. In short, the developed auto indoor hydroponics plant growth chamber has effectively demonstrated the ability in easing the plant cultivation procedure for agricultural community

Design and performance of a power generating manual treadmill

Treadmills are one of the most popular training equipment in the gym and at home. The working principle of treadmills is by moving the belt with the human knee bending, which creates mechanical energy to turn the belt. A gear or pulley and belt system connects to the generator along the axel line of the rolling bars. The power generated by the DC generator is stored in a battery pack and could be used to charge phones or other equipment. It has been found that treadmills can provide an efficiency of 95% when the DC motor is used and 92% when the AC motor is used. The main objective of this study is to design and fabricate a powder-generating manual treadmill and to analyze the performance of the system under different operation conditions