Personnel Potential for Ensuring Food Security in the Post-War Five Years (1946—1950): Experience of Irkutsk Region

The dynamics of the quantity and quality of personnel employed in the agricultural production of the region during the first post-war five years is studied. The forms and methods of their preparation for professional activity and retraining, as well as advanced training of executives are researched. The main source for the research was the materials of the State Archives of the Irkutsk Region. The novelty is represented by the formulation and solution of the problem, which, taking into account the designated chronological and territorial framework, has not been considered previously. In addition, the author analyzes empirical material introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The relevance of the study is due to the need to ensure the country’s food security, which presupposes the availability of a sufficient number of professionally trained personnel. It is noted that the relevance of the study is also increasing due to the fact that since the 1990s, machine-technological stations have again begun to be created in Russia. As a result of the study, the structure and quantitative composition of personnel employed in agricultural production was revealed, depending on the place and type of their activity. The dynamics of personnel by years of the study period is analyzed. The presence and level of technical and general material base for training and retraining of machine operators, specialists and other workers have been studied. A comparison of the quantitative and qualitative parameters of the personnel potential at the end of the five-year period with the indicators of the pre-war 1940 and with the indicators of 1945 is made, the main indicators are given in comparison with the data for the whole country

Wound-healing effect of polyguanidine-based hydrogel

This article present the evaluation of polyhexamethyleneguanidine hydrochloride hydrogel influence on the course of wound healing processes. Synthesis of hydrogel is based on the interaction of amino-end groups of the polymer with carbonyl compounds. The presence of significant biocidal properties of the gel-forming polymer is allowed to consider the hydrogel as a wound healing agent. Since most wound healing agents for external use are made in the form of gels, ointments, polymer-based, it was decided to use the wound healing agent "Levomekol", a gel which consists of poly (ethylene oxide) as a comparison drug. So, in terms of linear skin-muscle wound we established the pronounced wound-healing effect of a polyhexamethyleneguanidine hydrochloride hydrogel. The results of pathomorphological studies revealed that in animals of the experimental "hydrogel" group on the eighth day of the experiment, the wound was undergoing a process of rejection of the scab, the presence of mature granulation tissue and no exudate was also observed. In the comparison group, the healing process was more slow, on the eighth day of the experiment in the animal group we observed the presence of fluid under the eschar, and lower amount of mature granulation tissue. Tensiometry of the scar has shown that the strength of scar rupture in the "hydrogel" group requires 65 % more force compared to the control group, while in the group of comparison this parameter made only 48 %

Acute Toxicity of Hydrogel Polyhexamethylene Guanidine Hydrochloride

Background. Previously, we have shown that the polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride hydrogel exhibits a pronounced wound healing. At the same time, no studies of the toxic effect of the hydrogel on animals have been conducted. Aim of the research. In the framework of this work, the acute toxicity of the hydrogel polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride was studied in laboratory animals with intragastric administration. Materials and methods. The polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride hydrogel was obtained by crosslinking the amino end groups with formaldehyde. An acute toxicity study was carried out (P 1.2.3156-13, GOST 32644-2014 and the Guidelines for conducting preclinical studies of drugs) in an experiment on outbred mice with a single addition of the test substance in different doses (1000, 3000, 5000, 8000 mg/kg) with fixing indicators (appearance, behavior, condition of the body hair coat, water and food consumption, excretion, body weight and its growth) during 14 days. After the animals were withdrawn from the experiment, autopsy, macroscopic evaluation and weighing of the internal organs were performed. The results showed that with the introduction of the test substance into the animal organism, death during the observation period (14 days) did not occur. It was not possible to determine the semi-lethal dose for the test compound. Conclusion. The conducted studies allow us to conclude that this substance is practically non-toxic and can be classified as hazard class V. Further research will be directed to the formation of hydrogel compositions with medicinal substances

WOUND HEALING EFFECT OF POLYHEXAMETHYLENE GUANIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE HYDROGELAT BURNS

This article considers the wound-healing effect of a hydrogel based on polyhexamethyleneguanidine hydrochloride under conditions of thermal shock modeling. The presence of gelling properties in combination with the high biocidal activity of polyguanidins opens the prospect of obtaining an effective single-component external agent, which is very important for antimicrobial chemotherapy of wounds and burns, as in their treatment there is a high probability of infecting the wound with microorganisms causing various infectious diseases. Previously, we developed a method for the preparation of a hydrogel based on polyhexamethyleneguanidine hydrochloride, which involves the cross-linking of the amino-end groups of the branched polymer with formaldehyde, resulting in a cross-linked polymer, which is a lump-like mass. The mechanical treatment of the hydrogel makes it possible to give the material an ointment form that is convenient for application to the skin. An experiment on the evaluation of the wound healing action of hydrogel was carried out under the conditions of modeling a thermal burn. The comparative preparation was multicomponent gel "Levomekol", in which polyethylene oxide was used as the basis. It was established that the hydrogel activates the growth of antioxidants and leukocytes in the blood of animals in dynamics on the 10th, 17th and 24th day of the experiment, amounting to 56.4 %, 33.8 % and 20.9 %, and of leukocytes - 27.7 %, 19.6 %; 6,2 % in relation to the norm. The method of contrast radiography of penetrating wounds showed that the daily reduction in the wound area is most pronounced in the hydrogel group, which indicates a pronounced reparative effect

Редкий случай сочетания рака шейки матки с односторонней полной аплазией придатков

We  present  a  rare  case  of  the  combination   of  cervical  cancer  and  unilateral complete   aplasia  of  the uterine  adnexa.    Female  genital  tract anomalies  account  for  about  4% of all congenital  malformations.Congenital  malformations  of the  adnexa  are  very  rare,  accounting  for  less than  0.5%. In  the  presented case, this abnormality was found incidentally during surgery for cervical cancer. Medical genetic counseling confirmed  the presence  of the isolated congenital  pathology.В статье  представлен  случай редкого  сочетания  рака  шейки матки  с врожденной патологией  придатков – полной односторонней аплазией  маточных придатков.  Пороки  развития  женских  половых органов  составляют   около  4% всех  врожденных   аномалий  развития,   при  этом  пороки  развития придатков  очень редки (менее 0,5%). В данном случае это была случайная  находка  при оперативном вмешательстве по поводу рака шейки матки. При проведении медико-генетического консультирования сделано  заключение  о наличие изолированной врожденной патологии

Репаративное действие гидрогеля полигексаметиленгуанидин гидрохлорида

Polyguanidines are characterized by pronounced antimicrobial activity and are widely used as the main active substance of disinfectants. Polymers of this class possess the property of gel formation, which, together with biological activity, opens the prospect of obtaining an effective single-component agent or basis for an external preparation for the therapy of skin lesions. Earlier, we developed a method for the production of a hydrogel based on polyhexamethyleneguanidine hydrochloride, which involves the cross-linking of the terminal amino groups of the branched polymer with formaldehyde.The purpose of the study was to observe the effect of hydrogel polyhexamethyleneguanidine hydrochloride on the progression of wound healing.Materials and methods. An experiment on the evaluation of the wound healing action of hydrogel was carried out under conditions simulating a linear cutaneous wound, a muscular wound, and a thermal burn. The comparative drug was the pharmacopoeian drug Levomecol.Results. It has been established that hydrogel has a pronounced wound healing effect, as evidenced by the results of ruminant thoracic anatomy and pathomorphology of the sections, which shows accelerated ripening of granulation tissue and scar formation. By the method of vulnografiya it was shown that the daily decrease in wound area is most pronounced in the hydrogel group, which also indicates a pronounced reparative effect. It was determined that the hydrogel activates the growth of antioxidatic activity and leukocytes in the blood of animals in dynamics on the 10th, 17th and 24th day of the experiment, amounting to 56, 34 and 21%, and of leukocytes – 32, 30, 10% in relation to the intact animals.Conclusion. Thus, on the model of a linear cutaneous wound, a muscular wound, and a thermal burn, the healing effect of the hydrogel PGMGh/f is established, as evidenced by the results of the early exercise, vulnografiya and pathomorphological studies. It is noted that the hydrogel PGMG h/f has an effect on the content of antioxidants and leukocytes in the blood, contributing to the normalization of their quantity.Полигуанидины характеризуются выраженной антимикробной активностью и находят широкое применение в качестве основного действующего вещества в составе дезинфицирующих средств. Полимеры этого класса обладают свойством гелеобразования, что в совокупности с биологической активностью открывает перспективу получения эффективного однокомпонентного средства или основы препарата наружного применения для терапии повреждений кожных покровов. Ранее нами был разработан способ получения гидрогеля на основе полигексаметиленгуанидин гидрохлорида, заключающийся в сшивании концевых аминогрупп разветвленного полимера формальдегидом.Целью работы явилось изучение влияния гидрогеля полигексаметиленгуанидин гидрохлорида на течение раневого процесса.Материалы и методы. Эксперимент по оценке ранозаживляющего действия гидрогеля проводился в условиях моделирования линейной кожно-мышечной раны и термического ожога. В качестве сравнения использовался фармакопейный препарат «Левомеколь».Результаты. Установлено, что гидрогель обладал выраженным ранозаживляющим действием на модели линейной раны, о чем свидетельствовали результаты ранотензометрии рубца и патоморфологии срезов, показавшие ускоренное созревание грануляционной ткани и формирование рубца. Методом вульнографии на модели термического ожога показано, что суточное уменьшение площади раны в наибольшей степени эксплицировано у опытной группы 1 (гидрогель), что также свидетельствовало о его выраженном репаративном действии. Определено, что при ожоге наблюдались резкое уменьшение суммарной антиоксидантной активности сыворотки крови и нарастание количества лейкоцитов. В динамике на 10-, 17- и 24-е сут эксперимента уменьшение первого показателя составило 56, 34 и 21%, а увеличение второго показателя – соответственно на 32, 30 и 10% по отношению к интактным животным. Применение гидрогеля более эффективно, чем препарата сравнения, способствовало нормализации данных показателей.Заключение. Таким образом, на моделях линейной кожно-мышечной раны и термического ожога установлено выраженное ранозаживляющее действие гидрогеля, о чем свидетельствовали результаты ранотензометрии, вульнографии патоморфологических исследований. Более высокий ранозаживляющий эффект гидрогеля, по-видимому, связан с увеличением суммарной антиоксидантной активности и более выраженным восстановлением количества лейкоцитов в крови

Effective Rheology of Bubbles Moving in a Capillary Tube

We calculate the average volumetric flux versus pressure drop of bubbles moving in a single capillary tube with varying diameter, finding a square-root relation from mapping the flow equations onto that of a driven overdamped pendulum. The calculation is based on a derivation of the equation of motion of a bubble train from considering the capillary forces and the entropy production associated with the viscous flow. We also calculate the configurational probability of the positions of the bubbles.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figur